• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.691-696
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of five commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (A, B, C, D, and E) from different suppliers for detecting aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$). $AFB_1$-free corn samples supplemented with different levels of $AFB_1$ (5, 10, and $20{\mu}g/kg$) were used as positive controls and 6 replicates of each control sample were tested to evaluate the accuracy and precision of these kits. In addition, we also evaluated the performance of these ELISA kits for $AFB_1$ in 30 feed samples, including corn, distillers dried grains with soluble, wheat samples, soybean meal, and poultry feed, which were verified by high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the coefficients of variation ranged from 1.18% to 16.22% in intra-plate and 2.85% to 18.04% in inter-plate for the determination of $AFB_1$. The half maximal inhibitory concentration for five kits ranged from 3.72 to $7.22{\mu}g/kg$. The quantitation limits of $AFB_1$ were all under the legal limit in China but somewhat inconsistent with kit instructions. Although the recovery rate of four of the five kits were either less than 90% or more than 110%, all these values were acceptable in practice. Two kits had high false positive rates (C and E). In conclusion, our results revealed that the qualities of five tested ELISA kits were significantly different.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.308-313
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• 2013

In this paper, we measured specific absorption rate (SAR) using characteristic variables such as flip angle, repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE) at magnetic resonance imaging. The subject was applied to same scan technique from body weight 10 kg to 90 kg, were measured for the average SAR and the peak SAR values according to the change of parameter. SAR with different body weight levels was not seen a significant change at TE but it increased in the larger flip angle and the shorter TR. SAR value was within the limits of human head acceptable standard and SNR in segmental body weights was not proportional to the increase of body weights. In conclusion, this study can be helpful for diagnosis by using appropriate parameters which obtained the various contrast and SNR.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.962-969
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• 2006

To address the importance of the process fault detection for productivity, support vector machines (SVMs) is employed to assist the decision to determine process faults in real-time. The reactive ion etching (RIE) tool data acquired from a production line consist of 59 variables, and each of them consists of 10 data points per second. Principal component analysis (PCA) is first performed to accommodate for real-time data processing by reducing the dimensionality or the data. SVMs for eleven steps or etching m are established with data acquired from baseline runs, and they are further verified with the data from controlled (acceptable) and perturbed (unacceptable) runs. Then, each SVM is further utilized for the fault detection purpose utilizing control limits which is well understood in statistical process control chart. Utilizing SVMs, fault detection of reactive ion etching process is demonstrated with zero false alarm rate of the controlled runs on a run to run basis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the total heavy metals contents and chemical forms in the animal manure compost. Materials and methods: A total of 109 compost samples were collected throughout the country and classified into three groups in accordance with the raw materials; pig manure, poultry manure and mixed(pig+poultry+cattle) manure. The compost samples were analyzed for total metal content and sequential chemical extraction to estimate the quantities of metals. Results: Concentrations of Zn and Cu in several compost samples were higher than the maximum acceptable limits by the Korea Compost Quality Standards. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in compost samples were 257~5,102, 68~1,243, and 0.02~2.54 mg/kg respectively, while Cr, Ni, As, and Pb were < 20 mg/kg. The concentrations of heavy metals in pig manure compost were higher than those of both the poultry and the mixed manure compost. The predominant forms for extracted metals were Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb, residual; Cu, organic; and Cd, carbonate. Conclusions: Results indicate that the Zn and Cu contents in compost were higher than other heavy metals and the heavy metal contents were greater in pig manure compost followed by mixed and poultry manure compost. To prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in soil where animal manure compost is applied, strategy for reducing heavy metal concentrations in animal manure and compost must be considered.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2013

We tested for residual pesticide levels in dried vegetables in Seoul, Korea. A total of 100 samples of 13 different types of agricultural products were analyzed by a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-${\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze for 253 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 11 samples, of which 2 samples (2.0%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in 6 of 9 analyzed dried pepper leaves and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) range from 0.1% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for bifenthrin to 8.4% of the ADI for cadusafos. The most critical commodity is cadusafos in chwinamul, contributing 8.4% to the hazard index (HI). This results show that the detected pesticides could not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring is recommended.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of measurements performed using two different software programs on digital models generated using two types of plaster model scanners (a laser scanner and a computed tomography [CT] scanner). Methods: Thirty plaster models were scanned with a 3Shape laser scanner and with a Flash CT scanner. Two examiners performed measurements on plaster models by using digital calipers and on digital models by using Ortho Analyzer (3Shape) and Digimodel^® (OrthoProof) software programs. Forty-two measurements, including tooth diameter, crown height, overjet, overbite, intercanine and intermolar distances, and sagittal relationship, were obtained. Results: Statistically significant differences were not found between the plaster and digital model measurements (ANOVA); however, some discrepancies were clinically relevant. Plaster and digital model measurements made using the two scanning methods showed high intraclass coefficient correlation values and acceptable 95% limits of agreement in the Bland-Altman analysis. The software used did not influence the accuracy of measurements. Conclusions: Digital models generated from plaster casts by using laser and CT scanning and measured using two different software programs are accurate, and the measurements are reliable. Therefore, both fabrication methods and software could be used interchangeably.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.49-55
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• 1984

Dormant one-year-old ginseng roots were subjected to a range of stratification temperatures and time to define effective limits to these parameters and to quantify their effect on terminating dormancy. Effective storage temperatures tested ranged from $0^{\circ}C\;to\;9^{\circ}C.$ A low percentage of roots produced tops with as few as 30 days in stratification; however, 75 to 90 days were required for 100 percent emergence. Days to emergence, after planting, decreased with increased days in storage thru the maximum storage time of 120 days. The number of days of dormancy was relatively constant, near 126.5 days, over the range of effective temperatures and acceptable storage times. The minimum period of dormancy was associated with 75 days in storage at $3^{\circ}C.$ Root growth rate, after emergence, was greatest following 105 days of stratification. The frequency distribution of emergence with days in stratification suggests the potential of selecting for strains of ginseng with low chilling needs for satisfying dormancy requirements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2240-2244
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• 2009

A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to evaluate the quality of Moutan Cortex Radicis based on chromatographic fingerprints that characterize eight pharmacological compounds, namely, gallic acid, paeoniflorin, galloyl paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, quercetin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, paeoniflorigenone, and paeonol. These compounds were identified by their characteristic UV profiles and the mass spectroscopy data, and their contents were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on a $C_{18}$ column by gradient elution with 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The methodological validation gave acceptable linearities (r = 0.9996) and recoveries (ranging from 99.4∼103.1%). The limits of detection (LOD) of these compounds ranged from 10 to 30 $\mu$g/mL. The representative chromatographic fingerprints of Moutan Cortex Radicis were obtained by analyzing 20 batches of samples collected from markets in Korea and China. For the efficient evaluation of quality for the commercial Moutan Cortex Radicis it is recommended that the total content of the six characteristic compounds should contain more than a minimum of 2% and that the content of total paeoniflorin and paeonol should exceed a minimum of 1.5% of dry weight of Moutan Cortex Radicis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2012

This study calculated kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and developed a probabilistic model to estimate growth probabilities of E. coli O157:H7 on polyethylene cutting boards as a function of temperature and time. The surfaces of polyethylene coupons ($3{\times}5$ cm) were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 NCCP11142 at 4 Log $CFU/cm^2$. The coupons were stored at 13 to $35^{\circ}C$ for 12 h, and cell counts of E. coli O157:H7 were enumerated on McConkey II with sorbitol agar every 2 h. Kinetic parameters (maximum specific growth rate, Log $CFU/cm^2/h$; lag phase duration, h; lower asymptote, Log $CFU/cm^2$; upper asymptote, Log $CFU/cm^2$) were calculated with the modified Gompertz model. Of 56 combinations (temperature${\times}$time), the combinations that had ${\geq}$0.5 Log $CFU/cm^2$ of bacterial growth were designated with the value of 1, and the combinations that had increases of <0.5 Log $CFU/cm^2$ were given the value 0. These growth response data were fitted to the logistic regression to develop the model predicting probabilities of E. coli O157:H7 growth. Specific growth rate and growth data showed that E. coli O157:H7 cells were grown at $28-35^{\circ}C$, but there were no obvious growth of the pathogen below $25^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the developed probabilistic model showed acceptable performance to calculate growth probability of E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, the results should be useful in determining upper limits of working temperature and time, inhibiting E. coli O157:H7 growth on polyethylene cutting board.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.612-616
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the condition of frying oil used for frying chicken nuggets in a deep fryer. The acidification of the frying oils used, soybean oil (SB), canola oil (CA), palm oil (PA), and lard (LA), were determined as peroxide value, acid value, and fatty acid composition, after chicken nuggets were fried in them for 101 times. The acid value and peroxide value obtained were 5.14 mg KOH/g and 66.03 meq/kg in SB, 4.47 mg KOH/g and 71.04 meq/kg in CA, 2.66 mg KOH/g and 15.48 meq/kg in PA, and 5.37 mg KOH/g and 62.92 meq/kg in LA, respectively. The ranges of the major fatty acid contents were palmitic acid, 8.91-45.84%; oleic acid, 34.74-58.68%; linoleic acid, 10.32-18.65%; and stearic acid, 2.28-10.86%.Used frying oils for food except animal products have a legal limit for the freshness standard, set by the Food Codex regulations (AV<2.5, POV<50). Therefore, this study could help develop a freshness standard for frying oils used for animal products such as chicken nuggets. Based on the quality limits associated with food regulations stated, we suggested that the estimated frying times before acceptable freshness was exceeded were 41 for SB, 38 for LA, 53 for CA, and 109 for PA. This data may be useful in determining food quality regulations for frying oil used for animal products.