• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.199.3-199.3
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• 2003

Acanthopanacis Cortex (Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Araliaceae, KP VIII), an important Korean medicinal herbal drug, has been widely used as tonic, anti-stress and immuno-enhancing drugs. To monitor the contents of active ingredients (acanthoside D[=eleutheroside E], eleutheroside B, isofraxidin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid) in Acanthopanax sp., we developed the HPLC analysis method and validated. The simultaneous determination of five active ingredients was achieved in a C$\sub$18/ column with an acetonitrile water (containing 1 % phosphoric acid) (15 : 85) mobile phase. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

Previously, we reported that water-extracted Acanthopanax senticasus exhibited anti-meta-static activity by stimulating the immune system. In this study, we fractionated glycoproteins (EN-SP) from the soluble protein layer (GF-AS) of A. senticasus and determined their basic chemical properties. We also investigated the anti-tumor and immunostimulating activities of the fractionated glycoprotein, EN-SP. We found that intravenous (i.v.) administration of GF-AS dramatically inhibited metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells to the lung in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro analysis showed GF-AS to enhance the proliferation of splenocytes. GF-AS also stimulated peritoneal macrophage, which was followed by the production of various cytokines such as IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, the production of these cytokines was partially blocked when peritoneal macrophage was cultured with the polyclonal antibodies against GF-AS. The depletion of NK cells by rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of GF-AS on lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells. Using gel filtration, EN-SP, an active glycoprotein fraction, is isolated from GF-AS. While both GF-AS and EN-SP stimulated the proliferatation of splenocytes of normal mice, EN-SP showed higher anti-metastatic activity and more potently stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes compared to GF-AS. These results suggest the use of EN-SP, the fractionated glycoprotein from A. senticasus, can be used as a therapeutical reagent to prevent or inhibit tumor metastasis.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.10
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• pp.29-42
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• 2009

This paper explores the types (species of trees) of 25 pieces of waterlogged wood excavated from the area between Gwangju and Jangseong during road expansion by the Gwangju National Museum. These 25 pieces of wood include nine pieces of Quercus (Lepidobalanus Cerris)sp., six pieces of Quercus (Lepidobalanus Prinus)sp., three pieces of Castanea sp., two pieces of Salix sp., one piece of Alnus sp., one piece of Prunus sp., one piece of Morus sp., one piece of Chionanthus sp., and one piece of Acanthopanax sp.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2003

This study was carried out to establish a quantitative analysis method of separating immuno-activating substance (EN-SP) from Acanthopanax senticosus (A. senticosus) by competitive direct ELISA. Mouse antiserum (anti-EN-SP) against EN-SP was generated by immunization (s.c.) of EN-SP purified from A. senticosus as an immunogen. The titer of anti-EN-SP was about 1 : 400, and the optimal dilution of EN-SP-HRP conjugate was 1 : 1,000. When the standard curve was constructed by ELISA, its sensitivity was about $0.2{\mu}g/mL$. The coefficient variation of intra- and inter-assay were $6.13{\sim}8.81%$ and $6.73{\sim}8.60%$, respectively. According to the standard curve, the concentration of EN-SP in various senticosus extracts was found to be only $59.85\;{\mu}g$ in 10mg of extract from the bark of A. senticosus. Similarly, the immunostimulating activity to produce $TNF-{\alpha}$ or IL-12 among the various extracts of Acanthopanax was shown to be correlated with the content of EN-SP. These results demonstrated that competitive ELISA was a convenient, fast, reproducible, and accurate method for the determination of EN-SP as an immunologically active standard substance in extract of A. senticosus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4922-4927
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• 2010

In order to investigate whether the ethanol extract of Acanthopanax sp. might inhibit herbicide-induced DNA damage and erythrocyte damage, the suppression of the oxidative DNA damage of lymphocyte and erythrocyte damage in the presence of the extract were evaluated by comet assay and hemolysis assay, respectively. Phenoxy herbicides, named 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and bipyridyl herbicide paraquat induced oxidative DNA damages of lymphocytes. However, the oxidative DNA damage by 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T or paraquat was inhibited in vitro upon treating Acanthopanax extract. Moreover, the erythrocyte damage was also suppressed in vitro by Acanthopanax extract treatment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

The leaves of Acanthopanax species have traditionally been used as a tonic and a sedative as well as in the treatment of rheumatism and diabetes. Chiisanoside is the major active lupane triterpenoid of Acanthopanax leaves. To investigate the bioactivities of chiisanoside, which act on bone metabolism, the effects of chiisanoside on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were studied. Chiisanoside $(0.02{\sim}20\;{\mu}M)$ significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and nodules mineralization in the cells (P < 0.05). The effect of chiisanoside (2 ${\mu}M$) in increasing ALP activity was completely prevented by the presence of tamoxifen, suggesting that the effect of chiisanoside might be partly estrogen receptor mediated. Moreover, cotreatment of p38 inhibitor SB203580 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited chiisanoside-mediated ALP upregulation, suggesting that the induction of differentiation by chiisanoside is associated with increased activation of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by chiisanoside may result in the prevention for osteoporosis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

To develop the health/functional food materials, we investigated the cultural condition of mycelial growth on the solid state fermentation using the brown rise, Acanthopanax sp. and Artemisia sp., and also evaluated inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of hot water extracts from cultured media of Pleurotus eryngii. As the amount of Acanthopanax nnd Artemisia In the cultural media increased, the mycelial growth rate decreased. Especially, addition of Aeantopanax showed marked effect than Artemisia. Moisture contents in three kinds of cultured media were in the range of $10.9{\sim}12.0%$. Crude protein fat and crude fiber content were the highest value in cultured brown rice medium, whereas the mineral contents (Ca, K and P) were higher in the Acanthopanax supplemented (5%) medium than the other media, The extraction yield of the Artemisia supplemented (5%) medium was the highest value of 4.80%, and the pH of hot water extract from cultured brown rice medium showed the lowest value of 6.1. Lightness (L) values in three kinds of extracts from cultured media were in the range of $85.8{\sim}87.1$. Redness (a) value was the highest In the brown rice and Acanthopanax supplemented media, however cultured Artemisia supplemented medium showed the highest value in yellowness (b). In comparison of sugar components analyzed by the thin layer chromatography with three kinds of samples, two spots were detected to be glucose and maltose, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity of hot water extract from the cultured Acanthopanax supplemented medium showed the highest value at the concentration of $0.2{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$. These results suggest that the Pleurotus eryngii grew in natural media using brown rice and Acanthopanax can be supplemented to the brown rice medium to enhance its ACE inhibitory activity as health/functional food materials.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1986

The smear method developed by Velaskar and Chitre was modified to allow the screening of plant extracts and/or fractions for platelet anti-aggregating activity. The modified smear method was also found suitable for massive screening of pure compounds. Sample fractions prepared from various plant extracts were examined for their effects against ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen induced platelet aggregations. Several solvent fractions of plant extracts including water fraction prepared from the methanol extract of Acanthopanax sp. was inhibitory against rat platelet aggregations. The activity guided treatments and fractionations of the water fraction from A. senticosus Max yielded two anti-platelet aggregatory substances, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (I) and its artefact ethyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate(II). The inhibitory activities of I and II against rat platelet aggregation were compared with that of aspirin, a known inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Discussions also included the results of the investigations on the structural activity relationships among the various dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives against platelet aggregations induced by either one of ADP, AA or collagen.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2000

The biological activities of water, ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts from Acanthopanax root bark were compared. 94% of Hep3B cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. It was also showed that above 90% of A549 cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts. The 50% ethanol extracts of A. sessiliflorum root bark showed that the extracts selectivity were from 1.5 to 3.4 by adding all samples. For screening immunomodulating activities, Jurkat(T-cell) was showed that the cell growth and viability were more increased and activited 275% by adding the 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. The result of anti-mutagenicity of 50% ethanol extracts of A. senticosus root bark was most effective than any other samples. The enhancement of glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased 241% by adding 1.0g/L 1 : 1 extracts of A. senticosus root bark. 72% of oxidation was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.650-656
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• 2012

To reduce the production cost of $Pleurotus$ $ostreatus$, discarded medicinal sludge was collected from oriental medical clinics to develop the $Pleurotus$ $ostreatus$ culture medium. According to the analysis of the proximate composition of the materials used in Korean herb medicine, the crude ash contents of $Carthamus$ $tinctrius$ L stem and $Acanthopanax$ $chiisanensis$ were 11.6% and 10.1% respectively, which were relatively higher than the 9.6% of the control medium, waste cotton. Crude protein was detected in 9.8% of the waste cotton medium, whereas it was detected in 14.9%, 13.9%, 13.4%, and 11.5%, of wild mugwort, $Acanthopanax$ $\underline{chiisanensis}$, medicinal sludge, and $Carthamus$ $tinctrius$ L stem, respectively, which are all higher than the control. The pH of medicinal sludges, wild mugwort, and $Aacanthopanax$ $chiisanenses$ ranged from 5.27 to 5.72, which was similar to the 5.70 pH value of waste cotton. In the case of addition concentration of each Korean herb medicine material influencing mycelial growth of the $Pleurotus$ $ostreatus$, the 9% concentration was more favorable compared to that of 3% and 6%. However, the addition of Korean herb medicine materials did not significantly affect the growth of $P.$ $tolaassi$ and $Trichoderma$ $sp.$ According to a field experiment that added 9% of medicinal sludge into the waste cotton medium, the mycelial growth of mushrooms was facilitated by approximately 2 days, and the mushroom yield was increased by 10~15%. Furthermore, pileus and stipe of the mushrooms were even and superior in quality.