• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5492-5500
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• 2015

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardio- cerebrovascular disease. In clinical practice, however, it is primarily calculated using the Friedewald formula as a cost-effective method. The aim of this study was to compare Friedewald-estimated and directly measured LDL-C values and assess the concordance in guideline LDL-C risk classification between the two methods. The data were derived from the 2009 and 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Analysis was done for 4,319 subjects with lipid panels-total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), directly measured LDL-C using an enzymatic homogeneous assay, and triglycerides (TG). For subjects with TG lower than 400 mg/dL, Friedewald-estimated and directly measured LDL-C were highly correlated (r = 0.958, p < 0.001) and overall concordance was 82.7%. As TG increased, overall concordance decreased. Overall concordance was 85.4% at TG lower than 150 mg/dL; 78.2% at TG of 150-199 mg/dL; and 71.4% at TG of 200-399 mg/dL. The Friedewld equation tended to overestimate LDL-C when TG are of < 150 mg/dL; however, underestimate LDL-C when TG are of ${\geq}150mg/dL$. As a result, Friedewald estimation misclassified 382 subjects (9.1%) in a higher category versus 348 subjects (8.3%) in a lower category. Our findings suggest that overestimation of LDL-C by the Friedewald formula can be a great problem as well as underestimation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify advanced beginner-stage nurse's intention of retention. Data were collected from May 1 to June 30 of 2017 using a structured questionnaire. Participants consisted of 150 nurses with 13 to 36 month clinical careers at a hospital located in D, C and K city, Korea. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression, using IBM SPSS WIN 20.0. The average score was 3.34 (${\pm}0.53$) for ego resilience, 2.28 (${\pm}0.44$) for sense of calling, 3.88 (${\pm}0.58$) for teamwork, 3.36 (${\pm}0.42$) for organizational culture, and 5.27 (${\pm}1.38$) for retention intention. Retention intention was positively correlated with ego resilience (r=0.211, p<0.05), sense of calling (r=0.338, p<0.001), teamwork (r=0.284, p<0.001) and organizational culture (r=0.215, p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that sense of calling and teamwork explained 11.4% (${\beta}=0.284$, p<0.001) and 4.2% (${\beta}=0.212$ p<0.001) of the retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses, respectively, and these variables together explained 15.6% of the retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses. The results of this study will improve retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses and facilitate development a management program and execution strategy that helps improve sense of calling and teamwork, especially that of friendly social orientation and mutual cooperation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.618-624
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• 2020

A portable power supply system for soldiers must be able to supply electric energy corresponding to the power consumption of combat support troops, and have a carrying load in a range that does not impair the combatant's ability to execute operations. In particular, as the total required power of combat equipment increases with the advances in the future soldier system, a portable, lightweight power supply system with high efficiency is essential. A fuel cell has a high energy-to-weight density compared to lithium batteries, which are used mainly as a military power source system. Therefore, it is capable of miniaturization and lightweight, making active R&D to a portable power supply system. In this paper, the characteristics of the fuel cell applied as a portable power supply system, and the R&D trends of domestic and foreign military portable fuel cell systems were investigated. The current status of domestic technology compared to the level of foreign development was analyzed. In addition, future technology development plans are presented based on the consideration factors when developing a portable fuel cell (power supply stability, portability, and cost reduction) so that it can be used when establishing a plan on the development of a portable fuel cell system for the future soldier system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.356-365
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• 2017

Most studies of the effects of corporate patents on managerial performance conducted to date have been based on internally-generated patents. However, global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies acquire patents not only from internal research and development (R&D), but also through university-industry collaboration and purchase. Focusing on this issue, our study collected patents from various sources, including internal R&D, purchased patents, and university-industry collaboration, to examine the real effects more accurately. Additionally, our study used a finite time lag model to consider the time lag between patent and corporate performance. The results of the quantitative analysis of the relationship between patents and corporate financial performance revealed that patent quantitative levels had less impact on sales than other types. However, quantitative patents levels appeared to have a significant impact on market value. Moreover, quantitative patent levels appeared to moderate impact on corporate profit. Patents acquired by internal R&D had the greatest impact on market value, while purchased patents had the greatest impact on corporate profit and sales. The purchased patents had a significant effect on financial performance in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies because of the long time required and expense associated with R&D. Overall, the results of this study provide the basis for global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to configure an optimal patent portfolio.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8691-8699
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• 2015

With the technology of our time growing sophisticated everyday, softwares advance rapidly in accordance. Reflecting this trend, researches on Usability of S/W GUI(Graphical User Interface) is actively taking place. However, despite the active researches on such topic, Usability study of S/W GUI for weapon system remains insufficient. For such reason, this paper intends to focus on drawing evaluation factors as well as priority of design factors for Usability of S/W GUI for weapon system. For an accurate and reliable result, Usability evaluation attributes & design factors were assessed by professionals. Moreover, by incorporating AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Matrix analysis, each evaluation attributes' level of importance and relation between design factors & usability attributes were assessed to draw final design priority. As a result, the importance of Informativity, Accessibility, and Visibility were derived as 0.127, 0.121, 0.108, and selected to be the foremost priority for evaluating. This research could be utilized as foundation for usability evaluation of S/W GUI on weapon system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

Weapon systems have been developed with high technology electronic equipment due to technology growth. In addition, the capital, operational and maintenance costs of weapon systems have all increased. However, cost of operation and maintenance for weapon systems has been decreased relatively compared to the increased capital cost of weapon systems. Therefore, the defense industry needs to research the life cycle cost of weapon systems that have high operational and maintenance costs. This paper focuses on maintenance equipment for the operation and maintenance of weapon systems. Recently, it seems that the weapon systems that have periodic calibration with maintenance equipment are valid. The equipment requires periodic calibration by the manufacturer to check its own validation. Basically, customers demand high reliability devices from foreign companies that have qualified in the global market. Therefore, the tools need to be calibrated overseas. In other words, weapon systems are not available when the equipment has to be calibrated overseas because the systems require validation with valid maintenance equipment. A purpose of this paper is to compare the loss costs that arise from the calibration of the equipment overseas and the purchasing cost of the tools. Finally, the research shows the number of equipment that customers need to minimize the cost. This research will help to improve the efficiency of operation of weapon systems and solve the problems associated with the need for maintenance overseas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.82-91
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• 2020

Recently, the research and development of weapon systems have expanded from ILS centered on acquisition costs to LCS, including operating maintenance costs. Regulations define the provision and formula of operating maintenance costs, but this does not consider the characteristics of the design and operation/maintenance of real weapon systems based on engineering calculations. Therefore, this study suggests a simulation design method to complement these areas and produce more accurate operating maintenance costs. The research procedures are as follows. First, the provision and formula of operating maintenance costs were defined to make the simulation results applicable. Second, a simulation model was developed by reviewing design considerations so that the simulation results reflect reality more accurately. The design considerations include the PBS of weapon systems, operation schedules, specifications for operation/maintenance/warehouse facilities, and basic cost information (personnel expense and spare part/equipment cost). This study is expected to be effective in calculating the operating maintenance costs more easily and accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1621-1627
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• 2011

This study investigates both backward and forward multipliers of human capital in the field of information technology in order to evaluate human resources programs which were executed in the public sectors. Dynamic interindustry linkages analysis was employed as a methodology after classifying human capitals related to information technology into 9 industries. First, empirical findings showed that there are economic externalities in the IT HRD programs when the formation of human capital increases with more investment in them. Second, another finding was that the effect of HRD programs could be powerful when HRD programs were closely connected with R&D programs, showing that R&D programs among IT HRD programs have huge backward linkage effect. In addition, IT service sector has its own spill-over effect to other industries. Third, however, small budget and one off HRD programs should be considered as a negative price synergy effect. Finally, overall economic feasibility of IT HRD programs turned out to be excellent with consideration of their own economic direct and indirect effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3792-3799
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• 2012

The dedusting characteristics of pulse air jet type dedusting system which is widely applied in the industries were identified by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the dedusting performance in modified shape of dedusting unit was compared in this study. The review on the dedusting air volume, air stream distribution and inflow velocity distribution on each shape of dedusting part showed that the case of installing the nozzle on the blow tube (Case-3) and the case of installing the double intaking tube to the venturi (Case-4 and Case-5) were more excellent than the structure (Case-1) which is widely applied in the field in its amplification effect on the air volume and extension of stream width. The specification of venturi was decided to apply the selected Case-5 for the option of the commercial back filter. It is considered that the dedusting air volume will be maintained in maximum in the case of 50 mm and 90 mm for the diameter of internal and external intaking pipe respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.74-82
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• 2016

The term research institute spin-offs refers to new firms created by public research institutes. These spin-offs are different from other start-ups in two respects: on the one hand, they should be located in the Special Research and Development Zones and, on the other hand, these firms are supposed to commercialize the results of public R&D activities. These spin-off firms show higher rates of survival and job creation than general new firms, which means that their contribution to economic growth is not negligible. The present study analyzes the factors affecting research institute spin-offs using a random effect panel logit model and negative binomial model. From previous studies, four elements are identified as playing an important role in the commercialization of public R&D through spin-offs, namely their organizational character, research capability, technological character, and geographical location. The empirical results demonstrate that government research institutes with more researchers and patents are more likely to create new firms. In addition, the location of the institutes significantly affects the probability of their creating spin-offs and their number. When the technological stage and TLO size are considered, however, it turns out that the number of researchers and technological stage play important roles in the spin-offs.