• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

This study was carried out for the purpose of presenting basic data bases for conservation and management measures of Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area in Bongsan. The analysis results of the actual vegetation showed that rate of vegetation cover were composed of 72.3% of Robinia pseudo-acacia Forest, 10.7% of Sorbus alnifoila Forest, and Sorbus alnifoila was founded as a dominant woody plant species in the Core Zone of Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area. To investigate the vegetation structure of Sorbus alnifolia Community in Bongsan Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area, twelve $100m^2$ sized plots were set up in Bongsan. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, the communities were divided into the three groups of Sorbus alnifolia Community, Pinus koraiensis Community and Robinia pseudo-acacia Community, To analyze annual diameter growth rate for major tree species, nine sample trees from research plots were measured. Expected ages of Sorbus alnifoila trees were 27~37years, Robinia pseudo-acacia trees were 17~26 years, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Prunus sargentii, and Quercus mongolica trees were 27~38 years. As a result, annual diameter growth rates of Robinia pseudo-acacia and Pinus rigida tended to remarkably decreased, Sorbus alnifoila had the wood on inter-specific competition of the woody plant species. Importance values of Sorbus alnifoila in the three layers of Sorbus alnifoila communities were evenly high.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.311-316
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• 2006

The role of short fibre pulp - Mixed Harwood, Eucalyptus, Aspen, Birch, etc for the manufacture of different grades of paper is very well recognized. At the same time, lots of efforts are in progress to maximize the advantages while preserving their own special property. Bleached Acacia Kraft Pulp (BAKP) is comparatively new entry but gained quick recognition. BAKP was introduced to the world market by South East Asian suppliers in the late 1990's. This paper discusses in detail the role and opportunities of use of short fibre pulps. A logical technical comparison has been made between BAKP and another short fibre grades. BAKP being a short, thin-walled fibre shows several similarities with Eucalyptus pulp in terms of good bulk and stiffness. Refining energy and strength properties are very similar, but the shorter fibres and thinner cell walls give an outstanding opacity and formation compared to other commercial short fibre pulps. The collapsed and band-shaped nature gives a matchless smoothness, enabling less calendaring and exceptional printing properties. BAKP is shown to give several advantages to fine paper manufactures, compared with a number of established short fibre pulps such as Brazilian and Chilean Eucalyptus, Canadian Aspen and Indonesian Mixed Hardwood. It is important to consider refining and calendaring conditions to achieve optimum performance. For outer layers of multiply board, Acacia gives excellent coverage due to its high opacity and uniform fibre distribution. Its low roughness property gives improved printability. For tissue products, Acacia gives unique property of superior softness both in terms of hand feel and bulk softness. The high fibre population gives an impression of much higher quality due to the higher opacity and good formation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

The present study was carried out from September 2007 to February 2008 in Umfakarin natural forest reserve, South Kordofan, Sudan. The objective was to analyze the effect of different management strategies on yield of gum talha from Acacia seyal. A total of 493 single target trees were selected, based on their diameters, and assigned to tapping treatments in three different stand densities (making a total of nine treatments per stand density). The treatments are as follows: tapping date with three levels (first of October, 15 October and first of November) and two levels of local tapping tools (sonki, and makmak). Untapped trees were used as control. The first picking of gum was started fifteen days after tapping while the subsequent pickings were done in intervals of fifteen days. Yield per tree throughout the season was obtained by summing up the gum yield from all pickings. Yield throughout the season (from first to the last picking) were analyzed. General linear model (GLM) was used to test the effect of different tapping treatments on the yield of gum talha. Post hoc test after analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on Scheffe test was performed to examine the differences in gum yield as a result of different management strategies. The results showed that tapping has a significant influence on gum yield. Analysis of pick-to-pick yield indicated that only three treatments in dense stand density showed a decreasing pattern while the rest of treatments either have constant or unclear patterns. The results of the present study were based on a single season data and that may underscore the real effect of Acacia seyal stands' management strategies on gum talha yield. Conducting gum yield experiments in permanent trial plots are highly recommended in order to analyze gum yield of seasonal time series.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2010

The Acacia seyal Del. var. seyal belongs to family Mimosaceae is known locally as gum Talha tree. It is a multipurpose tree species occurs throughout the African gum belt in Savannah mostly in pure forest. In Sudan it thrives on heavy clay soils that receive an annual rainfall between 400-800 mm. It is an important source of rural energy (fuelwood and charcoal) and forage. As mentioned by Nair (2007) the economic damage causes by insect in natural forest often difficult to judge due to no enough research attention The tree is frequently affected by biotic factors among them the insect pests. During a survey in the 1980's the tree was severely infested by the longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) severely infesting other Acacia species, but the ecological data are overlooked. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess infestation characteristics and to determine environmental factors triggering the attack of longhorned beetles. A temporary random sampling technique was applied to observe the damage characteristics of the longhorned beetles on tree species during May-July 2007. Five sample plots occupies by A. seyal were taken in Kordofan region directly observed for the presence of hole of emergence of the longhorned beetles, presence of dusts, presence of insect stages, girdling as well as other characteristics of damage. The study results indicate that the infestation rate of trees in the sampled sites ranged between zero and 23.08%. Further ecological researches are recommended.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2023

Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

Soil physical and chemical properties at three layers such as top (0-10 cm), middle (10-20 cm) and bottom (20-30 cm) layers under three different vegetation types were studied. Soil samples were collected from Acacia forest, vegetable and fallow lands of Chittagong university campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Results showed that sand was the dominant soil particle followed by clay and silt fractions in all soil depths under different vegetation types. Soils of fallow land showed the highest values of bulk density while forest soils had the lowest values at three depths. Acacia forest soil having lowest values of dispersion ratio (DR) is less vulnerable while fallow soil with highest DR values is more vulnerable to soil erosion. The lower pH value at all soil layers in three ecosystems represented that soils under study are acidic in nature. Contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were observed higher in Acacia forest soils compared to vegetable and fallow soils. Only soils of vegetable land had higher level of available phosphorus in three layers than that of other two land covers. The study also revealed that different soil properties were observed in three different vegetation types might be due to variation in vegetation and agronomic practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.128-133
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• 2013

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of Acacia karroo supplementation on growth, ultimate pH, colour and cooking losses of meat from indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats. Eighteen castrated 4-month-old kids were used in the study until slaughter. The kids were subdivided in two treatment groups A. karroo supplemented (AK) and non-supplemented (NS). The supplemented goats were given 200 g per head per d of fresh A. karroo leaves. The kids were slaughtered on d 60 and sample cuttings for meat quality assessment were taken from the Longistimus dorsi muscle. The supplemented kids had higher (p<0.05) growth rates than the non-supplemented ones. The meat from the A. karroo supplemented goats had lower (p<0.05) ultimate pH and cooking loss than the meat from the non-supplemented goats. Acacia karroo supplemented goats produced higher (p<0.05) $b^*$ (yellowness) value, but supplementation had no significant effect on $L^*$ (lightness) and $a^*$ (redness) of the meat. Therefore, A. karroo supplementation improved growth performance and the quality of meat from goats.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

An efficient protocol for in vitro multiple shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from mature green cotyledon derived callus tissues of Acacia sinuata has been developed. Callus formation occurs at all the concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium, but 0.6 ${\mu}M$ proved to be the best with maximum callus formation frequency. Supplementation of TDZ in combination with indole-acetic acid (IAA) in MS media accelerates shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissues with 60-70% conversion of shoot buds into shoot Most efficient shoot organogenesis was recorded when TDZ induced calli were subcultured at different concentrations of 6-benzyla-denine (BA). Optimum shoot bud induction and plant regeneration from callus was achieved when 0.6 ${\mu}M$ (TDZ) induced calli were subcultured at 3.0 ${\mu}M$ (BA) where $16.6{\pm}0.74$ shoots/unit callus on obtained. Rooting in in vitro differentiated shoots was achieved when transferred to medium containing different concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in full & half strength MS medium. The well rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to net house with 90% survival rate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6423-6428
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• 2015

The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indian medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Their cytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast (T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB and MTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine human cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at $100{\mu}g/mL$ induced G2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cell necrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 1995

Black locust trees(Robinia pseudo-acacia L.) are growing widely in Korea and have been used to get honey and animal feed, but they have seldom been used as manufacturing materials. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of using black locust as bent-wood furniture materials. Softening methods were steaming and micro-wave heating. The specimens of 15${\times}$15${\times}$350mm were all air-dried. For softening, specimens were steamed at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 7 min, or microwave heated for 35 seconds. It is known that microwave heating softens wood much faster than steaming. The bending processing conditions are showed in Table 7. The minimum solid-bending radii of black locust were 40mm for steaming and 150mm for micro-wave heating, respectively. In conclusion the steamed black locust, showed very good solid bending properties, but the bending properties of micro-wave heated black locust were not sufficient for bent-wood furniture.