• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.903-916
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the ear-based rectal temperature measured with a tympanic thermometer with the rectal temperature measured with a glass mercury thermometer in order to test the accuracy of tympanic thermometer and to determine relationship among rectal, axilla, and abdominal temperature in neonates. The samples consisted of thirty four neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and nursery at an university affiliated hospital. The mean age of the subjects was 4.9 days. The ear-based rectal temperatures were taken with a tympanic thermometer in rectal mode (First Temp Genius 3000). Rectal and axilla temperatures were taken with a glass mercury thermometer, Abdominal temperature was continuously monitored with the probe connected to the servo controller of incubator. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. Intrarater comparison : Agreement between the first and the second ear-based rectal temperature was 97% within 0.1$^{\circ}C$. 2. Comparison of ear-based rectal temperature and the rectal temperature from a glass mercury thermometer : ear-based rectal temperature ranged from 36.95$^{\circ}C$d to 37.95$^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 37.58$^{\circ}C$(SD＝0.22$^{\circ}C$). Rectal temperature from a glass mercury thermometer ranged from 36.2$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.2$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean 36.75$^{\circ}C$(SD＝0.29). The mean difference between both temperatures was 0.84$^{\circ}C$. The correlation coefficient between both temperatures was r＝0.77(p＝0.00). 3. Comparison of rectal and axilla temperature : Axilla temperature ranged from 35.8$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.1$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 36.55$^{\circ}C$. The mean absolute difference between the rectal and axilla temperature was 0.23$^{\circ}C$. The correlation coefficient between rectal and axilla was r＝0.67. 4. Comparison of axilla and abdominal temperature : Abdominal temperature ranged from 36.2$0^{\circ}C$ to 37.0$0^{\circ}C$, with a mean of 36.58$^{\circ}C$. The mean absolute difference between axilla and abdominal temperature was only -0.03$^{\circ}C$. Findings of this study suggest that ear-based rectal temperature overestimates the actual rectal temperatures in neonates. Therefore, the interchangeble use of both temperatures in clinics seems problematic. The site offset(adjustment value) programmed in rectal mode of the tympanic thermometer needs to be readjusted. Choosing one optimal site for temperature measurement for each patient, and using the specific site consistently would result in more consistent measurements of changes in body temperature, and thus can be more effective in diagnosing fever or hypothermia.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

Recently, researches on the prediction of sea water temperature using artificial intelligence models has been actively conducted in Korea. However, most researches in the sea around the Korean peninsula mainly focus on predicting sea surface temperatures. Unlike previous researches, this research predicted the vertical sea water temperature profile of the East Sea, which is very important in submarine operations and anti-submarine warfare, using XBT(eXpendable Bathythermograph) data and machine learning models(RandomForest, XGBoost, LightGBM). The model was trained using XBT data measured from sea surface to depth of 200m in a specific area of the East Sea, and the prediction accuracy was evaluated through MAE(Mean Absolute Error) and vertical sea water temperature profile graphs.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.3430-3437
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• 1974

.It is very importaut to know the water consumption of crops in planning irrigation works and practicing suitable soil moisture management. For the purpose of making it clear that how much water be consumed to cultivate the Chinese cabbage, Chamber method has been applied. Main equipments in the transpiration chamber are flowers, manometer and electric thermograph. The chamber made of vynyl plate has a small entrance at the base and an exit at the top, and the ventilation in the chamber was carried out by a flower through the entrance and exit. Air-flow adjusted by an orifice manometer enters the chamber from the outside over the crop canopy through the pipe like a chimney and finally goes out to the outside. Two sets which consist of a pair of dry and wet bulb made by thermistor are installed in the entrance and exit tube, and record air temperature automatically. Evapotranspiration amount is computed from the air-flow quantity and difference in absolute humidity between at the entrance and exit of the chamber by the following equation: ET=(X2-X1)${\times}$Q where ET=evapotranspiration amount X1=absolute humidity at the entrance(g/㎥) X2=absolute humidity at the exit(g/㎥) Q=air-flow quantity(㎥) This study was carried out at the upland farm of the Institute of Agriculture Engimeering and Utilization, Suwon, Korea. from 1971 to 1973. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. The total amount of evapotranspiration of Chinese Cabbage that is cultivated in autumn is 408.1mm during growth period. 2. Chinese cabbage rapidly grows up in the second ten days of September, 40th to 50th days after seeding. At the same time, the maximum amount of evaportranspiration of Chinese cabbage is 61.6mm/10 days 3. The correlation between Pan-evaporation and evapotranspiration is high, coefficient of correlation r=0.88**, and can be shown as The following regression equation: ET=0.913E+20.273 4. Evapotranspiration is closely related with meteorological factors: r=0.85**, for insolation, r=0.76** for air temperature, respectively. 5. The percentage of evapotranspiration amount, at the beginning of growth stage, gradually increases in proportion as the Chinese Cabbage grows but is largely affected by meteorological factors after the green cover formation. 6. By Blaney and Griddle formula, evaportranspiration coefficient "K" are within from 0,85 to 1.27.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2006

This paper presents an integrated multifunctional sensor based on MEMS technology, which can be used or embedded in mobile devices for environmental monitoring. An absolute pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are integrated in one silicon chip of which the size is $5mm\times5mm$. The pressure sensor uses a bulk-micromachined diaphragm structure with the piezoresistors. For temperature sensing, a silicon temperature sensor based on the spreading-resistance principle is designed and fabricated. The humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor which has the polyimide film and interdigitated capacitance electrodes. The different piezoresistive orientation is used for the pressure and temperature sensor to avoid the interference between sensors. Each sensor shows good sensor characteristics except for the humidity sensor. However, the linearity and hysteresis of the humidity sensor can be improved by selecting the proper polymer materials and structures.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.299-301
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• 2002

Recent denaturation experiments of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in the dark and under illumination at high temperatures revealed that irreversible thermal bleaching occurs above ~ 70°C and the preceding reversible structural changes in the dark above 60°C are closely related to irreversible photobleaching observed in the same temperature range (Yokoyama et al. (2002). J Biochem. 131,785). In this study, structural properties of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) at high temperatures were extensively probed by hydroxylamine reactivity with the Schiff base in the dark and hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange in the peptide groups. In the Arrhenius plot from kinetics measurements of the hydroxylamine reaction, a good linear relationship between the reaction time constant and the inverse of the absolute temperature was observed below 60°C, while significant increase started above 60°C, suggesting that remarkable increase in water accessibility of the Schiff base in the temperature region. FT-IR spectroscopic studies on the H-D exchange suggested increase in the deuterium exchanges rate of the peptide hydrogen in the same temperature region.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.371-377
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• 1999

The effects of benzamidoxime concentration, solvents and temperature on the degree of metal extraction were investigated to apply benzamidoxime to heavy metal extraction as chelating agent. Benzamidoxime was synthesized from benzonitrile with hydroxylamine. The chemical structure of benzamidoxime was identified. The degree of heavy metal extraction was increased with increasing the concentration of benzamidoxime and decreasing the extraction temperature. Benzamidoxime was found to be an concentration of benzamidoxime and decreasing the extraction temperature. Benzamidoxime was found to be an effective extractant for Cu-extraction by benzene or chloroform. The relationship between the thermodynamic overall equilibrium constant and absolute temperature was expressed as log K = -5.56 ＋ $855T^{-1}$. Heat of extraction, $$\Delta$H^0$ were calculated from overall equilibrium constants at various temperature and the extraction reactionby benzamidoxime was found to be exthothermic.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.1881-1887
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• 2011

In this work the recyclable new polyethylene(PE) and polypropylene(PP), which are thermoplastic, have been investigated as the eco-friendly insulating candidates to replace the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). The temperature dependence of conductivities of these materials has been measured and its effects on electric field and space charge distribution in polymeric insulated power cable under temperature gradient have been calculated. It is shown that the sensitivity of conductivity to temperature change has more critical influence to determine the electric field distribution in the power cable than the absolute value of conductivity does and it can be said that the temperature dependence is one of most important factors for the power cable design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.12 s.255
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 2006

This paper examines the critical air temperature at which frost formation does not occur on a cold plate in order to improve the efficiency of a heat pump. The critical air temperature on test points is obtained from numerical analysis and a correlation of the critical air temperature is derived as a function of frosting factors (air absolute humidity, air velocity, and cold plate temperature) by least square method. Experiments are carried out to verify the correlation proposed in this study, and the prediction obtained with the correlation agrees well with the experimental data. Based on the correlation, we propose the non-frosting regions according to frosting factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.5
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• pp.63-68
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• 1998

The absolute pressure sensor using SDB wafer has been fabricated. the structure of the sensor consists of two wheatstone bridges and a diaphragm. One of the two wheatstone bridges is located on the edge of diaphragm, and the other is located on the center of diaphragm. The diaphragm cavity is sealted in vacuum (~10$^{5}$ Torr) to reduce the effect of temperature due to the vapor in the cavity on the sensitivity of pressure sensor. This is the minor method of temperature compensation method. In this experiment the main compensation method is to use the difference of the two bridge offset voltages. The drift of offset voltage with temperature is reduced by using this method so that temperature charcteristics is improved. In this method the temperature effect in the range of 22~100.deg. C was compensated over 80%.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.240-245
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• 2000

In this study, thickness, density and effective thermal conductivity of frost forming on the horizontal cylinder were measured with various air temperature and humidity. Reynolds number and temperature of cooling surface are controlled 17300 and $-l5^{\circ}C$ respectively. In each case of air temperature $5^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,$ varying absolute humidity, experiments were executed. In measuring frost surface temperature and thickness of frost layer, infrared thermocouples and CCD camera were used. Frost was gathered from cylinder to measure mass of frost layer. Experimental data showed that the thickness and effective thermal conductivity of the frost layer increase with respect to time. Thickness of frost layer increase with humidity increasing, and density of frost layer increase with air temperature rising. Frost growth with air temperature and density of frost layer with humidity are affected by whether dew point is below or above freezing point.