Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2022.27.11.047

Prediction of Vertical Sea Water Temperature Profile in the East Sea Based on Machine Learning and XBT Data  

Kim, Young-Joo (Dept. of Defense Science, Korea National Defense University)
Lee, Soo-Jin (Dept. of Defense Science, Korea National Defense University)
Kim, Young-Won (Dept. of Defense Science, Korea National Defense University)
Abstract
Recently, researches on the prediction of sea water temperature using artificial intelligence models has been actively conducted in Korea. However, most researches in the sea around the Korean peninsula mainly focus on predicting sea surface temperatures. Unlike previous researches, this research predicted the vertical sea water temperature profile of the East Sea, which is very important in submarine operations and anti-submarine warfare, using XBT(eXpendable Bathythermograph) data and machine learning models(RandomForest, XGBoost, LightGBM). The model was trained using XBT data measured from sea surface to depth of 200m in a specific area of the East Sea, and the prediction accuracy was evaluated through MAE(Mean Absolute Error) and vertical sea water temperature profile graphs.
Keywords
Machine Learning; RandomForest; XGBoost; LightGBM; XBT; Vertical Sea Water Temperature Profile Prediction;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 T. Chen, C. Guestrin, "XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System," 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD '16), pp. 785-794, New York, USA, August. 2016, DOI: 10.1145/2939672.2939785   DOI
2 K. S. Ko, Y. W. Kim, S. H. Byeon, and S. J. Lee, "LSTM Based Prediction of Ocean Mixed Layer Temperature Using Meteorological Data," Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 603-614, June. 2021, DOI: 10.7780/ kjrs.2021.37.3.19   DOI
3 J. Y. Kim, "Conducting Strategic Anti-submarine Warfare at the Korean Peninsula," The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 135, March. 2017.
4 Joseph Hall, "Principles of Naval Weapons Systems," US Naval Academy, p. 186, 2000.
5 Q. Zhang, H. Wang, J. Dong, G. Zhong and X. Sun, "Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature Using Long Short-Term Memory," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letter, Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 1745-1749, Oct. 2017, DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2017.2733548.   DOI
6 J. Liu, T. Zhang, Y. Gou, X. Wang, B. Li and W. Guan, "Convolutional LSTM Networks for Seawater Temperature Prediction," 2019 IEEE International Conference on Signal Information and Data Processing (ICSIDP), pp. 1-5, Chongqing, China, Dec. 2019, DOI: 10.1109/ICSIDP47821. 2019.9173301   DOI
7 K. S. Ko, S. H. Byeon and Y.W. Kim "Prediction of Sea Water Temperature by Using Deep Learning Technology Based on Ocean Buoy," Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 299-309, June. 2022, DOI: 10.7780/kjrs.2022.38.3.6   DOI
8 CJ. Willmott, K. Matsuura, "Advantages of the Mean Absolute Error(MAE) over the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in Assessing Average Model Performance," Climate Research, Vol. 30, pp. 79-82, Dec. 2005, DOI: 10.3354/cr030079   DOI
9 S. T. Jeong, H. Cho, D. H. Ko, N. S. Oh and K. P. Son, "Estimation of Probability Distribution Fuctions for Water Tempearture Data in Korean Coasts," Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 25, No. 1, p.11, Feb. 2013, DOI: 10.9765/kscoe.2013.25.1.11   DOI
10 L. Breiman, "Random Forests," Machine Learning, Vol. 45, pp. 5-32, April. 2001, DOI: 10.1023/A:1010933404324   DOI
11 G. Ke, Q. Meng, T. Finley, T. Wang, W. Chen,W. Ma, Q. Ye and TY. Liu, "Lightgbm: A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, No. 30, pp. 3146-3154, Long Beach, CA, USA, Dec. 2017.
12 S. J. Jeong, Y. J. Kim, S.M. Park and J. H. Im, "Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature and Detection of Ocean Heat Wave in the South Sea of Korea Using Time-series Deep-learning Approaches," Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, No. 5-3, pp. 1077-1093, Oct. 2020, DOI: 10.7780/kjrs.2020.36.5.3.7   DOI
13 H. Y. Kim, "Maritime Conflicts in East Asia and the Implications for South Korea," The Journal of Social Science, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 247-248, June. 2017, DOI: 10.46415/JSS.2017.06.24.2.239   DOI
14 Mackenzie. K.V, "Nine-term Equation for Sound Speed in the Oceans," the Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 807-812, June. 1981, DOI: 10.1121/1.386920   DOI
15 S. H. Im, "Analysis of Differences between the Sonic Layer Depth and the Mixed Layer Depth in the East Sea, "Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 5, p. 1260, May. 2015. DOI: 10.6109/JKIICE.2015.19.5.1259   DOI
16 J. Liu, T. Zhang, G. Han and Y. Gou, "TD-LSTM: Temporal Dependence-Based LSTM Networks for Marine Temperature Prediction," Sensors 2018, Vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 1-13, Nov. 2018, DOI: 10.3390/s18113797   DOI
17 Hodoson, T. O, "Root-mean-square error(RMSE) or mean absolute error(MAE): when to use them or not," Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 15, No. 14, pp. 5482-5483, Jul. 2022, DOI:10.5194/gmd-15-5481-2022   DOI