• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

본 연구는 임상 조건하에서 수정란이식의 효율성 증대를 위하여 이식 시술자 측면의 숙련도, 난이도, 소요시간, 주입 위치, 자궁의 출혈 및 위치 조절이 체외수정란이 이식된 수란우의 임신과 유산에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 임신율은 숙련된 시술자$(54.2\%)$, 자궁각 2/3 지점에 이식$(46.9\%)$ 및 위치 조절군$(52.9\%)$이 유의하게 높은 경향이었으나, 이식 난이도, 소요시간 및 출혈에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 한편 시술자 측의 요인에 따른 유산율은 유사한 경향이었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1997

The aim of present study was to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes for unexplained infertility. It has been apparent that reproductive success may be affected by the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. Unexplained infertility and repeated pregnancy wastage has been reported in the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. These data suffest that abnormal immune function may be an important pathologic entity contributing subfertility in patients with unexplained infertility. Therefore, immunotherapy may be a possible treatment modality for patients with unexplained infertility. Some investigators have reported that a proportion of infertile couples with repeatedly unsuccessful ET showed close histocompatibility similar to those of spontaneous recurrent abortion. Recently, it has been noted that immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes achieves a high efficacy in preventing subsequent abortion in women with primary recurrent abortion of unknown cause, which was mediated by immune reaction including blocking antibody. To substantiate the hypothesis, we applied immunotherapy preceding Peritoneal Oocyte and Sperme transfer (POST) to 43 patients, 47 cycles of 82 patients, 89 cycles with at least three previous IUI failure from April, 1993 to February, 1995. There were no significant differences between treatment and control group in clinical response and hormonal response to controlled hyperstimulation. there was no significant difference between treatment and control group in pregnant rates per cycles (42.6% versus 28.6%), but a significantly lower abortion rate per pregnancy in treatment group, with 10.0% (2/20) compared with 50.03% (6/12) in control group. This study may suggest that immune therapy for patients with unexplained infertility with paternal lymphocytes might be beneficial.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1984

The Family Planning Project as a birthcontrol policy has been enthusiastically carried out by the government since 1962. But gradually it get less enthusiastic. Therefore, it is required to establish a more comprehensive and systematic plan and to carry out it thoroughly. And it is needless to say that people's knowledge about family planning, their attitudes and their practice should be concretly comprehended. Taking these things into consideration, this study surveys the general situation on family planning among 237 married women of less than 34 years in Guro 6-dong, one of target areas for Korea University Health Project from Sep. 17, 1984 to Oct. 13, 1984. The results are as follows; 1) Most of the subjects (62.8%) want 2 children and 13.6% want one child. But son-preference consciousness is remarkably revealed among them, which is thought to cause social inequality between man and woman. Therefore, it needs to change the traditional son-preference convention, for equality of all men regardless of sex. 2) The rate of induced abortion experience by person is 61.6% and the average frequency is 1.4. Almost all the induced abortion are carried out at clinics and hospitals during 2~3 months after conception. To prevent these unnecessary conception and induced abortion in view of maternal health, ethics and economics, proper contraceptive measures should be emphasized. 3) Temporary contraceptives should be sold more widely in the basis of free trade in order to practice the intensive and comprehensive family planning because the degree which Health Center has been utilized for buying temporary contraceptives is low. 4) There are serious problems such as the side effects and the lack of follow up care in permanent contraceptives. Those lower the practice rate of permanent contraception. Therefore it is necessary to improve the quality of permanent contraception practice and strengthen the follow-up care.

• 한국인구학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-92
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• 1985

Fertility has been declined since 1966 (see Table 1). This fertility reduction was duely caused by age at first marriage, induced abortion and contraceptive practice which has been largely increased in recent years. Although tbe proximate determinant such as induced abortion, age at marriage and breastfeeding can and do have an effect on fertility, the principal cause of the reduction in fertility in Korea during the fertility transition can be supported by correlation between level of fertility and contraceptive prevalence (See Fig. 4). Taking a regression equation between fertility (TER. Y) and prevalence level (X), the total fertility rate in 1984 was estimated as 1.9 and 2.1 based on lenear and expotential function shown as follow; $Y_1$=5.709-0.0549 X and $Y_2$_______80________ 1+e2.433+0.017X ($R^2$=O. 93) ($R^2$=0. 96) Where $Y_1$ and $Y_2$ denote total fertility rates obtained through two equations respectivelly. The peak of contraceptive prevalence was assumdd as 80 percent which is almost upper limit in human society. On the other hand, an observed value of 1984 fertility level obtained from five month period shows 2.1 which is coincident with logistic fitting after the adjustment of response error assumed around 10 to 20 percent, At any rate, fertility of Korean women will have been reached replacement level (2.1) by 1985.Thus policy for family planning program must be reviewed toward the direction of integrated approach particularly with MCH program inasmuch as fertility in Korea has already shown population replacement level that require more good quality of service in family planning and their There must be an advanced level of fertility in Korea because wide use of contraception and induced life abortion and age at marriage will effect modern fertility which shows up and down trend between 2.1 and 1.5 in general.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2002

Objective s: Chromosome aneuploidy is associated with recurrent abortion and congenital anomaly and genetic diseases occur repeatedly in the specific families. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can prevent aneuploidy or genetic disease by selecting normal embryos before implantation and is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of PGD cycles by using FISH or PCR, and to determine the clinical usefulness and values in patients with risk of chromosomal aneuploidy or genetic disease. Materials and Methods: From 1995 to Apr. 2001, a total of 108 PGD cycles in 65 patients with poor reproductive outcome were analyzed. The indications of PGD were translocation (n=49), inversion (n=2), aneuploidy screening (n=7), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (n=5) and spinal muscular atrophy (n=2). PGD was applied due to the history of recurrent abortion, previous birth of affected child or risk of aneuploidy related to sex chromosome aneuploidy or old age. Blastomere biopsy was performed in 6$\sim$10 cell stage embryo after IVF with ICSI. In the single blastomere, chromosome aneuploidy was diagnosed by using FISH and PCR was performed for the diagnosis of exon deletion in DMD or SMA. Results: The FISH or PCR amplification was successful in 94.3% of biopsied blastomeres. The rate of transferable balanced emb ryos was 24.0% in the chromosome translocation and inversion, 57.1% for the DMD and SMA, and 28.8% for the aneuploidy screening. Overall hCG positive rate per transfer was 17.8% (18/101) and clinical pregnancy rate was 13.9% (14/101) (11 term pregnancy, 3 abortion, and 4 biochemical pregnancy). The clinical pregnancy rate of translocation and inversion was 12.9% (11/85) and abortion rate was 27.3% (3/11). In the DMD and SMA, the clinical pregnancy rate was 33.3% (3/9) and all delivered at term. The PGD results were confirmed by amniocentesis and were correct. When the embryos developed to compaction or morula, the pregnancy rate was higher (32%) than that of the cases without compaction (7.2%, p<0.01). Conclusions: PGD by using FISH or PCR is useful to get n ormal pregnancy by reducing spontaneous abortion associated with chromosome aneuploidy in the patients with structural chromosome aberration or risk of aneuploidy and can prevent genetic disease prior to implantation.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhuujori, Korean traditional non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present health status of chronic arthritis female patient who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at a hospital located in Seoul, Korea. A convenience sample of 64 women who orally agreed to be a participant and data were collected form October 1996 to May, 1997 for sis months by way of interview with semistructured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS pc program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants was 53.2 years and mean number of children was 3.1. Mean frequency of abortion was 2.1 times per woman. Seventy four percentage of respondents did not have Sanhujori after abortion. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 17.7, 15.2, 13.8 days from the first child to third child and shorter than that of general woman such as 20.0, 19.0, 17.3 days in the previous study. On the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori wrongly' was the highest rank in each child where as general woman 'did Sanhujori well' at the first child, 'moderate' at the second and third child and 'did Sanhujori wrongly' at the 4th and fifth child. The health status implies both subjective health status women perceived and the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress women are experiencing presently. The respondents of 82.5% perceived them as unhealthy or sick and 68.9% of women complained more than two symptoms. Mean number of physical symptom distress women complained was 2.33. The main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities 69.1% including knee and hand, whole body 19.1%, neck 3.7%, waist & shoulders 2.7% respectively. The characteristics of the symptoms were mostly pain 60%, swelling 19.8%, rigidity & deformity 7.9% respectively, sensation of heat 6.8% and weakness 1.7%. Women perceived the etiology of the chronic arthritis as stress 25.8%, 'did Sanhujori wrongly' & overwork 23.4% respectively, genetic 12.9%, malnutrition, 4.8%, and aging process 3.2%. There were significant positive correlation between subjective health status and the period of Sanhujori after delivery of the second child(r=-0.22) and negative correlation with the number of child at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=0.27). There were significant negative correlation between the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress and the subjective evaluation whether she did Sanhujori well or not at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=-0.23). And the rate of complaints of physical symptom distress in the group of women who experienced abortion was significantly higher than that of women who did not experience it at the level of 5% significance statistically(t=2.00) In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the possible relationship between health status of chronic arthritis female patient and the experience of Sanhujori after delivery & abortion. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to research further on the effects of Sanhujori on the health status, health recovery after abortion or delivery from the various aspects through the crosssectional and longitudinal research for the refinement of the reality of not only as cultural phenomenon but as conceptual model for the appropriateness of intervention and quality of care for desirable health outcomes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

본 연구는 체내, 체외 및 복제를 통하여 각각 생산된 배반포를 이식하여, 수란우의 수태율, 임신기간 및 유산율과 더불어 송아지의 생시 체중과 이후 생존율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 수태 을은 체내수정란이 56.3%로서 복제 수정란의 19.4%에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나 (p<0.05), 체외수정란의 30.0%와는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다 유산율과 임신기간은 처리군 간에 유사한 경향이었다(유산을 0, 22.2 및 16.7%; 임신기간 278.8, 289.4 및 281.4일). 한편 송아지의 체중은 복제수정란에서 유래된 송아지의 평균 39.9kg은 체내수정란에서 유래된 송아지의 평균 25.5kg에 비하여 유의하게 높았다.(p<0.05). 체내수정란이 수태된 수란우(n=9)는 모두 정상 분만하였으며, 그 송아지 는 생후 60일령까지 모두 생존하였다. 한편 체외수정란이 수태된 수란우(n=7)도 모두 정상 분만하였으나, 그 송아지 가운데 1두는 생후 48일에 사망하였다. 복제 수정란이 수태된 수란우(n=5)는 정상 분만 3두 및 제왕절개 2두를 하였다. 정상 분만된 복제송아지(n=3) 중에서 2두는 분만 직후 사망하였으나, 제왕절개로 태어난 송아지는 생후 60일까지 모두 생존하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1997

The effect of corticosteroid on the diabetic pregnant rats and their fetuses was investigated. Streptozotocin (STB) was injected into the pregnant rats on the fifth day of pregnancy. Dexamethasone (DXM) was injected into the pregnant rats on the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th days of pregnancy In prenatal rats, the body weight, an abortion rate, number of fetus, the ratio of lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) and the levels of blood glucose and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were determined. In the postnatal rats, the body weight, the levels of blood glucose, fetal number, stillbirth rate, an organ weight and the levels of hepatic glycogen, protein and triglyceride were determined. The body weight of fetuses was lower in the DXM group and higher in the STZ group than the those of control group. Blood glucose of fetuses produced hypoglycemia in the STZ group compared with the control group. A significant increase in the abortion and stillbirth rates was observed in STZ group. The levels of glycogen, protein and triglyceride in fetus liver and the weight of pancreas were significantly increased in the 572 and STZ+DXM groups compared with the control group. The L/S ratio and the level of PG in the amniotic (quid were significantly decreased in STZ group compared with the control group, whereas those of the STZ+DXM group were similar to the control group. It has been observed that corticosteroid administration on the STZ-induced diabetic rats during final stage of pregnancy can prevent the respiratory depression syndrome of neonatal rats.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

These days Women have repented their past when they were inactive in attaining their own rights and they've payed attentions in gaining their fundamental rights, especially health rights. The spread of contraception use is important to fulfill women's health right. There are a lot of meanings in the contraception use. It makes women can control their reproductive activities such as pregnancy, delivery, and raising children etc. It gives each woman has autonomy of her life. The review reveals high contraceptive rate and high experienced artificial abortion rate in Korea. It means Korean married couples use contraception inefficiently. From 1970's to 1980's, most of the researches in contraceptions were descriptive and survey studies. Since 1990's, the studies have researched in the feministic perspectives. In order to understand experiences of contraceptive behaviors, qualitative researches through indepth interview did. But the number of researches were limited. The relating factors to contraceptive behavior are knowledge, communication between couples, efficiency of contraceptives, self efficacy, attitudes toward contraception, national policy, mass media, public opinion, age, parity, abortion history, ever-used contraceptive method and educational level. Theses factors affect contraception directly and indirectly. Therefore. researches about contraceptives in the future must focus on development of contraceptive behavior assessment tools and further study should be comprehensive and multidementional.

• 한국의료윤리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.301-315
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• 2018

여성은 신체적 특징과 더불어 사회적으로 부과된 '모성'에 의해 임신과 출산, 그리고 양육의 과정에서 책임자로 위임되어 왔다. 특히 임신, 출산과 더불어 낙태 또한 자신의 몸에서 직접 체험하며, 그것으로 인해 삶에 가장 영향을 받는 대상도 여성이다. 그러나 정작 여성은 자신의 몸에 대한 자기결정권을 제대로 갖지 못하고 있다. 이른바 '생명옹호론 대 선택옹호론(pro-life vs. pro-choice)'의 낙태담론 구도 속에서 여성의 자기결정권이란 애초에 '생명존중'에 비해 하위의 것으로 치부되어 왔다. 더욱이 최근 우리사회에서 저출산 위기론이 대두되면서 낙태 처벌이 강화되고 여성의 자율적 결정이나 권리 행사는 더욱 억압되는 상황으로 치닫고 있다. 그런데 일련의 이러한 과정에서 비장애여성과 장애여성 사이에 이중 잣대의 부당함마저 존재한다. 즉 여성들 사이에서 몸의 차등화가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 낙태에서 여성, 특히 장애여성의 자기결정권 문제를 센의 역량 접근 관점에서 고찰한다. 낙태는 개인적이면서도 동시에 사회적인 문제로서 단순히 낙태 허용 여부만이 아니라 임신과 출산, 양육 등과 함께 총체적인 관점에서 조망되어야 하기 때문이다. 결론적으로 낙태에서 장애여성의 자기결정권에 관한 역량 접근은 다음과 같은 윤리적 함의를 기대할 수 있다. 첫째, 장애여성이 처한 다양한 상황적 변수들을 자기결정권 개념 안에 함께 구성하도록 요청한다. 둘째, 장애여성의 실질적 자기결정권의 행사를 위해 개인과 공동체의 연대적 관계를 지향한다. 셋째, 포괄적인 장애여성의 권리로서 '재생산 권리'의 담론으로 확장시킨다.