• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2007

The factors and mechanisms by infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi caused disease are not well understood. The onset of tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by chilliness, fever, malaise, headache and generalized aching. Infection of tsutsugamushi is the cause of impairment of function of a major organ often complicate the picture and immediately change the prognosis for the worse. Tsutsugamushi disease is reported that this disease is characterized by the histopathogenesis of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the variation of biochemical components in serum of tsutsugamushi disease patient are not clear. We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLD), cholesterol (CHOL) and total bilirubin (TB) in sera of patients with tsutsugamushi disease. In comparison with reference, total protein and albumin were abnormally decreased in 19.6% and 39.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, UN, glucose, cholesterol and total bilirubin were abnormally increased in 94.1 %, 72.5%, 25.5%, 15.7%, 9.8%, 62.7%, 25.5% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. The patients showed abnormal relative rate of protein electrophoretic fractions to total protein in serum compared to them of reference were 43.1% (albumin), 12.9% ($\alpha_1$-globulin), 58.8% ($\alpha_2$-globulin), 60.8% ($\beta$-globulin) and 70.6% ($\gamma$-globulin), respectively. These data suggest that infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi causes impairment of function of a major organ and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis fractions to tsutsugamushi patients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.4662-4679
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• 2015

Currently, the leakage of internal information has emerged as one of the most significant security concerns in enterprise computing environments. Especially, damage due to internal information leakage by insiders is more serious than that by outsiders because insiders have considerable knowledge of the system's identification and password (ID&P/W), the security system, and the main location of sensitive data. Therefore, many security companies are developing internal data leakage prevention techniques such as data leakage protection (DLP), digital right management (DRM), and system access control, etc. However, these techniques cannot effectively block the leakage of internal information by insiders who have a legitimate access authorization. The security system does not easily detect cases which a legitimate insider changes, deletes, and leaks data stored on the server. Therefore, we focused on the insider as the detection target to address this security weakness. In other words, we switched the detection target from objects (internal information) to subjects (insiders). We concentrated on biometrics signals change when an insider conducts abnormal behavior. When insiders attempt to leak internal information, they appear to display abnormal emotional conditions due to tension, agitation, and anxiety, etc. These conditions can be detected by the changes of biometrics signals such as pulse, temperature, and skin conductivity, etc. We carried out experiments in two ways in order to verify the effectiveness of the emotional recognition technology based on biometrics signals. We analyzed the possibility of internal information leakage detection using an emotional recognition technology based on biometrics signals through experiments.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

HaCaT cells are the immortalized human keratinocytes and have been extensively used to study the epidermal homeostasis and its pathophysiology. T helper cells play a role in various chronic dermatological conditions and they can affect skin barrier homeostasis. To evaluate whether HaCaT cells can be used as a model cell system to study abnormal skin barrier development in various dermatologic diseases, we analyzed the gene expression profile of epidermal differentiation markers of HaCaT cells in response to major T helper (Th) cell cytokines, such as $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-22. The gene transcriptional profile of cornified envelope-associated proteins, such as filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin and keratin 10 (KRT10), in HaCaT cells was generally different from that in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs). This suggests that HaCaT cells have a limitation as a model system to study the pathophysiological mechanism associated with the Th cell cytokine-dependent changes in cornified envelope-associated proteins which are essential for normal skin barrier development. In contrast, the gene transcription profile change of human ${\beta}2$-defensin (HBD2) in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A in HaCaT cells was consistent with the expression pattern of NHKs. $IFN{\gamma}$ also up-regulated transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) gene transcription in both HaCaT cells and NHKs. As an alternative cell culture system for NHKs, HaCaT cells can be used to study molecular mechanisms associated with abnormal HBD2 and TGM2 expression in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

Purpose: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mild to moderate myopia patients to evaluate the benefit of taking a nutrient supplement containing anthocyanoside oligomers for improving nocturnal visiual function and/or clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects included have refractive error between -lD(Diopters) $\~$-8D in both eyes, symptoms of decreased night vision and asthenopia based on the scoring result of a pre-structured questionnaire, and abnormal results of mesopic contrast sensitivity(MCS) screening test showing abnormal curve of contrast sensitivity in the middle and high frequency level, between 6.0 and 30.0 CPD(Cycles per degree) at mesopic condition(-2$\~$0 log cd/$m^2$). Total 60 people who qualified the criteria above were enrolled and the subjects were instructed to take the investigational product (anthocyanoside or placebo) twice daily for a 4 week period. The enrolled subjects were investigated for nocturnal vision performance by MCS and clinical symptoms at their first visit and re-evaluated at post-intervention (4 weeks later). MCS was measured and improvement of contrast threshold level according to each CPD was calculated by subtracting initial values from final values. Age, refractive error, and MCS were compared between the placebo and anthocyanoside. Results: After 4 weeks of drug administration 22 of the anthocyanoside group showed symptom improvement compared to 1 of the placebo group (p=0.000). Contrast sensitivity levels according to each CPD before and after drug treatment showed significant improvement in the anthocyanoside group but not in the placebo group. Mean MCS change of anthocyanoside group is 2.41$\pm$1.91 which showed significant improvement compared to -0.40$\pm$2.47 of the placebo group(p=0.000). MCS changes of anthocyanoside group showed significant improvement compared to placebo group in all levels of CPD(p<0.05). During our investigation none of the subjects complained of specific side effects related to anthocyanoside use. Conclusion: Our results show that under careful selection of people with significant symptoms and definite MCS abnormalities, anthocyanoside oligomers may improve the subjective symptoms and objective MCS results.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Background: Bell's palsy (BP) is a self-limited rapid onset facial palsy that is non-life-threatening and has a generally favorable prognosis. Facial paralysis can be caused by numerous conditions, all of which should be excluded before the diagnosis of BP is reached. The etiopathogenesis and clinical course of BP are uncertain. So we analyzed the epidemiology and clinical course of BP patients. Methods: The subjects include 100 cases of BP examined during the period of 18 months. Careful clinical history, neurologic examinations, laboratory tests, electrophysiologic studies, and brain imaging were performed. Follow-up examinations were done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 3 months. Facial nerve function was assessed by House-Brackman (HB) facial nerve grading scale and electrophysiologic studies. Results: Except 13 recurrent BP patients, we analyzed 87 BP patients. Forty-four (50.6%) were men and 43(49.4%) were women and the mean age was 51.0(${\pm}16.6$) years. Three (3.4%) patients showed a familial tendency. The initial examination within 1 week after attack revealed 35.2% was below HB grade 4 and 64.8% was above grade 3. The associated symptoms are as follows; postauricular pain, increase tear flow, taste change, hyperacusis and drooling. The initial facial nerve conduction study and blink reflex within 1 week after attack showed abnormal findings in 12.6% and 100%, respectively. Brain MRI was performed in 59(67.8%) patients and showed abnormal enhancement of affected nerve in 57(96.6%). Follow-up examination showed that 78.2% of the patients partially improved within 4 weeks and completely improved within 3 months. Finally 80.5% of the total patients obtained normal function in 3 months. Conclusions: We report epidemiologic, clinical, electrophysiologic and radiologic characteristics of BP patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lift to the shoe of the affected limb on gait patterns in subjects with hemiplegia. The subjects of this study were 18 post-stroke hemiplegics. For the study, insole of the paretic side was lifted 10mm higher, and duration of static weight bearing, dynamic weight bearing and stance phase were measured from one cycle of the gait, before and after the lift application. For the measurement of carry-over effect of lift, we got data of those three items prior to and 3 weeks after lift application and 3 days after removal of the lift. Static weight bearing was significantly increased both just after and continuous application of lift for 3 weeks than before. Dynamic weight bearing was significantly decreased in heel contact and footflat phases only when just after application of the lift, without any change after 3 weeks application. In heel-off phase, dynamic weight bearing did not show any significant difference between before and just after application of lift whereas significantly decreased after 3 weeks application. Duration of stance phase was not changed among anytime of application. According to this study, lift applied to the shoe of the peretic limb was effective in inducing static weight bearing in the paretic limb, but did not significantly effect dynamic weight bearing on gait patterns. This study suggests that symmetry, induced by shoe lift applied to the paretic limb, could help correct abnormal posture that would be caused in standing and prevent development of abnormal muscle tone in subjects with hemiplegia caused by unilateral stroke.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

Adenoviral vectors are among the most promising vectors available for human gene therapy. However, the use of recombinant adenoviral vectors, including replicationcompetent adenovirus (RCA), raises a variety of safety concerns in relation to the development of new therapies based on gene therapy. To examine how organic compounds change in rat plasma following the injection of adenovirus, $\beta$-galactosidase expressing recombinant adenovirus (designated rAdLacZ) or RCA, we investigated the content of fatty acids (FAs), which are important biochemical indicators in pathological conditions. Pattern recognition analysis on the level of FAs in rat plasma is described for the visual discrimination of adenovirus infection groups from normal controls. Plasma FAs from four control rats (normal group), and from four rats with rAdLacZ infection and six rats with RCA infection (the two abnormal groups), were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring modes as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. In total, 20 FAs were positively detected and quantified. The results of the Student's t-test on the normal mean of two abnormal groups, the levels of three FAs (p<0.05) from rAdLacZ group and eleven FAs (p<0.05) from RCA group were significantly different. When star symbol plotting was applied to the group mean values of 20 FAs after normalization to the corresponding normal mean values, the resulting eicosagonal star patterns of the two infected groups were distorted into similar shapes, but were distinguishable from each other. Thus, these approaches will be useful for screening and monitoring of diagnostic markers for the effects of infection following the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 스팸메일에 나타나는 스팸성 자질과 URL 자질의 공동 학습을 이용한 최대엔트로피모델 기반 스팸 필터 시스템을 제안한다. 스팸성 자질은 스패머들이 스팸메일에 인위적으로 넣는 강조 패턴이나 필터 시스템을 통과하기 위해 비정상적으로 변형시킨 단어들을 말한다. 스팸성 자질 외에 반복적으로 나타나는 URL과 비정상적인 URL도 자질로 사용하였다. 메일에 나타난 정상적인 URL과 필터 시스템을 피하기 위해 변형된 비정상적인 URL들이 스팸 메일을 걸러내는데 도움을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 스팸성 자질과 URL자질을 이용한 공동 학습을 하였다. 공동 학습은 학습 과정에서 두 자질을 독립적으로 이용한 비지도 학습 방법으로 정답을 모르는 문서를 이용할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 실험을 통해 스팸성 자질과 URL을 이용함으로써 스팸 필터 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였으며 두 자질 집합을 이용한 공동 학습이 필요한 학습 문서의 수를 감소시키면서, 정확도는 일괄 학습 정확도에 근접한다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Purpose: Drug-induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema has been reported on in a drug case series. For most of the agents that cause pulmonary edema, the pathogenic mechanisms that are responsible for the pulmonary edema remain unknown. We report here on the cases of suspected drug-induced pulmonary edema and we analyze the clinical characteristics. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1,345 patients who had drug adverse effects and drug poisoning from January 2005 to July 2010, and 480 of these patients were admitted to the EM Department. Among them, 17 patients developed abnormal chest radiological findings and they were analyzed for any clinical characteristics, the initial symptoms, securing the airway and the clinical results. Results: Seventeen patients out of 480 (3.54%) developed drug-induced abnormal chest radiographic pulmonary edema; they displayed initial symptoms that included mental change (41.2%), dyspnea (17.6%), vomiting (11.8%), etc, and some displayed no symptoms at all (11.8%). Only 3 patients out of the 11 who died or had severe pulmonary edema were able to obtain an advanced airway prior to their arrival to the EM Department. Clinical recovery was generally rapid and this was mostly completed within 6 hours. The mortality rate was 11.8% (2 of 17 patients), and the causative drugs were found to be propofol (35.3%, 6 of 17 patients), multiple drugs (41.2% or 7 out of 17) and one patient each with ephedrine, ethylene glycol, doxylamine and an unknown drug, respectively. Conclusion: Drug-induced pulmonary edema and deaths are not uncommon, and recovery is typically rapid with few long-term sequelae when drug administration is discontinued. Oxygen therapy and securing the airway must be performed during transportation for patients with pulmonary edema.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2021

최근 건설공사에서 근로기준법의 개정, 이상 기후의 증가로 인한 작업가능일수의 감소와 비작업일수의 증가에도 불구하고 이를 반영한 표준 건설공사기간이 마련되어 있지 않다. 이로 인해 현장에서 적정공사기간을 산정하더라도 예기치 못한 상황에 의해 공기지연이 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 방식에 건설 제반여건의 변화와 기후변화를 반영한 철도 교량공사의 비작업일수 산정방법을 제시하고, 이 산정방법을 철도 교량공사에 반영하여 전국의 지역별·월별 비작업일수를 산정하였다. 그 결과, 국내의 지역별·월별 비작업일수를 도출하였고, 이를 통해 지역적 특성과 공종별 특성을 반영한 정확한 공사기간의 규정 및 기준의 필요성을 제시했다.