• 센서학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2020

It is difficult to control children who exhibit negative behavior in dental clinics. Various methods are used for preventing pediatric dental patients from being afraid and for eliminating the factors that cause psychological anxiety. However, when it is difficult to apply this routine behavioral control technique, sedation therapy is used to provide quality treatment. When the sleep anesthesia treatment is performed at the dentist's clinic, it is challenging to identify emergencies using the current breath detection method. When a dentist treats a patient that is under the influence of an anesthetic, the patient is unconscious and cannot immediately respond, even if the airway is blocked, which can cause unstable breathing or even death in severe cases. During emergencies, respiratory instability is not easily detected with first aid using conventional methods owing to time lag or noise from medical devices. Therefore, abnormal breathing needs to be evaluated in real-time using an intuitive method. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying abnormal breathing in real-time using an intuitive method. Respiration signals were measured using a 3M Littman electronic stethoscope when the patient's posture was supine. The characteristics of the signals were analyzed by applying the signal processing theory to distinguish abnormal breathing from normal breathing. By applying a short-time Fourier transform to the respiratory signals, the frequency range for each patient was found to be different, and the frequency of abnormal breathing was distributed across a broader range than that of normal breathing. From the wavelet transform, time-frequency information could be identified simultaneously, and the change in the amplitude with the time could also be determined. When the difference between the amplitude of normal breathing and abnormal breathing in the time domain was very large, abnormal breathing could be identified.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

본 논문은 국내에서 소방관이 사용하고 있는 공기호흡기용 압축공기를 분석하였으며, 공기호흡기를 착용하는 진압대원 및 구조대원을 대상으로 공기호흡기 사용실태에 대한 설문을 받아 분석함으로서 문제점을 파악하고, 국내 및 선진 외국의 압축공기에 기준을 비교ㆍ검토하였다. 설문조사 결과 전체 응답자의 약 75% 이상이 공기호흡기를 착용 후 간단한 이상증상이 있었으며, 이상증상을 호소한 사람들은 '페스꺼움' 과 '두통'을 가장 많이 호소하였다. 한편, 관리적인 측면에서는 콤프레서 필터의 유지ㆍ관리가 잘 안되고 있었다. 현재 국내에서 소방대원이 사용하고 있는 공기호흡기 호흡용 압축공기는 공업용 공기와 별다를 바없이 사용되고 있었으나, 유럽, 캐나다 및 미국과 같은 선진국의 경우 소방관이 착용하는 공기호흡기 호흡용 압축공기의 조성에 대한 별도의 규정이 있다. 국내에서 사용 중인 압축공기를 공기분석기를 이용하여 성분분석을 행한 결과 모든 시료에 있어서 수분의 함량은 국제적인 기준에 못미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2019

구호흡을 야기하는 가장 흔한 원인은 상기도의 폐쇄이다. 구호흡은 수면호흡장애의 병인론적 원인이 될 수 있으며, 어린이에서 수면호흡장애는 성장장애와 행동학적 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 구호흡 어린이에서 수면호흡장애와 상기도와의 관계를 조사하고자 함에 있다. 초진 설문지에서 구호흡이 있다고 응답한 7 - 9세의 20명 남자 어린이를 대상으로 하였다. 편도평가, 구호흡 및 수면호흡장애와 관련된 설문지, 측모두부 방사선사진, 그리고 휴대용 간이수면검사를 시행하였다. 수면호흡장애에 대한 평가로 무호흡-저호흡 지수(apnea-hypopnea index, AHI), 산소불포화 지수(oxygen desaturation index, ODI)와 측모두부 방사선 사진을 통해 측정한 상기도 폭경과의 관계를 평가하였다. 상기도 부위 중 후구개 거리와 후설 거리는 무호흡-저호흡 지수와 산소불포화 지수가 커질수록 좁아지는 경향을 보였다(p = 0.002, p = 0.001). 또한, 편도의 크기와는 유의한 상관관계는 없었지만, 아데노이드 비대율의 경우 무호흡-저호흡 지수가 비정상군이 정상군에 비해 아데노이드가 비대하였다(p = 0.008). 이 연구결과를 통해 구호흡이 상기도에 영향을 미칠 수 있고 이는 수면호흡장애까지 연관될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

Using stretch sensors, a stuttering treatment training device that improve the abnormal breathing of stutterer was designed and developed. To improve stutterer's inadequate breathing method that is one of principal reason of stammering, the device estimates breathing method by checking the changes of the stretch sensor's resistances those are put on the chest and abdomen of user. And a vocal exercise program that carry out exercises only when the user maintains the abdominal breathing was designed. Using a PIC16C711 device that includes an A/D convertor, a main controller was designed and the vocal exercises software was developed using Director and C program with graphic user interface for user convenience. The controller sends the resistance data of sensors to PC through the serial port and the software verifies the breathing method. And the device was designed that the RTS (request to send) pin of serial port in PC is used as a power source so that it can work without any battery or other power source. Three stutterers have carried out the clinical experiments using the implemented device for two months and the results showed it was excellent to alleviate the stuttering.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2019

In pediatric thoracic CT, respiratory motion is generally treated as a motion artifact degrading the image quality. Conversely, respiratory motion in the thorax can be used to answer important clinical questions, that cannot be assessed adequately via conventional static thoracic CT, by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) CT. However, clinical experiences of 4D thoracic CT are quite limited. In order to use 4D thoracic CT properly, imagers should understand imaging techniques, radiation dose optimization methods, and normal as well as typical abnormal imaging appearances. In this article, the imaging techniques of pediatric thoracic 4D CT are reviewed with an emphasis on radiation dose. In addition, several clinical applications of pediatric 4D thoracic CT are addressed in various thoracic functional abnormalities, including upper airway obstruction, tracheobronchomalacia, pulmonary air trapping, abnormal diaphragmatic motion, and tumor invasion. One may further explore the clinical usefulness of 4D thoracic CT in free-breathing children, which can enrich one's clinical practice.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1750-1755
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• 2019

Background: Most of the previous researches on the abnormality of breathing pattern have focused on the silence of functional movements owing to such abnormality, however, have not been clearly identified the relationship between the abnormal breathing pattern on one hand and kinesiophobia and flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) on the other hand. Objective: To compare patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy person in the abnormality of breathing pattern, kinesiophobia, and FRP during flexion and extension of the trunk. Design: Case-control study. Methods: The research subjects consisted of a group of 15 healthy adults and another group of 15 patients with CLBP. Capnography was used to measure the endtidal $CO_2$ ($EtCO_2$) and respiratory quotient (RQ). The muscle activity of multifidus and erector spinae of the subjects was measured during flexion and extension of the trunk to identify their FRP. The Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) were utilized to measure their breathing patterns and kinesiophobia, respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was conducted in order to analyze the normal distribution of the measured data. Their general characteristics were identified by the descriptive statistics and the independent t-test was performed to identify the differences between the two groups in terms of abnormality of breathing pattern, kinesiophobia, and FRP. The level of significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The patients with CLBP had significantly less $EtCO_2$ and shorter breathing hold time (BHT) than normal healthy person (p<.05). The patient with CLBP also had significantly greater kinesiophobia than healthy person (p<.05), and had less FRP than the healthy person (p<.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that the CLBP had greater abnormality of breathing pattern and kinesiophobia with less FRP than healthy person.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 가슴 가동성 제한을 가지고 있는 대상자에게 가슴 가동성 운동이 가슴 가동성, 호흡 패턴 및 호흡 용량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 13명의 가슴 가동성 제한을 가진 남/녀 대상자를 대상으로 가슴 가동성 운동(갈비뼈 가동성 운동)을 시행하여 가슴 가동성, 호흡 패턴 및 호흡량에 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 알아보았다. 가슴 가동성 운동 전/후에 연구 참여 대상자의 가슴 가동성(들숨-날숨 간 가슴 확장 길이 측정), 호흡 패턴 형태(가슴 움직임 수직 이동거리 측정) 및 호흡량(forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second)을 측정하였다. 가슴 가동성, 호흡 패턴 및 호흡 용량을 비교하기 위하여 짝-검정을 사용하였다. 통계적 유의성 검정을 위한 유의수준은 .05였다. 결과 : 가슴 가동성과 호흡 패턴은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있지만, 호흡 용량은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p < .05). 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 갈비뼈 가동화 기법을 이용한 가슴 가동성 운동은 가슴 가동성 개선과 가슴 올림이 유발되는 비정상적인 호흡 패턴을 정상화시킬 수 있는 방법이라고 여겨진다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

It has been controversial whether upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a distinct syndrome or not since it was reported in 1993. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classified UARS under obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in 2005. UARS can be diagnosed when the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is fewer than 5 events per hour, the simultaneously calculated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) is more than 5 events per hour due to abnormal non-apneic non-hypopneic respiratory events accompanying respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs), and oxygen saturation is greater than 92% at termination of an abnormal breathing event. Although esophageal pressure measurement remains the gold standard for detecting subtle breathing abnormality other than hypopnea and apnea, nasal pressure transducer has been most commonly used. RERAs include phase A2 of cyclical alternating patterns (CAPs) associated with EEG changes. Symptoms of OSAS can overlap with UARS, but chronic insomnia tends to be more common in UARS than in OSAS and clinical symptoms similar with functional somatic syndrome are also more common in UARS. In this journal, diagnostic and clinical differences between UARS and OSAS are reviewed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.339-342
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• 1999

The equation of output voltage from the PVDF was derived. When impact force applied to the PVDF films of cantilever beam and one-end fixed, other-end supported beam structure, output voltage equation induced. Experimental output voltages by falling ball agreed quite well with induced theoretical data. This PVDF film showers to be in high possibility in a warning system of abnormal pulse rate and breathing, and in detecting impact force and/or mechanical energy.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제49호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

In this paper, we make a study of classification normal from abnormal - normal, asthma through analysis of thoracic sound to take use thoracic sound detection system. Thoracic sound detection system has a function to store thoracic sound and analyze the data. The wave shape of thoracic sound is similar to noise and is systematically generated by inhalation and exhalation breathing, therefore, in this paper, to classify asthma sound in thoracic sound, we could discriminate between normal and abnormal case using level crossing rate(LCR) and spectrogram energy rate.