• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2009

It is possible to obtain accurate temperature and salinity profiles of the oceans using a SBE 911plus CTD and accompanying data conversion packages. To obtain highly accurate results, CTD data needs to be carefully processed in addition to proper and regular maintenance of the CTD itself. Since the manufacturer of the CTD provides tools that are necessary for post processing, it is possible to conduct proper processing without too much effort. Some users, however, are not familiar with all of the processes and inadvertently ignore some of these processes at the expense of data quality. To draw attention to these and other similar issues, we show how it is possible to improve data quality by utilizing a few extra processes to the standard or default data process procedures with CTD data obtained from the equatorial Eastern Pacific between 2001 and 2005, and 2007. One easy step that is often ignored in the standard data process procedure is "wild edit", which removes abnormal values from the raw data. If those abnormal values are not removed, the abnormality could spread vertically during subsequent processes and produce abnormal salinity in a range much wider than that of the raw data. To remove spikes in salinity profiles the "align CTD" procedure must be carried out not with the default values included in the data processing software but with a proper time constant. Only when "cell thermal mass" correction is conducted with optimal parameters, we can reduce the difference between upcast and downcast, and obtain results that can satisfy the nominal accuracy of the CTD.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

회전익 항공기의 충돌방지등은 항공기 운용 중 충돌을 방지하기 위한 목적으로 사용되며, 비행 안전성을 확보하기 위한 핵심 구성품이다. 한국형 기동헬기(KUH)의 충돌방지등은 상부등과 하부등으로 구성되며, 충돌방지등 전원공급기와 항공기에 함께 장착되어 운용된다. 그리고 충돌방지등은 밝기 조절 및 선택적 점등이 가능한 이중 구조로 설계되었다. 항공기 납품 후 운용 과정에서 충돌방지등의 이상점 등이 발생하였고, 이러한 현상을 해소하기 위하여 항공기 체계/구성품 단위의 종합 검토를 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 충돌방지등의 이상점등이 발생한 원인을 분석하였고, 설계 개선방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 설계 개선방안에 대한 타당성을 구성품 및 항공기 체계 지상 및 비행시험으로 입증하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2008

This paper presents the surface defect analysis based on the experimental investigation of scribed glasses. The scribing process by a diamond wheel cutter is widely used as a reliable and inexpensive method for sizing of glass sheets. The wheel cutter generates a small median crack on the glass surface, which is then propagated through the glass thickness for complete separation. The surface contour patterns in which are formed during a scribing process are strongly related to wheel cutter parameters such as wheel tip surface finish, tip angle and wheel diameter, and cutting process parameters such as scribing pressure, speed and tooling technique. The scribed surface of a glass sheet provides normal Wallner lines, which represent regular median cracks and crack propagation in glass thickness, and abnormal surface roughness patterns. In this experimental study, normal and abnormal surface topographic patterns are classified based on the surface defect profiles of scribed glass sheets. A normal surface of a scribed glass sheet shows regular Wallner lines with deep median cracks. But some specimens of scribed glass sheets show that abnormal surface profiles of glass sheets in two pieces are represented by a chipping, irregular surface cracks in depth, edge cracks, and combined crack defects. These surface crack patterns are strongly related to easy breakage of the scribed glass imposed by external forces. Thus the scribed glass with abnormal crack patterns should be removed during a quality control process based on the surface defect classification method as demonstrated in this study.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2005

This study investigated the biochemical changes of abnormal fruiting bodies grown under artificial environmental conditions in P. ostreatus. Abnormal mushroom growth during cultivation damages the production of good quality mushroom. This study showed that different environmental conditions produced morphological changes in the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus. The fruiting bodies with morphological changes were collected and examined for differences in biochemical properties, enzyme activities, and carbohydrates composition. The enzyme activities assay showed that glucanase and chitinase activities decreased when the temperature was below or above the optimum cultivation temperature for P. ostreatus. The biochemical compositions of the abnormal mushroom were significantly different from the normal fruiting bodies. It was suggested that the changes in the biochemical composition of abnormal mushroom were caused by the unfavorable environmental conditions during mushroom cultivation.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2006

서비스거부 공격 또는 분산서비스거부 공격과 같이 단시간 동안 대량의 비정상 트래픽이 발생하였을 경우, 이에 대응하기 위한 기법들에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 본 논문에서는 비정상 트래픽에 대응하기 위한 대표적인 기법들인 공격차단 기법과 공격경감 기법을 이론적으로 비교한 내용을 보이고자 한다. 공격차단 기법은 일반적으로 필터링 규칙을 기반으로 특정 네트워크로 유입된 네트워크 트래픽에 대해 통과 또는 차단을 실시하는 기법을 의미한다. 그리고 공격경감 기법은 트래픽 전송경로 상에 존재하는 라우터에서 각 라우터들이 가지고 있는 비정상 트래픽 정보를 기반으로 해당 트래픽에 대해 필터링 작업을 실시하거나, 목적지 네트워크의 게이트웨이 상에서 유입된 트래픽의 서비스품질을 제어하는 방법으로 비정상 트래픽에 대해 대응 작업을 실시하는 기법을 의미한다. 비교 기준으로는 공격탐지루틴이 동작한 후, 통과하는 정상 트래픽과 오탐지 트래픽 비율로 하며, 공격경감 기법에 사용할 수 있는 구체적인 트래픽 대역폭 비율을 추가로 보이도록 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.702-707
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• 1999

A percoll density gradient technique was developed for producing high quality turkey semen and improving the fertility by removing deleterious cellular components, including spermiophages, bacteria, abnormal or dead spermatozoa, and other cellular debris. The combination of three different percoll densities, 1.05, 1.07, and 1.08 showed the best resolution and was selected to prepare a discontinuous percoll density gradient to obtain healthy spermatozoa from semen smples. Bacteria, spermiophages, and abnormal or dead spermatozoa were detected from the density range from 1.05, 1.05 to 1.07, and 1.07 to 1.08, respectively. Healthy spermatozoa were collected from the density greater than 1.08. Spermatozoa obtained from percoll density gradient centrifugation showed better sperm motility than those from unprocessed pooled semen. Bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus spp., were predominant contaminants in turkey semen, and the numbers of cells were approximately $5{\times}10^5$ to $1{\times}10^9cfu/ml$. The overall fertility rates in hens inseminated with processed percoll density gradient were higher than those in hens with unprocessed semen especially for unhealthy sperm. In conclusion, semen quality can be improved by percoll density gradient centrifugation, which augmented the fertility of turkey breeders.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop an engine oil quality monitoring system to warn the abnormal condition of engine oil. To do this, first of all, it is needed a personal controller development to measure the capacitance of a pre-developed engine oil deterioration detection sensor integrated with an oil filter. To measure the capacitance of engine oil in the sensor, it is used the way measuring the electric charging time in a capacitor by impressing DC volt. This method has merits on cost and signal stability. The measured capacitance is compensated by comparing with the one measured by an impedance analyzer. Also, using the dielectric constant gained by an impedance analyzer, the calculating equation of the dielectric constant of engine oil related with the currently developed sensor is decided. Then, the deterioration degree of engine oil is estimated according to the change rate of dielectric constant between green oil and used oil. Finally, using this dielectric constant information together with engine oil temperature and pressure, the currently developed engine oil quality monitoring system is to tell the abnormal state of engine oil.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3101-3103
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• 2016

Background: According to the most recent estimation of GLOBOCAN, Cambodia has the highest incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Southeast Asia. A screen-and-treat strategy using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA test) and cryotherapy has been implemented in Cambodia's national cervical cancer screening program since 2013. However, where resources are available, cervical cytology with or without high-risk HPV DNA testing is the preferred screening method used in this country. Aim: This study aims to calculate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and explain the possible factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology among women participating in a hospital-based cervical cancer screening program in Cambodia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using information from the cytology and pathology database in the Department of Pathology of Calmette Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015. Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, based on the Bethesda 2001 classification, was calculated. Data on the adequacy of cytological specimens were analyzed in order to explain the factors contributing to a reduced quality of cervical cytology interpretation. Results: Among 6,207 women who participated in the cervical cancer screening program at Calmette Hospital during 2012 and 2015, 388 (6.25%) had abnormal cytology, which could be classified into Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (92 cases; 1.48%), Atypical Squamous Cells - Cannot Exclude High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (13 cases; 0.21%), Atypical Glandular Cells (11 cases; 0.18%), Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (221 cases; 3.56%), High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (26 cases; 0.42%), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (25 cases; 0.40%). Unsatisfactory smears made up 12.2% of the total cases. The most frequently identified factor leading to unsatisfactory smears was the absence of cells from the transformation zone. Conclusions: The present study showed an overall prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology of 6.25%, which is comparable to that in many large population-based studies in the Asia Pacific region. Nevertheless, the remarkably high rate of unsatisfactory smears in this study justifies further improvement in specimen sampling among Cambodian gynecologists.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.107-109
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• 2006

The additional matters appear to be considered in several aspects for building up power-quality measuring system of transmission system(high voltage system) compared to distribution system(middle or low voltage system). Like in distribution system, input signals are also received from PT and CT source of voltage and current respectively in transmission system and applied in accordance with a certain rate. In this case, very big error rate can be occurred according to the specification of the measuring system as the applying rate is bigger than in distribution system beyond comparison. In addition, when the abnormal signal occurred such as sag/swell, interruption, transient etc., power quality of other sites linked to the system also should be checked to find the accurate cause of the abnormal power-quality signals from the corresponding site. Accordingly, the accurate diagnosis on the condition of Power quality for the system depends on the way how the synchronization system is brought along for each site. This paper will suggest the solution for the most effective system building focused on how to solve the problem of the error rate and synchronization described in the above when building up the measuring system of power quality for transmission system.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate of Quality of life and Mibyeong index of abnormal symptoms by Sasang constitution. Methods A total of 1,100 people were recruited into this study and were collected by Gallup Korea. Sasang constitutions were diagnosed based on KS-15 (Korean sasang constitutional diagnostic questionnaire) Questionnaire which comprised body type, personality and symptom. In addition, SF-12 (Shot form-12) questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life status. Mibyeong status was categorized through Mibyeong tool. Data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA to investigate the difference between quality of life and Mibyeong index on Sasang constitution. Results The PCS (physical component scale) which represents the physical health index and MCS (mental component scale) which represents mental health index showed significant differences among Sasang constitution (p<.001). In addition, The Mibyeong Index (p<.001) which represents abnormal symptom type showed significant difference for Sasang constitution. As for the Mibyeong, only pain (p=0.047) and fatigue (p=0.021) had changes for the Sasang constitution. Conclusions Quality of life and Mibyeong index vary significantly according to Sasang constitution. This results suggest the analysis of Mibyeong index by Sasang constitution could provide the setting of direction to promote public health depending on Sasang constitution.