• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2021

A burst fracture refers to the fracture of the anterior and middle vertebral columns which are moving into the spinal canal causing neurological impairments, generally requiring surgical treatment. We herein report a rare case of burst fracture with kissing spine in a 90-year-old man who had severe lower back pain that worsened during back extension. Considering the surgical treatment risk, he was hospitalized at a Korean medicine hospital for 85 days and underwent combined Korean medicine treatments including pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, chuna, deep-fascia meridian therapy, walking practice, and abdominal breathing. Based on patient-reported scales, his pain was alleviated, and his physical function improved. Furthermore, his range of motion and walking time increased. This case report suggests that combined Korean medicine treatments could be an effective alternative for patients with burst fracture who have surgery risks.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.968-976
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• 2012

This study presents a new method called the SPMP (Semi-automatic profile measuring program) to efficiently measure body shape in elderly women. SPMP can automatically measure the angle of axis (19 items), surface (17 items), lengths (14 items), heights (16 items), widths (13 items), and depth (6 items). In total these 85 items are automatically measured very quickly, accurately, and easily after manually marking an initial 36 points. The utility of SPMP was evaluated using several tests. When SPMP measuring results were compared with manual methods (using a ruler and protractor) in thirteen elderly women using a paired t-test, there was no significant difference found between them. Furthermore, when measurements from SPMP were compared with actual measurement results in selected items from seven elderly women's measurements, smaller mean differences were found than those defined by ISO 20685, with the exception of the abdominal area which moves easily with breathing. Seven independent measurements of a single elderly woman were made by seven students using SPMP, and the values of coefficient of variation were less than 5% for all but 8 items. Finally, this study analyzed the correlation of all 85 item measurements, and found that the angle from the upper chest to the neck towards the front in the axis curved forward as much as the axis angle from the thigh to the waist (r=-0.876, $^{**}p$ < 0.01) bent backwards in elderly women. This detailed analysis helps to understand age-related changes in body posture, and will be useful in future studies.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2007

Conductive rubber material was molded in a belt shape to measure respiration. Its resistivity was approximately $0.03{\;}{\Omega}m$ and the resistance-displacement relationship showed a negative exponent. The temperature coefficient was approximately $0.006{\;}k{\Omega}/^{\circ}C$ negligible when practically applied on the abdomen. The conductive rubber belt was applied on a normal male's abdomen with the dimensional change measured during resting breathing. The abdominal signal was differentiated ($F_{m}$) and compared with the accurate standard air flow rate signal ($F_{s}$) obtained by pneumotachometry. $F_{m}$ and $F_{s}$ differed in waveform, but the start and end timings of each breaths were clearly synchronized, demonstrating that the respiratory frequency could be accurately estimated before further processing of $F_{m}$. $F_{m}-F_{s}$ loop showed a nonlinear hysteresis within each breath period, thus 6 piecewise linear approximation was performed, leading to a mean relative error of 14 %. This error level was relatively large for clinical application, though customized calibration seemed feasible for monitoring general variation of ventilation. The present technique would be of convenient and practical application as a new wearable respiratory transducer.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.173-814
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• 2007

Objective : This Study is attempted to compare respiration training method on Sun-Do Training it is quadrivalence. Method : We used all books and paper, journal of inside and outside of the country on Sun-Do Training. Results and Conclusions: 1. Respiration training method on Mu-Eou-Do is spontaneous breathing, breath follows in individual’s respiratory. 2. Respiration training method on Suk-Mun, Guk-Seon-Do, Dan-Hak is all of the position differ, but all considers and breathes naturally abdominal region named Dan-Jeoun, the hypogastric center (丹田). 3. Respiration training method that intend in Guk-seon-do should be soft and slow and long and deep and the moment must not be stoppage. 4. Difference of respiration training method is that region that mean at practice differs. Suk-Mun and Guk-Seon-Do have respiration training method that do with anus as is special in practice process. Dan-Hak thinks that breath has entered as Myung-Mun(命門), means fundamental force.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 2011

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by obstruction of the upper airway. Since it is closely related to sleep parameter and body indices, the study was focused on the relationship with them. The results of polysomnography (PSG) in obstructive sleep apnea was done at ENT department of Ewha women university Mokdong hospital from March to September 2010 with 52 subjects (male 35, female 17). The leads were placed to measure electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), mandibular and anterior tibialis electromyogram (EMG), airflow in nasal and oral cavity, chest and abdominal breathing pattern, snoring sound and arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) level. From sleep parameter and body indices of adult obstructive sleep apnea compared to normal adult revealed that age (p<0.01) and snoring sound (p<0.05) were increased, stage 1 sleep (p<0.01) was increased, the deeper stages (3&4) of sleep (p<0.05) were reduced. Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (p<0.01), mean $SpO_2$ (p<0.05) and lowest $SpO_2$ (p<0.01) were also decreased. The correlation analysis from sleep parameter and body indices of OSA showed the positive correlation with age (r=0.463, p<0.001), snoring sound (r=0.278, p<0.05), stage 1 sleep (r=0.391, p<0.01) and RDI (r=0.409, p<0.01), but showed the negative correlation with the deeper stages (3&4) of sleep (r=-0.307, p<0.05), mean $SpO_2$=(r=-0.274, p<0.05) and lowest $SpO_2$ (r=-0.392, p<0.01). This study proves that obstructive sleep apnea and indices have closed related.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2014

An 8-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat (Case 1) and 3-year-old castrated male Siamese cat (Case 2) was presented with acute paresis of the hindlimbs, constant open-mouth breathing, and hemoptysis. Heart murmur (Case 1) and gallop sound (Case 2) was ausculated on the left heart base. Radiographs revealed alveolar infiltration of the caudodorsal lung lobes with aerophagea in Case 1 and prominent cardiomegaly in Case 2. Marked concentric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and free wall, and left atrial enlargement was detected through echocardiography in both cats. Based on the examinations including echocardiography, those cats were diagnosed as hypertropic cardiomyopathy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed echogenic material in the aortic trifurcation region, aortic thromboembolism (ATE). Although prognosis of those animals was guarded, interventional therapeutic approach through direct endovascular thrombolytic therapy was attempted. ATE was visualized through angiography; however dissolving the embolus using interventional thrombolytic approach was not successful due to the extensive thrombus.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training on the respiratory functions of hospitalized cervical spinal cord injury patients. Methods: One group pre and post test design was used. Subjects were 20 cervical spinal cord injury inpatients of the national rehabilitation center. Training program consisted of air cumulation training, manual assisted coughing training, and abdominal breathing. Trained rehabilitation nurse implemented 20 minutes program twice a day for 4 weeks. Respiratory function was measured as peak coughing flow rate, and perceived respiratory difficulty after activity on wheel chair for 30 minutes and during speaking and singing. Perceived respiratory difficulty was measured with modified Borg scale. Also content analysis was done with the result of open ended question about subjective feeling about training. All variables were measured 3 times before, 2weeks and 4 weeks after the program. Results: Peak coughing flow rate significantly improved after compared to before training. Also all three perceived respiratory difficulty variables decreased significantly after training. In the content analysis, 'it's easier to cough up phlegm' was the most frequent answered subjective feeling. 'Sound at speaking and coughing became louder', 'respiratory volume increased', and 'comfortable chest feeling' were frequent answered subjective feeling, in order. Conclusion: Although it is preliminary since no control group, respiratory rehabilitation training was found to be effective to improve respiratory function in terms of peak coughing flow rate, perceived respiratory difficulty, and subjective feeling. It is necessary further systemic research to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of air stacking exercise on lung capacity, activities of daily living, and walking ability in elderly adults. METHODS: A total of 27 subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG=13) or a control group (CG=14). Subjects in the experimental group participated in an active pulmonary rehabilitation program. 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The active pulmonary rehabilitation program was composed of an air stacking exercise with an oral nasal mask and manually assisted coughing. Conventional pulmonary rehabilitation exercises, such as, cough exercise, deep breathing, and abdominal muscle strengthening exercises were performed by both groups. Pulmonary function parameters, peak cough flow (PCF), and oxygen saturation were measured and the 6-minute walk test and Korean version of the modified Barthel index (K-MBI) scores were applied. RESULTS: Significant intergroup differences were observed for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) results after intervention (p<.05), and for 6 minute walk test and PCF results after intervention and at 2-week follow-up visits (p<.05). Post hoc test results showed significant differences in K-MBI, 6-minute walk test, and FEV1 in the experimental group after intervention (p<.05). FVC values were significantly higher after intervention and at 2-week follow-up visits versus pre-intervention (p<.05). PCF values were also significantly higher after intervention and remained significantly higher at 2-week follow-up visits (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Air stacking exercise in elderly adults improves lung capacity and exercise tolerance.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

In this paper, a driver's drowsy detection sensor system based on the respiration is investigated. The sensor system consists of a piezoelectric pressure sensor attached at the abdominal region of the seat belt and a personal computer. The piezoelectric pressure sensor was utilized for the measurement of pressure variations induced by the movement of the driver abdomen during breathing. The signal processing software for detecting driver's drowsiness was produced using the Labview. The experiments were performed with 30 years male driver. The amplitude of the respiration at awake state was larger than one at the drowsy state. On the contrary, the respiration rate at awake state was lower than one at the drowsy state. The drowsy detection sensor system developed based on the experimental could successfully detect the driver's drowsy on real-time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

Stage costumes perform not only the instrumental but also the expressive functions. The major goal of this study is to develop the functional and aesthetic costume designs for musical players considering the characteristics of instruments. players’ postures. The scope of this study is restricted to the musical costumes for female adult soloists playing the wind and string instruments. This study is composed of theory research, empiricalresearch and manufacturing a real costume. First, theory research contains theory of musical costumes and that of pure musical areas. Concept, characteristics and wearing effects are analysed in theory of musical costumes. Second, designs of instruments and playing postures are analysed in the theory of pure musical areas. Proper and improper designs are compared based on the survey asking the favorite designs of 56 wind and string players. Third, I manufacture a stage costume for a harpist. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, wind and string players think the functionality of costumes more importantly than the esthetic sense. And there are differences in design preferences for different playing postures. Second, string Players basically use arms, fingers and the upper body. Wind players use fingers more than string players and do abdominal breathing. Third, string players think the design of arms and sleeves because of frequent usage of bow and prefer the design without sleeves. On the contrary, wind players think the silhouette importantly because of standing playing posture. Fourth, players don't think that the accessory is not important and want it so long as it doesn't hinder playing. Fifth, shoes plays more important role than costume in case of playing posture with using pedals and moving legs frequently. Lastly, both wind and string players prefer the design with simplicity and comfort most.