• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Dizziness can be classified mainly into 4 types: vertigo, disequilibrium, presyncope, and lightheadedness. Among these types, vertigo is a sensation of movement or motion due to various causes. The main causes of peripheral vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), acute vestibular neuritis (AVN), and Meniere's disease. BPPV is one of the most common causes of peripheral vertigo. It is characterized by brief episodes of mild to intense vertigo, which are triggered by specific changes in the position of the head. BPPV is diagnosed from the characteristic symptoms and by observing the nystagmus such as in the Dix-Hallpike test. BPPV is treated with several canalith repositioning procedures. AVN is the second most common cause of peripheral vertigo. Its key symptom is the acute onset of sustained rotatory vertigo without hearing loss. It is treated with symptomatic therapy with antihistamines, anticholinergic agents, anti-dopaminergic agents, and gamma-aminobutyric acid-enhancing agents that are used for symptoms of acute vertigo. Meniere's disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. It is traditionally relieved with life-style modification, a low-salt diet, and prescription of diuretics. However, diagnosis and treatment of the peripheral vertigo can be difficult without knowledge of BPPV, AVN, and Meniere's disease. This article provides information on the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo in BPPV, AVN, and Meniere's disease.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN), prognostic reliability of the Hawkins sign, and clinical outcomes after operative treatment of fracture and dislocations of the talar neck. Materials and Methods: We analysed 16 patients with fracture and dislocations of the talar neck which were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for more than 2 years. The postoperative radiographs were examined for Hawkins sign and avascular necrosis was confirmed by bone scan. The assessment of clinical results was based on the Hawkins scoring system. Results: AVN was occurred in 2 of 16 cases (12.5%) only in type III. Hawkins sign was found 11 of 16 cases (68.8%), which included 8 cases in type II, 2 cases in type III and 1 case in type IV. The Hawkins sign was not observed in two cases with AVN. In contrast, only 2 of the 5 cases with a negative Hawkins sign developed AVN. According to Hawkins scoring system, 4 patients (25.0%) was in excellent, 7 patients (43.8%) in good, 4 patients (25.0%) in fair and 1 patient (6.3%) in poor. Conclusion: Incidence of AVN after operative treatment of fracture and dislocations of the talar neck was lower than that of previous reports. Hawkins sign had a high prognostic reliability, but absence of Hawkins' sign should not be considered a totally reliable indicator of development of avascular necrosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2008

Avascular necrosis(AVN) is a disease characterized by the temporary or permanent loss of the blood supply to the bones, resulting from many possible causes, including radiation therapy. The femoral head is known to be the most common site of AVN. The authors encountered two cases of AVN of the femoral head among 557 patients with cervical cancer treated with whole pelvic radiation therapy at the Samsung Medical Center. AVN of the femoral head was presented with a sclerotic density change in a plain roentgenography and a decreased signal intensity lesion on the T1 and T2 weighted phases of a magnetic resonance image(MRI). Although it is a very rare complication after whole pelvic radiation therapy, AVN of the femoral head should be considered when characteristic imaging findings appear on follow-up examinations.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.161-164
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the geographic patterns of partial avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talar body and to determine whether there were any predictors of both the location and occurrence of partial AVN. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients with fracture of the talar neck treated by open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for more than 1 year were analyzed. The radiographs were examined 6 to 8 weeks after the operation for Hawkins sign and if it was not observed, magnetic resonance scans were performed. The three-dimensional analysis was performed using Mimics 17.0 (Materialise). The incidence of collapse and time to operative intervention was recorded. Results: Partial AVN of the talar body was observed in six out of 19 patients. The avascular segment of the talar body was located predominantly in the anterolateral portion. The average volume of the avascular segment was $289mm^3$, and it occupied 1% of total volume of the talus, and 10% of the talar dome. Collapse occurred in one patient in the area of the avascular process. There were no observable trends with regard to Hawkins classification, incidence of collapse, or time to operative intervention to the location of the avascular segment. Conclusion: Partial AVN can occur after fracture of the talar neck. The predominant location of the avascular segment was the anterolateral portion of the talar body. This information may be helpful to understanding the process of avascular necrosis of the talar body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the content of avenanthramides(AVNs) and other phenolic compounds in the grains of a naked oat cultivar, Daeyang, which were seeded in the fall and spring, and examine the effects of alcohol extracts from the grains on natural killer(NK) cell activity in vitro. The content of AVN-A, AVN-B, and AVN-C in the spring-seeded oat grains was 2.2 folds higher than the fall-seeded oat grains on average. Among these AVNs, the content of AVN-C was 1.9-folds higher in the spring-seeded oat grains(66.1㎍/g), comparing to the content in the fall-seeded oat grains(34.8㎍/g). The content of other phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids in the spring-seeded oat grains was 1.1~4.7-folds higher than the fall-seeded oat grains. In particular, sinapinic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in the spring-seeded oat grains(50.0㎍/g) and its content was 2.4-folds higher than its content in the fall-seed oat grains. Furthermore, NK cell activity in vitro treated with the spring-seeded oat grain extracts was 158%, and it was 18%p higher than NK cell activity treated with the extracts from the fall-seeded oat grain extracts. Our finding suggest that the bioactive properties of naked oat grains would be enhanced by spring seeding.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report the improvements in pain that a woman experienced after receiving Korean medicine treatments for the pain associated with core decompression surgery due to avascular necrosis (AVN) of both femur heads. Methods : The patient was diagnosed as having AVN in both femur heads and underwent core decompression surgery. After operation, she had pain on her right inguinal region and her range of motion (ROM) was restricted. She was treated with Korean medicine including, herbal medicine, acupuncture, Chuna Manual Therapy and bee venom acupuncture (BV). This study was measured by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the ROM scale. Results : After conservative treatment, the patient's pain was reduced and ROM was increased. Daily living quality had improved. Conclusions : In this case, Korean conservative medicine therapy with Chuna Manual Therapy had a positive effect on the symptoms after core decompression surgery due to avascular necrosis of the femur head.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the improved case of bilateral avascular necrosis(AVN) of femur head treated with Korean medicine and Fascia Chuna Therapy Methods : The patient diagnosed with bilateral AVN is hospitalized at department of korean rehabilitation medicine, Samse hospital of korean medicine. The subject is treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, SBV and hip joint gyoung-geon chuna. This study was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS) score, walking time without pain per 6 minutes and harris hip score(HHS). Results : The patient showed decreased VAS score, HHS and improved walking time without pain per 6 minutes after treated with korean medicine and hip joint Fascia Chuna Therapy. Conclusions : The patient showed reduced pain and positive effect on activities of daily living.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.504-510
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• 1995

Avascular necrosis(AVN) of bone can be resulted from various causes that distrub vascular supply to bone tissue, including steroid therapy after renal transplantation. In this study, we determine the prevalence of the avascular necrosis of bone after renal transplantation and compare the role of the bone scan, SPECT and MRI. In 301 patients with transplanted kidney, the prevalence of avascular necrosis was deter-mined clinically. Site of bone necrosis was evaluated by clinical symptom, bone scan, SPECT and MRI. Bone scan was done in all patients with AVN. Bone SPECT and MRI were done in six cases; and MRI was done in two cases. The prevalence of AVN was 3.3% (10/301), and the site of AVN was 16 femoral heads in 10 patients (bilateral: 60%) and bilateral calcaneal tuberosity in one patient. Bone scan showed typical AVN (cold area with surrounding hot uptake) in 13 lesions, only hot uptake in three lesions (including two calcaneal tuberosities), decreased uptake in one lesion, and normal in one lesion. Decreased uptake and normal lesion showed an equivacal cold area without surrounding hot uptake on SPECT. A symptomatic patient with positive bone SPECT showed normal finding on MRI. The prevalence of AVN of bone after renal transplantation was 3.3%, and whole body bone scan showed multiple bone involvement. Two symptomatic hip Joints without definite lesion on whole body bone scan or MRI showed cold defect on SPECT. Therefore, we conclude that bone SPECT should be perfomed in a symptomatic patient with negative bone scan or MRI in case with high risk of AVN after renal transplantation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2018

In this paper, we determined the driver's stress and fatigue level through physiological signals of a driver in the connected car environment, accordingly designing and implementing the architecture of the connected cars' platforms needed to provide services to make the driving environments comfortable and reduce the driver's fatigue level. It includes a gateway between AVN and ECU for the vehicle control, a framework for native applications and web applications based on AVN, and a sensing device and an emotion estimation engine for application services. This paper will provide the element technologies for the connected car-based convergence services and their implementation methods, and reference models for the service design.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2012

Callotasis has been widely used to treat brachymetatarsia. But various complications have been reported. Avascular necrosis of the $4^{th}$ brachymetatarsia treated by callotasis has not been frequently addressed in the literature. We report 1 cases of avascular necrosis of the $4^{th}$ brachymetatarsia treated by callotasis with a review of the literature.