• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-170
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the change of egg qualify by the height of thick albumen of egg, storage temperature and storage period. The albumen index and Haugh unit were measured and compared among five different storage periods(0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 days), four different storage temperatures($15^{\circ}C$ , $20^{\circ}C$ , $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ ), and five different Parts(0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm) aparted from egg yolk. The albumen index and Haugh unit were as follows: the albumen index of eggs was significantly(P<0.01) different by the storage temperature and by the measuring position of thick albumen of eggs. It means that the albumen index can be differed by the measuring position of thick albumen even if eggs have a same qualify. For measuring egg qualify in this country, it should be announced that which Parts in thick albumen of eggs are measured. The albumen index of fresh eggs was 0.16. However, the index when measured at 3 hour after oviposition was lower than 0.16. Therefore, it indicates that the criterion of 0.06 lower than 0.16 is required to set for considering practical point during the marketing periods of eggs. When the criterion of albumen index puts 0.06, it is as 100%. Therefore, eggs can be kept the same quality for 6, 4 and 2 days when eggs were stored at $15^{\circ}C$ , $20^{\circ}C$ and 25 ~$30^{\circ}C$ , respectively. When the criterion of Haugh unit score puts 79 as 100%, the eggs can be maintained the quality for 6, 4, and 2 days when eggs are stored at $15^{\circ}C$ , $20^{\circ}C$ and 25~$30^{\circ}C$ , respectively. When the criterion of Haugh unit 55 as 100%, the eggs can be maintained the same quality for 10, 8 and 2 days when eggs are stored at $15^{\circ}C$ , $20^{\circ}C$ and 25~$30^{\circ}C$ , respectively. From the experimental results, it can be considered that calculathing egg quality by the height of thick albumin of eggs which was measured at the attachment Parts of thick albumin layer and yolk of eggs was most reasonable and suitable when considering the marketing periods of eggs.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.349-386
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• 2013

This research analyzes and evaluates The Korean Security Industry Law(TKSIL) putting the regulation of the present government about the private security industry. It nowadays becomes the important axis of the police services offered in the aspect of 'the national life safety' in connection with 'the materialization of society which is safe from the crime'. TKSIL is one of the national administration strategies which Park Gun-hye government aims on supervision policy. After seeking out the core values of the private security industrial policy which sets up in order to approach the national life safety which Park Gun-hye government aims, we make some assessments of this revised security industry law systematically. Particularly all keynote of policy about the private security of the police tried to be confirmed and the desirable direction of policy tries to be presented as to the security industry law application and real operation. In the site of organized civil complaint, the revised security industry law was revised as the direction which intensifies the administrative regulation as to the partial regulation such as it established the reason of the introduction of the arrangement license system. And grounds for disqualification of security instructor and guard, and rules of punishment is intensified order to intercept previously illegal and violent act of the security company etc. However it has the feature that it accomplishes 'the law principle(principle of statute)' the substantial portion through the effort of them changing a lot the content for the form of the law when being the clauses of the fundamental human rights limit, although it has been prescribed in "the security industry law enforcement ordinance" or "the security industry law enforced regulation". The security industry law revised this time brought from the change of the sharp policy through the revision of 17 clauses or new establishment. It can divide into 4 categorizes. (1) strictness of punishment in the site of organized civil complaint (2) Intensification of throwing out for the violation person in the private security business market time-limitedly (3) Intensification of the legal guide supervision power of police (4) upstream of the capital, name tag attachment under compulsion and the limit about other equipment use etc. Essentially "the security industry law" cannot help regulating the national interference of the private security and regulation with this content. However as to this interference and regulation, the limit has to be possible within reasonable range. As the history proved, excessive regulation by the country is not only due to bring the distortion of the security system of nation but also provoke national social cost. It can't be disregards ever that it premises the harmony which appropriate as well as reasonable in the socio-economic dimension for drawing the best combination that all things which get the compulsory education, it limits the person providing the private security service to the corporation, or it limits to the certificate of qualification holder are the ultimate for 'the safety of the national life'.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2002

Propose : The purpose of this retrospective study was to test the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL index) for diagnosis of a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by means of MR imaging. Materials and Methods : From Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2001, concomitant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee joint arthroscopy were performed in 56 patients of either pain or instability of the knee. The shortest distance between the femoral and tibial attachment of PCL (X) and the distance from that line to the tip of the arc marked by the PCL (Y) on the sagittal plane images were measured. The quotient of these two parameters (Y/X) defined the PCL index. Results : Using MRI diagnosis, there were 35 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture and 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. Using arthroscopy, 32 of the 35 patients diagnosed by MRI showed ACL rupture, and 20 of the 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. The mean PCL index was 0.40 in the 33 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture through arthroscopy. The mean PCL index was 0.23 in 23 patients with an uninjured ACL through arthroscopy. In 33 patients with ruptured ACL, this value exceeds 0.31. The index value was 0.31 in 3 patients with uninjured ACL. The value of the index was not above 0.31 with an uninjured ACL. PCL index on MRI had a sensitivity of $91\%$ and a specificity of $94\%$ for determining the status of the anterior cruciate ligament. Conclusion : Injury to the ACL changes the PCL index markedly. In diagnostically unreliable MR images, amelioration of the PCL index could help in the diagnosis of ACL injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1437-1444
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• 2000

Objectives : Traditionally intracranial meningiomas are regarded as benign and curable tumors. About half of all intracranial meningiomas locate in the skull base region. However, surgical removal of these tumors may be challenging and require special considerations. Here general aspects of skull base meningiomas including clinical presentation, surgical approaches, complications and their recurrence rate are discussed based on our experiences. Methods : A retrospective analysis of 61 consecutive patients with skull base meningioma among 210 patients of meningioma between 1989 and 1998 were done. Results : There were 41 women and 20 men ranging from 13 to 74 years(mean 52 years). These tumors were divided into seven categories according to location : olfactory groove(n＝9), sphenoid ridge(n＝16), cavernous sinus(n ＝2), tuberculum sellae(n＝8), tentorium(n＝13), cerebellopontine angle(n＝12), and foramen magnum meningiomas (n＝1). Surgical approaches were selected on the basis of the tumor attachment, size and extension on preoperative radiologic findings. Total removal(Simpson grade I and II) was achieved in 50 cases(82%), and subtotal removal (Simpson grade III) in 11 patients(18%). According to WHO classification, there were 52 of cases of benign meningioma( 86%), 6 atypical cases(10%), and 3 malignant cases(5%). The most common postoperative complications were CSF leakage(23.0%) and cranial nerve injury(8.2%). Three patient died related with tumor(one was due to surgical complication and the other two due to recurrence) but three patients died from other systemic causes. Mean follow-up period was 51.7 months after surgery. Recurrence occurred in six patients(10.9%) ; three with tentorial meningioma, two with sphenoid ridge, and one in cerebellopontine angle. Conclusion : With advances in neuroradiology and microsurgical techniques, the surgical outcome of miningiomas has been markedly improved with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Overall, our surgical results of skull base meningiomas is comparable to other reports. Therefore, with the appropriate operative strategy and techniques, these tumors can be completely removed and good surgical results can be expected.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.599-610
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis research to compare the effect of Kangaroo care, targeting mothers and premature infants. A randomized clinical trial study was performed until February 2015. The domestic literature contained the non-randomized clinical trial research without restriction according to the level of the study design. A search of the Ovid-Medline, CINAHL, PubMed and KoreaMed, the National Library of KOREA, the National Assembly Library, NDSL, KISS and RISS. Through the KMbase we searched and combined the main term ((kangaroo OR KC OR skin-to-skin) AND (care OR contact)) AND (infant OR preterm OR Low Birth Weight OR LBW), ((kangaroo OR kangaroo OR kangaroo) AND (care OR nursing care OR management OR skin contact)) was made; these were all combined with a keywords search through the selection process. They were excluded in the final 25 studies (n=3051). A methodology checklist for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed by SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) was utilized to assess the risk of bias. The overall risk of bias was regarded as low. In 16 studies that were evaluated as a grade of "++", 9 studies were evaluated as a grade of "+". As a result of meta-analysis, kangaroo care regarding the effects of premature mortality, severe infection/sepsis had an insignificant effect. Hyperthermia incidence, growth and development (height and weight), mother-infant attachment, hypothermia incidence, length of hospital days, breast feeding rate, sleeping, anxiety, confidence, and gratification of mothering role were considered significant. In satisfaction of the role performance, depression and stress presented contradictory research results for individual studies showing overall significant difference. This study has some limitations due to the few RCTs comparing kangaroo care in the country. Therefore, further RCTs comparing kangaroo care should be conducted.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

In vitro and in situ incubation studies were conducted to determine effects of yeast culture supplements (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on cellulolytic bacterial function and fiber digestion in rice straw. In vitro dry matter digestibility of rice straw gradually increased according to supplemental levels of yeast culture (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0%). Digestibility of rice straw started to increase apparently when yeast culture was added more than 0.6% level (p<0.05). Also, we reconfirmed that in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly increased by 0.6% of yeast culture addition in 4% NaOH treated and non-treated rice straws (p<0.05). When in situ dry matter digestibility was tested in Korean native goats fed basal diet or experimental diet which contained 1.0% of yeast culture, the yeast culture feeding improved in situ dry matter digestibility in both 4% NaOH treated and non-treated rice straws (p<0.05). In case of real-time PCR monitoring cellulolytic bacterial function, the bacterial population attached on rice straw showed the increasing trends with higher level of yeast culture spraying on rice straw. F. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens were significantly increased in accordance to spraying levels of yeast culture (0.0, 0.1 and 0.3%) at both 12 and 24 hrs of in situ incubation (p<0.05). R. albus was significantly higher population in yeast culture spraying than non-soraying at 12 hrs of in situ incubation (p<0.05). These bacterial populations were showed the increasing trends with digestibility enhancement of rice straw according to the higher levels of yeast culture supplement. Overall, these results clearly suggest that the presence of yeast culture result in noticeable increase of rice straw digestion, which is modulated via good effect on cellulolytic bacterial attachment to fiber substrates.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

TThis study explored the requirement of fabric sensor that can measure the motion of the joint effectively by measuring and analyzing the variation in electric resistance of a sensor in accordance with bending and stretching motion of the arm by the implementation of a motion sensor utilizing conductive fabric. For this purpose, on both sides of two kinds of knitted fabric, namely 'L' fabric and 'W' fabric Single Wall Carbon Nano-Tube(SWCNT) was coated, fabric sensor was developed by finishing them in a variety of ways, and the sensor was attached to the arm band. The fabric sensor consisted of total 48 cases, namely background fabric for coating, the method of sensor attachment, the number of layer of sensors, the length of sensor, and the width of sensor. The performance of fabric motion sensors in terms of a dummy arm, that is, a Con-Trex MJ with 48 arm bands around it was evaluated. For each arm band, a total of 48, fastened around the dummy arm, it was adjusted to repeat the bending and stretching at the frequency : 0.5Hz, ROM : $20^{\circ}{\sim}120^{\circ}$, the voltage was recorded for each case after conducting three sets of repeat measurement for a total of 48 cases. As a result of the experiment, and as a consequences of the evaluation and analysis of the voltage based on the uniformity of the base line of the peak-to-peak voltage(Vp-p), the uniformity of Vp-p within the same set, and the uniformity of the Vp-p among three sets, the fabric sensors that have been configured in SWCNT coated 'L' fabric / welding / two layers / $50{\times}5mm$, $50{\times}10mm$, $100{\times}10mm$, and SWCNT coated 'W' fabric / welding / two layers / $50{\times}10mm$ exhibited the most uniform and stable signal value within 5% of the total variation rate. Through all these results of the experiment, it was confirmed that SWCNT coated fabric was suitable for a sensor that can measure the human limb operation when it was implemented as a fabric sensor in a variety of forms, and the optimal sensor types were identified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.561-567
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• 2017

This study focused on estimating the low concentration of $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal by using simultaneous reaction of the adsorption and microbial nitrification with microbe-attached zeolite media. To evaluate the adsorption effect of the zeolite media, the expanded polypropylene (EPP) media which are not able to adsorb $NH_4{^+}-N$ were used as a control media in order to compare the adsorption ability. Each media was used to experiment after aerated 8 hr for attachment of the microbes. The batch experiment shows that nitrification occurred in zeolite media better than EPP media because nitrifiers could consume the relatively enough amount of $NH_4{^+}-N$ adsorbed onto the zeolite media. Compared to the reactor with EPP media, nitrification occurred only in the reactor with zeolite media under continuous operation at the empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 25 min and 3 mg/L of $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration. As the EBCT of the reactor with zeolite media increased from 10 to 60 min, the nitrification efficiencies increased too. $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal efficiency showed up more than 90% at EBCT 60 min. And the difference in concentration of the total nitrogen between the influent and the effluent was 0.25 mg/L at EBCT 10 min, 0.78 mg/L at EBCT 25 min, 0.59 mg/L at EBCT 40 min and 0.37 mg/L at EBCT 60 min, respectively. This difference was due to between adsorption rate and nitrification rate of $NH_4{^+}-N$, and it was considered that $NH_4{^+}-N$ was adsorbed on the zeolite media by the gap of the concentration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2010

Background: Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare. The most common type are benign myxomas, and these are almost completely curable with early surgery. Malignant tumors, however, such as sarcomas, are difficult to remove surgically, and their prognosis is known to be poor. In this study, data on patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor in the authors' hospital were collected and analyzed. Material and Method: The subjects included 28 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor from August 1993 to December 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. Result: The patients were aged from 20 to 76 years (mean age: $54.2{\pm}15.6$), and 11 were male (39%) and 17 female (61%). Fifteen of them (54%) underwent emergency surgery to improve heart failure symptoms. The most common preoperative symptom was dyspnea (15 cases, 54%). Preoperative echocardiography was performed on all the patients. The average size of the tumor as measured during the operation was $7.0{\pm}6.9cm$ (the average length of the long axis was 2∼40 cm), and the sites of tumor attachment were the interatrial septum (18 cases, 64%), the left atrium (9 cases, 32%), the mitral valve annulus (2 cases, 7%), and the left ventricle (2 cases, 7%). The operation was performed with an incision through both atria in all the patients, and a complete excision was made in 25 cases (89%). According to the biopsy results, there were 4 cases of sarcoma (14%), 1 case of lipoma (4%), and 23 cases of myxoma (82%). The three cases in which the tumors were not completely excised were sarcomas. No operative deaths occurred after the operations. Outpatient follow-up was possible for 24 cases (86%), with a mean follow-up period of $46.8{\pm}42.7$ months. Late death occurred in 3 of the 24 patients; each of these patients had sarcomas. Of these patients, the first had undergone two repeat surgeries, the second had metastatic sites removed, and the last had only chemotherapy. The average recurrence time was $12.7{\pm}10.8$ months, and the average metastasis time was $20.5{\pm}16.8$ months. Conclusion: Most cardiac tumors are benign myxomas. In principle, they should be surgically treated because they can create risks such as embolism, and can be radically treated when surgically removed. In most cases, however, malignant sarcomas are already considerably advanced with severe infiltration into the neighboring tissues at the time of diagnosis. The surgical removal of malignant sarcomas is known to be difficult because of the advanced stage and degree of infiltration. We suggest that excision of the removable portion of the tumor sites to alleviate symptoms such as heart failure can improve quality of life.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.4 s.75
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• pp.445-456
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• 1999

As a result of increased education and communication, the field of orthodontics has recently been expanded to include a greater number of adult treatment procedures. With this increased demand for adult orthodontic treatment, a problem that frequently arises is the placement of appliances on teeth restored with porcelain. But conventional acid-etching is ineffective in the preparation of porcelain surface for mechanical retention of orthodontic attachments. Also, it is possible to damage on porcelain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of composite bonding materials and the porcelain surface treatment methods on shear bond strength, and to observe the porcelain fracture rates. To accomplish this purpose, this study was carried out with feldsphatic porcelain, Ceram II. Porcelain surface treatment methods were divided into intact glazed porcelain which had not treatment and surface roughening. Surface roughening by etching with Hydroluoric acid(HF), sandblasting with Microetcher II and compound treatment with etching and sandblasting. Bonding materials were Ortho-two and Transbond. All porcelain specimens were applicated with porcelain primer. 1. In comparision according to porcelain surface treatment, surface roughening groups by HF etching and sandblasting had higher shear bond than intact group. No significant difference was found in Transbond group. 2. Ortho-two group had the higher shear bond strength than that of Transbond group in B:.u etching and sandblasting. 3. E(Transbond. Intact)group had the lowest shear bond strength in all experimental group. The bond strength was higher than clinically successful bond strength. 4. Non-treated group had very higher porcelain rates than treated group. 5. This study indicates that porcelain surface-roughening may not be necessary to attachment of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces.