• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.821-827
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• 2022

Objective: To determine the anatomical characteristics of the petrous ridge and trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) without neurovascular compression (NVC). Materials and Methods: From May 2017 to March 2021, 66 patients (49 female and 17 male; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.8 ± 13.3 years) with TN without NVC and 57 controls (46 female and 11 male; 52.0 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled. The angle of the petrous ridge (APR) and angle of the trigeminal nerve (ATN) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging with a high-resolution three-dimensional T2 sequence. Data on the symptomatic side were compared with those on the asymptomatic side in patients and with the mean measurements of the bilateral sides in controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of APR and ATN in distinguishing TN patients from controls. Results: In TN patients without NVC, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of APR on the symptomatic side (98.40° ± 19.75°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (105.59° ± 22.45°, p = 0.019) and controls (108.44° ± 15.98°, p = 0.003). The mean ATN ± SD on the symptomatic side (144.41° ± 8.92°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (149.67° ± 8.09°, p = 0.003) and controls (150.45° ± 8.48°, p = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing TN patients from controls was 0.673 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.579-0.758) for APR and 0.700 (CI: 0.607-0.782) for ATN. The sensitivity and specificity using the diagnostic cutoff yielding the highest Youden index were 81.8% (54/66) and 49.1% (28/57), respectively, for APR (with a cutoff score of 94.30°) and 65.2% (43/66) and 66.7% (38/57), respectively, for ATN (cutoff score, 148.25°). Conclusion: In patients with TN without NVC, APR and ATN were smaller than those in controls, which may explain the potential cause of TN and provide additional information for diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.28-30
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• 2010

본 논문은 단거리 전용 무선을 이용하여 도로를 주행하는 운전자들에게 실시간 POI(Point of Interest) 정보를 효과적으로 수집 가공 분배 제공할 수 있는 LBB(Location Based Boardcasting) 개발 하였다. 또한 LBB 기술 요소 장치를 개발하여 보급함으로써 운전자 지점부근의 상세하고 다양한 정보를 제공하는 텔레매틱스 및 지능형 정보 제공 시스템의 핵심 기술을 연구 개발 하였다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

VDL Mode 2 is one of air-to-ground VHF digital data link technologies. The VDL Mode 2 system is designed to be an air-to-ground subnetwork of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) using the AM(R)S band and it is organized according to the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model (defined by ISO). It can be used in ATS Applications especially for ATC communication such as CPDLC and ADS as well. And It is expected VDL Mode 2 replaces ACARS(Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) which has broadly been used for over 20 years. This paper presents the result of design of operational test equipments for the validation of VDL Mode 2 system under development in KARI.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

As one of YHF digital data link technologies, VDL Mode 2 is designed to be an air-to-ground subnetwork of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture. VDL Mode 2 can be used in ATS Applications especially for CPDLC and ADS. And it is also expected to replace ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) which has broadly been used in AOC for over 20 years. This paper presents the design result of VDL Mode 2 system under AOA (ACARS Over AVLC) environment for the implementation of bit-oriented ATS applications. The system is composed of airborne and ground subsystem. Airborne subsystem consists of VDR, CMU and an aircraft test equipment with CPDLC/ADS client applications for operational test and ground system consists of Ground Station which includes ground VDR and ground communication controller, simple DSP (Datalink Service Processor) and a ground test equipment with CPDLC/ADS server applications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2016

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiorgan involvement. Various drugs may be associated with this syndrome including carbamazepine, allopurinol, and sulfasalazine. Renal involvement in DRESS syndrome most commonly presents as acute kidney injury due to interstitial nephritis. An 11-year-old boy was referred to the Children's Hospital of Pusan National University because of persistent fever, rash, abdominal distension, generalized edema, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. He previously received vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 10 days at another hospital. He developed acute kidney injury with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypocomplementemia. A subsequent renal biopsy indicated the presence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and late exudative phase of postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). Systemic symptoms and renal function improved with corticosteroid therapy after the discontinuation of vancomycin. Here, we describe a biopsy-proven case of severe ATN that manifested as a part of vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome with coincident PIGN. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this syndrome due to its severity and potentially fatal nature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

One technique for determining dry acid deposition fluxes involves measurement of time - averaged ambient concentrations of dry acid deposition species using filter packs (FP) coupled with estimates of mean deposition velocities for the exposure period. A critical problem associated with filter pack data comparisons between various field sampling networks is the use of diverse sampling flow rates and duration protocols. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying sampling flow rates, from 1.5 to 10 standard liters per minute, on total nitrate and sulfate measurements of specific dry acid deposition species . Collocated FP samplers were used to determine sampling and analysis data reproducibility and representativeness . Ambient air samples were simultaneously collected using groups of filter packs operated at various flow rates over identical 7 day periods. The species measured were sulfur dioxide, particulate sulfate , nitric acid and particulate nitrate. Statistical results (ANOVA; alpha level 5%) showed that neither the low nor high sampling flow rates caused a significant difference in the measurements of total sulfate and adjusted total nitrate (ATN) . However, it was concluded that for high flow rate sampling measurements, total nitrate (TN) could be affected during extended sampling durations because of potential nitric acid overloading and breakthrough. Although the previous workers (Costello, 1990; Quillian, 1990) used much higher sampling flow rates (~ 17 sLpm) than employed here, it was assumed that for a high loading (> 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ HNO$_3$) of nitric acid on the Nylon filters, a significant fraction (~10%) of nitric acid could pass through the Nylon filters and be collected on the carbonate impregnated filters. It was concluded that even at the highest sampling flow rate employed (10 sLpm) at the Cary Forest site, nitric acid breakthrough was less than 10% of the total HNO$_3$ collected. However, for a heavily polluted urban airshed or with longer sampling times , higher filter loadings could result in substantial nitric acid breakthrough and HNO$_3$concentrations would be underestimated.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.571-578
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• 2009

$PM_{2.5}$ black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured to investigate the filter spot loading effect in raw BC data at 5-minute time-based resolution using a single-wavelength aethalometer at a Gwangju site. Also the elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from 24-hr integrated filter-based measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ particles were determined to compare with the loading compensated BC values. Close examination of the time-series BC data showed clearly the "gaps" when the filter tape advances, suggesting the correction of raw BC data. Therefore, we calculated the average BC concentration in each range of attenuation (ATN) to decide if there was (or was not) an effect on the aethalometer data according to the loading of the filter spot. A consistent decrease of average BC concentration was found with increasing ATN values for every month, suggesting there was a consistent "spot loading effect" in the raw BC data. The loading compensated BC concentration according to a simple compensation model with loading effect was 1.01~1.15 times greater than the raw BC data. The 24-hr average concentration of EC observed during summer sampling period was about 3% higher than the original 24-hr average BC value and 2% lower than the loading compensated BC concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.497-507
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• 2000

Purpose: We have examined the utility of $^{99m}Tc$-MAG3 perfusion indices for assessing renal graft function in early post-transplantation period. Materials and Methods: Our study included 80 renal transplant recipients (48 men and 32 women, mean age: 40.3 years). Diagnosis was based on biopsy, laboratory data and clinical course. Renal scintigraphy (RS) was obtained using 100 MBq of $^{99m}Tc$-MAG3 from 11 days to 23 days of kidney transplantation. We measured 5 indices in whole-kidney (WK) and cortical (C) renograms; Hilson's perfusion index (PI), transplant perfusion index (TP) and transplant function index (TF) as perfusion parameter, and the time to peak activity (Tmax) and the ratio of renal counts at 20 min to that at 3 min (K20/3) as functional parameter. Results: The diagnoses at the day of RS were normal graft (NG) in 44, acute rejection (AR) in 14, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 10, and Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity (CsA) in 12. TP and TF were significantly decreased in AR, ATN and CsA, compared to those in NG. K20/3 of AR and ATN wore significantly greater than that of NG. WK-Tmax of AR was significantly longer than that of NG. K20/3 of AR and C-K20/3 of ATN were significantly prolonged relative to those of CsA. There were no statistically significant perfusion indices among complication groups. Conclusion: TP and TF reflecting microperfusion and initial tubular extraction are reliable in assessing graft function. However, it is required to correlate perfusion indices with functional indices and clinical course in differentiating from one another among complication groups.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigated the degree of compensation for distorted optical pulse of wavelength division multiplexed(WDM) channel with initial frequency chirp generated in optical transmitter. The WDM channel signal distortion is due to chromatic dispersion, self phase modulation(SPM) and cross phase modulation(XPM) in fiber. The considered system is 3 ${\times}$ 40 Gbps intensity modulation direct detection(IM/DD) WDM transmission systems, which adopted mid-span spectral inversion(MSSI) as compensation method. We confirmed that the effect of initial frequency chirp on compensation for signal distortion due to a SPM is gradually decreased as a dispersion coefficient of fiber becomes gradually small. But, in the aspect of a compensation for signal distortion due to both SPM and XPM, the effect of initial frequency chirp on compensation is gradually decreased as a dispersion coefficient of fiber becomes gradually large.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2010

스마트폰(smartphone)은 휴대전화에 인터넷 통신과 정보검색 등 컴퓨터 지원 기능을 추가한 지능형 단말기로서 사용자가 원하는 어플리케이션(application)을 설치할 수 있는 것이 특징으로, 현 시대에 있어 하나의 문화가 되었을 정도로 크나큰 이슈가 되고 있고, 어플리케이션 개발 시장도 활발해졌으며, 크게 성장하고 있다는 점이다. 대중교통정보 어플리케이션의 사용 빈도가 높은 편이긴 하나, 유동인구 빈도수가 높은 수도권과 광역시 지역 중심으로 제공되는 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 GPS(Global Positioning System) 기능이 활성화 되지 않은 지방지역 실정을 고려하여 안드로이드 플랫폼(android platform)을 이용한 스마트폰 기반 스쿨버스 어플리케이션 설계와 구현을 제안하려 한다.