• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective effects of chalcone derivatives were evaluated in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GaIN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mouse. Thirteen chalcone derivatives were synthesized for study and their hepatoprotective effects were evaluated by assessing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in serum. Chalcone preparations were injected into mice at 12 hand 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of D-GaIN/LPS. After abdominal administration, changes in AST and ALT between the control and treated groups were observed. Ten of the synthesized chalcone derivatives exhibited inhibitory effects on D-GaIN/LPS-induced levels of AST and ALT in mice. Compounds 2, 3, 8, 9, and 12 markedly reduced serum AST and ALT at 8 h, inhibited hepatocyte necrosis and showed significant hepatoprotective activities. The activity of compound 3 was compared with the bifendate (DDB) through oral administration. Compound 3 showed much higher inhibitory effects than bifendate for decreasing AST and ALT activity. The results indicate that compound 3 has strong hepatoprotective activity through suppression of tumor necrosis factor­alpha (TNF-alpha) preduction, reduction of the histological change in the liver, and attenuated of hepatocyte apoptosis confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2010

This study has been done with 1,431 subjects who visited Health Promotion Centers of the hospitals in Gumi for National Health Screening Program for People at Transitional Ages from April to December 2007. Serum biochemical tests related with metabolic syndrome were performed. Among biochemical factors related with metabolic syndrome, the mean values of serum glucose, AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol except LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in males than in females, so a significant difference by sex was observed (P<0.001). AST, ALT, triglyceride and HDL were thought to be significantly affecting serum GGT for males. In contrast, ALT and HDL cholesterol were important factors for females (P<0.001). For both sexes, serum glucose and LDL cholesterol did not produce any meaningful effect on serum GGT. In males AST, ALT and HDL cholesterol were associated with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT and in females AST, ALT and LDL cholesterol were related with high risk of abnormality of serum GGT. Therefore, AST and ALT showed a significant effect on abnormality of serum GGT in both males and females. It was observed that males exhibited significantly high correlation between metabolic syndrome related biochemical factors and serum GGT than females, and their influence on abnormality of serum GGT was also higher in males than in females. Therefore, serum GGT tests performed for health screening are considered to be useful for managements of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome as well as liver function test.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.14.1-14.4
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• 2017

Rumex crispus (RC) or Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been used traditionally to treat various diseases and has been also consumed as a functional food made by humanitas medicine concept. We prepared a new herbal mixture, AST2017-01 which is mainly composed of processed (Beopje)-RC (P-RC) and -CM (P-CM). This study aims to validate marker compounds (chrysophanol and cordycepin) in P-RC and P-CM and water extracted-RC and -CM using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we analyzed contents of chrysophanol and cordycepin in AST2017-01. The linarites of chrysophanol and cordycepin were obtained in calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation of 0.999. The results showed that the concentrations of chrysophanol and cordycepin in P-RC and P-CM were almost 1.70 and 1.23 fold higher than that in RC and CM, respectively. Furthermore, contents of chrysophanol and cordycepin in the AST2017-01 are approximately 0.13% and 0.028%, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicate that chrysophanol and cordycepin were validated as marker compounds in the AST2017-01.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

Arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. In the present study, the gene encoding ASST was cloned from a genomic library copy of Citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pGEM3Zf(-) and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homologyl they were designated as astA and dsbA, respectively. The amino acid sequence of astA deduced from C. freundii was highly similar to that of the Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter amnigenus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas putida, and Campylobacter jejuni, encoded by the astA genes. However, the ASST activity assay revealed different acceptor specificities. Using p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS) as a donor substrate, $\alpha$-naphthol was found to be the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine and tyrosine.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2011

Let X and Y be vector spaces. It is shown that a mapping $f\;:\;X{\rightarrow}Y$ satisfies the functional equation $$(\ddag)\hspace{50}dk\;f\left(\frac{\sum_{j=1}^{dk}x_j}{dk}\right)=\displaystyle\sum_{j=1}^{dk}f(x_j)$$ if and only if the mapping $f$ : X ${\rightarrow}$ Y is Cauchy additive, and prove the Cauchy-Rassias stability of the functional equation ($\ddag$) in Banach modules over a unital $C^{\ast}$-algebra. Let $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ be unital $C^{\ast}$-algebras. As an application, we show that every almost homomorphism $h\;:\;\mathcal{A}{\rightarrow}\mathcal{B}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ into $\mathcal{B}$ is a homomorphism when $h((k-1)^nuy)=h((k-1)^nu)h(y)$ for all unitaries $u{\in}\mathcal{A}$, all $y{\in}\mathcal{A}$, and $n$ = 0,1,2,$\cdots$. Moreover, we prove the Cauchy-Rassias stability of homomorphisms in $C^{\ast}$-algebras.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2908-2924
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• 2019

Multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is widely applied in wireless communication by virtue of its excellent properties in data transmission rate and transmission accuracy. However, as a major drawback of MIMO-OFDM systems, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) complicates the design of the power amplifier at the receiver end. Some available PAPR reduction methods such as selective mapping (SLM) suffer from high computational complexity. In this paper, a low-complexity SLM method based on active constellation extension (ACE) and joint space-time selective mapping (AST-SLM) for reducing PAPR in Alamouti STBC MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed. In SLM scheme, two IFFT operations are required for obtaining each transmission sequence pair, and the selected phase vector is transmitted as side information(SI). However, in the proposed AST-SLM method, only a few IFFT operations are required for generating all the transmission sequence pairs. The complexity of AST-SLM is at least 86% less than SLM. In addition, the SI needed in AST-SLM is at least 92.1% less than SLM by using the presented blind detection scheme to estimate SI. We show, analytically and with simulations, that AST-SLM can achieve significant performance of PAPR reduction and close performance of bit error rate (BER) compared to SLM scheme.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.396-400
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• 2008

목 적: 최근 10년간 비특이 반응성 간염(NRH)과 자주 동반되는 질환의 분포 그리고, AST와 ALT 수치의 변화 양상과 여러 변수에 의한 차이를 알아보고자 이 연구를 시행했다. 방 법: 1997년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 성가병원에서 입원치료 했던 22,763명 중에 간 수치가 상승된 환자는 646명 이었다. 이 중에서 NRH의 정의에 부합하지 않거나 추적 관찰되지못한 197명을 제외한 449명을 대상으로 NRH의 나이별 발생 빈도, AST와 ALT 수치의 이환기간, 회복기간, 최고수치, 일당 회복수치 비교, 남녀에 따른 차이 및 질환에 따른 차이를 분석했다. 결 과: NRH의 유병율은 2.84%였다. AST에 비해 ALT의 이환기간과 회복기간이 길고, 최고수치도 높게 나왔다. 남녀 비는1.63 : 1로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. AST와 ALT 수치 이환기간과 회복기간에서 남자가 여자보다 길게 나타났다. 그리고 호흡기 감염과 위장관염이 가장 많은 빈도를 보였다. 호흡기 감염과 위장관염을 분석했을 때 호흡기 감염이 위장관염보다 AST 와 ALT의 최고수치가 높았다. 결 론: NRH는 소아입원환자의 2.84%에서 나타나는 흔한 질환이다. 그러나 이에 대한 일반적인 인식이 부족한 편이어서 질환의 기전이나 경과가 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 향후 이 질환에 대한 많은 연구가 있어야 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.587-600
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• 2016

We obtain the general solution of the functional equation $f(ax+y)-f(x-ay)+{\frac{1}{2}}a(a^2+1)f(x-y)+(a^4-1)f(y)={\frac{1}{2}}a(a^2+1)f(x+y)+(a^4-1)f(x)$ and prove the stability problem of the quartic Lie ${\ast}$-derivation by using a directed method and an alternative fixed point method.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.701-707
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• 1998

An operator $T{\in} {{\mathcal L}(H)}$ is generalized k-quasihyponormal if there exist a constant M>0 such that $T^{\ast k}[M^2(T-z)^{\ast}(T-z)-(T-z)(T-z)^{\ast}]T^k{\geq}0$ for some integer $k{\geq}0$ and all $Z{\in} {\mathbf C}$. In this paper, we show that it T is a generalized k-quasihyponormal operator with the property $0{\not\in}{\sigma}(T)$, then T is subscalar of order 2. As a corollary, we get that such a T has a nontrivial invariant subspace if its spectrum has interior in C.