• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2008

Objectives: Valid data on the national cancer incidence (NCI) is the data should be needed to plan, monitor and evaluate the national cancer control programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the NCI for 2000-2002 from 8 population-based cancer registries database in Korea (KRCR DB). Methods: We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then adding to the weighted observed cases, according to sex, age groups, and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the eight regions and the population of all areas with excluding the 8 regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, he estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by he umber of the total population. The standard error (SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. Results: The overall estimated crude rates in 2000-2002 ere 267.1 and 219.0 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The overall age-standardized rates (ASR) were 290.1 and 180.7 per 100,000, respectively. Compared with the ASRs obtained from Korea National Cancer Incidence database (KNCI DB), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB did not show statistically significant differences except for some cancers in women. For the aspect of the SE, index of DCO(death certificate only) and of MV(microscopically verified), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB are more accurate and they have higher quality rather than the calculated ASRs from the KNCI DB. Conclusions: We found that this developed method using the KRCR DB is valid and it could be another strategy for estimating the NCI in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.10003-10008
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer has been a leading female cancer in Thailand for decades, and has been second to breast cancer after 2007. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) has provided opportunistic screening with Pap smears for more than 30 years. In 2002, the MoPH and the National Health Security Office provided countrywide systematic screening of cervical cancer to all Thai women aged 35-60 years under universal health care coverage insurance scheme at 5-year intervals. Objectives: This study characterized the cervical cancer incidence trends in Songkhla in southern Thailand using joinpoint and age period cohort (APC) analysis to observe the effect of cervical cancer screening activities in the past decades, and to project cervical cancer rates in the province, to 2030. Materials and Methods: Invasive and in situ cervical cancer cases were extracted from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 through 2010. Age standardized incidence rates were estimated. Trends in incidences were evaluated by joinpoint and APC regression models. The Norpred package was modified for R and was used to project the future trends to 2030 using the power of 5 function and cut trend method. Results: Cervical cancer incidence in Songkhla peaked around 1998-2000 and then dropped by -4.7% per year. APC analysis demonstrated that in situ tumors caused an increase in incidence in early ages, younger cohorts, and in later years of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both joinpoint and APC analysis give the same conclusion in continuation of a declining trend of cervical cancer to 2030 but with different rates and the predicted goal of ASR below 10 or even 5 per 100,000 women by 2030 would be achieved. Thus, maintenance and improvement of the screening program should be continued. Other population based cancer registries in Thailand should analyze their data to confirm the success of cervical cancer screening policy of Thailand.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5867-5870
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Malaysian women with an ASR of 17.9 and a mortality rate of 5.6 per 100,000 population in 2008 (GLOBOCAN, 2008). The 5 year prevalence was estimated to be 14.5 per 100,000 population. As the second most common cancer affecting productive females, cervical cancer imposes an impact to the socioeconomic aspect of the country. However, the poor uptake of cervical cancer screening is a major problem in detecting early pre-cancerous lesions and thus, delay in initiating treatment for cervical cancer. Realizing the urgency to increase the uptake of PAP smear, besides enhancing the promotion of PAP smear screening for women above 35 years old, the call-recall system for pap smear screening had been piloted in one of the suburban districts which aimed to improve regular participation of women for cervical and breast cancer screening. This is of public health importance as identifying the best feasible option to increase patient's respond to participate in the screening program effectively in our setting will be helpful in implementing an organized regular population based screening program tailored to our setting. The pilot program of cervical cancer screening in Klang was an opportunity to assess different options in recalling patients for a repeat pap smear to increase their participation and adherence to the program. Methods and Results: This was a population based randomized control trial. Women aged 20-65 years in the population that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria were re-called for a repeat smear. There are four different intervention groups; letter, registered letters, short messages services (SMS) and phone calls where 250 subjects were recruited into each group. Samples were generated randomly from the same population in Klang into four different groups. The first group received a recall letter for a repeat smear similar to the one that has been given during the first invitation. The intervention groups were either be given a registered letter, an SMS or a phone call to re-call them. The socio-demographic data of the patients who came for uptake were collected for further analysis. All the groups were followed up after 8 weeks to assess their compliance to the recall. Conclusions: The study will provide recommendations about the most effective methods for recall in a population based pap smear screening program on two outcomes: i) patients response; ii) uptake for repeat pap smear.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2008

Objectives : Effective cancer prevention and control measures can only be done when dependable data on the cancer incidence is available. The Seoul Cancer Registry (SCR) was founded to provide valid, comparable and representative cancer incidence data for Koreans. We aimed to compare the cancer incidence in the first (1993-1997) and second term (1998-2002) of the SCR, and we analyzed the annual incidence trend during that 10 years. Methods : The SCR detects potential cancer cases through the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) data, the health insurance claims, the individual hospital's discharge records and the death certificates. About 87% of the SCR data is registered through the KCCR. The rest of the data is registered by SCR registrars who visit about $70{\sim}80$ mid-sized hospitals in Seoul to review and abstract the medical records of the potential cancer patients. Results: The total number of new cancer cases was higher in $1998{\sim}2002$ than in $1993{\sim}1997$ by 20.6% for men and 18.4% for women, respectively. The age-standardized rate (ASR) of total cancer per 100,000 increased 1% (from 295.4 to 298.3) for men and 5.1% (from 181.5 to 190.7) for women, between the two periods. The commonest cancer sites during 1998-2002 for men were stomach, liver, bronchus/lung, colorectum, bladder and prostate, and the commonest cancer sites for women were breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix uteri, thyroid and bronchus/lung. Compared with the ASRs in 1993, the ASRs in 2002 increased for colorectum (58.4% for men, 27.1% for women), prostate (81.5%), breast (58.3% for women), thyroid (141% for women), and bronchus/lung (15.4% for women). The ASRs for stomach (-18.7% for men, -20.7% for women) and uterine cervix cancer (-39.7%) had decreased. Conclusions : The cancer incidence is increasing in Seoul, Korea, especially for the colorectum and prostate for men, and for the breast, colorectum, bronchus/lung and thyroid for women.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

HIV감염자는 질병의 진전에 무관하게 감염 후의 경과 시기에 따라서 CD4 T림프세포등 각종 면역상태를 나타내는 표지가 변한다 따라서 HW감염자의 질병진전을 예보하기 위하여서는 정기적으로 CD4등 각종표지를 측정하여 감염자의 질병상태를 monitoring하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 수치를 감염자관리에 적용하기 위하여서는 우리나라 일반인의 정상치를 파악하여 이를 지표로 해야 하므로 국내정상인의 각종 면역치에 대한 조사가 요구된다. 현재의 기준으로는 500이하로 떨어질 때에는 예방차원에서 AZT를 복용하게 되며 200이하로 떨어지면 질병의 유무에 관계없이 환자로 관리하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 185명의 감염자와 140명의 비감염자에 대하여 정기적으로 CD4 및 CD8T 림프세포와 CD4/CD8비를 측정하였다. 시험은 Flow cytometer(Facstar)를 이용하여 각각의 CD 분자에 대한 모노크로날 항체를 이용하여 2중혈광색소 염색방법으로 측정 하였다. HIV감염자의 CD4-T림프세포 절대수 및 백분율은 각각 462 및 18.2%이었는 반면, CD8의 수치는 1,170 및 47.0%이었다. 또한 CD4/CDB비는 0.43이었다. 이와는 대조적으로 비감염자의 경우, 한국인의 CD4의 평균 세포수는 886, 백분율은 32.9%이었으며, CD8 세포수는 730, 백분율은 26.8 그리고 CD4/CD8비는 1.31이었다. 외국인과 한국인과의 면역지표 수치를 비교하였을 때에 CD4세포수와 백분율, CD8의 백분율에서는 현저한 차이가 없었으나 외국인 비감염자의 경우 CD4백분율이 43.6%, CD8 T림프세포의 절대수가 560으로 한국인과 약간의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 HIV 감염자관리를 위한 면역지표측정시험에서의 각종수치의 정확한 해석을 위하여서는 한국인 비감염자수치를 고려해야할 것으로 판단된다.