• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2002

This paper presents a reliable fully automatic labeling system which fits well with languages having well-developed syllables such as in Korean. The ASL System utilize DAC (Divide and Conquer), a control mechanism, based segmentation algorithm to use phonetic and acoustic information with greater efficiency. The segmentation algorithm is to devide speech signals into speechlets which is localized speech signal pieces and to segment each speechlet for speech boundaries. While HMM method has uniform and definite efficiencies, the suggested method gives framework to steadily develope and improve specified acoustic knowledges as a component. Without using statistical method such as HMM, this new method use only phonetic-acoustic information. Therefore, this method has high speed performance, is consistent extending the specific acoustic knowledge component, and can be applied in efficient way. we show experiment result to verify suggested method at the end.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1034-1037
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• 2009

Sign language spotting is the task of detecting the start and end points of signs from continuous data and recognizing the detected signs in the predefined vocabulary. The difficulty with sign language spotting is that instances of signs vary in both motion and shape. Moreover, signs have variable motion in terms of both trajectory and length. Especially, variable sign lengths result in problems with spotting signs in a video sequence, because short signs involve less information and fewer changes than long signs. In this paper, we propose a method for spotting variable lengths signs based on semi-CRF (semi-Markov Conditional Random Field). We performed experiments with ASL (American Sign Language) and KSL (Korean Sign Language) dataset of continuous sign sentences to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms both HMM and CRF.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

Parasitic leeches could directly (through causing poor growth, anemia and wound in the fish) and indirectly (by predisposition of the fish to secondary bacterial and fungal infections) affects their hosts. In the present study, fishes that were attacked by leeches in natural and experimental environment were studied. Pathologic samples were obtained from damages at the site of leech bite, as well as kidney and liver of the fish. Histopathological examination revealed numerous lesions at the site of leech bite including tissue demolition, detachment at the site of leech bite in the epidermis of epithelial tissue in the skin, destructed nucleus in epithelial cells of the skin plus necrosis in the damaged skin and weak inflammatory penetration to acute necrotic damages along with piercing dermis layer. Pathologic lesions in the kidney included some changes such as proliferation by increasing glomerular cells and membrane cells in capillary vein of the kidney, blood cell necrosis in kidney with infiltration of white blood cells mainly mononuclear and less polymorphonuclear which are the symptoms of anemia due to blood feeding and sucking by leeches. There was also a chronic kidney infection probably originated from another part of body such as skin. Moreover, leeches caused hemorrhagic anemia due to blood consumption of the hosts, which led to observation of immature red blood cells. Also results showed that diseases induced by leeched in fish could be acute or chronic, which depends on size of fish, species of leech and severity of infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6857-6862
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. All ages are susceptible and more than 90% of the patients can be cured with early diagnosis. Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography can be useful for this aim. In this study we examined the components of the Champion health belief model to identify if they could predict the intentions of women to perform such screening. Materials and Methods: A total of 380 women aged 30 and above who had referred to health-care centers were assessed for use of breast cancer screening over the past year with a modified health belief model questionnaire. Logistic regression was applied to identify leading independent predictors. Results: In this study 27% of the women performed BSE in the last year but only 6.8% of them used mammography as a way of screening. There were significant differences regarding all components of the model except for perceived severity between women that underwent BSE. over the past year and those that did not. Findings were similar for mammography. Regression analysis revealed that intentions to perform BSE were predicted by perceived self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE while intentions to perform mammography were predicted by perceived barriers. Conclusions: This study indicated that self-efficacy can support performance of BSE while perceived barriers are important for not performing both BSE and mammography. Thus we must educate women to increase their self-efficacy and decrease their perceived barriers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.109-120
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with mirror therapy on balance and gait ability in chronic stroke patients. Thirty-five subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into three groups: the functional electrical stimulation with mirror therapy group(FMT group, n=11), mirror therapy group(MT group, n=12), and control group (n=12). The exercises were conducted for 30 min per day, five, per week for four weeks. Balance and gait ability were examined at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. After training, the FMT group showed significant improvement in berg balance scale (BBS), center of pressure (COP) length, affected step length (ASL), Cadence and average gait speed (AGS) compared MT group and control group(p<0.05). This findings show that FES and MT convergence can be an effective intervention for stroke patients balance and gait ability. Continued development of convergence interventions for stroke patients with balance and gait ability in practice, are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.8 s.210
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Ash solutions derived from vegetation have been known for their good mordanting action. They are used as finishing agents because they are able to promote dye uptake. It is expected that the types of ash solutions may have been different worker by worker since the workers have employed easy-to-get plants, when we reviewed old literature. However, the ash solutions are being used without clear distinctions between their characteristics. In this study, camellia ash solution and rice straw ash solution were prepared according to traditional methods. Using these solutions as mordanting agents, natural dyeing experiments with Caesdpinia Sappan were peformed. Following the dyeing procedure, the effect of the type of ash solution on the color of the dyed fabric was evaluated. The results showed that the ash solution mordanting effect us not dependent upon the components of the ash solution. It was also demonstrated that the mordanting effect was not based on the action of the metallic ions in the ash solution. The pH values of the ash solutions were adjusted in order to investigate the effect of changes in ash solution alkalinity on the dyeing process. The pH values ranged from neutral or weak acidity to the alkaline range in order to evaluate the characteristics of the mordanting tv the ash solutions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.425-429
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• 2016

Background: Dermatoscopy can be applied to diagnose pigmented skin lesions. The aim of the present study was to compare dermatoscopic and histopathologic results in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanocytic nevus of theface. Materials and Methods: In an analytical-descriptive study, 61 patients suspected of BCC or melanocytic nevi of face were randomly selected. The skin lesions of patients were evaluated with dermatoscopic method from February 2012 to February 2014 and results were compared with pathological features of samples. Results: In this study, mean age of patients was $49.5{\pm}18.9$. Some 25 (41%) were men and 36 (59%) were women. In 27 cases (44.3%) there was diagnosis of melanocytic nevus, in 28 cases (45.9%) diagnosis of BCC, and in 3 cases (4.9%) there was mixed diagnosis. The relationship between patients' gender and dermatoscopic diagnosis of the patients was statistically significant (P=0.001). For BCC the sensitivity and specificity of dermatoscopic method were 100% and 97% respectively and for melanocytic nevi 96.4% and 97%. Conclusions: Dermatoscopic study not only can be helpful in improving clinical diagnosis while guiding missed malignant lesions to pathologic evaluations, but also could be useful in evaluating further suspicious or recurrent cases.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe arterial spin labeling MR image findings of status epilepticus. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review within our institute revealed six patients who had been clinically diagnosed as status epilepticus and had also undergone MR imaging that included ASL in addition to routine sequences. Results: Six patients with status epilepticus were studied by conventional MR and arterial spin labeling imaging. All patients showed increased regional CBF correlating with EEG pathology. Notably, in two patients, conventional MRI and DWI showed no abnormal findings whereas pCASL demonstrated regional increased CBF in both patients. Conclusion: Arterial spin labeling might offer additional diagnostic capabilities in the evaluation of patients with status epilepticus.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 1987

Protein productivities of a cloned gene ($\beta$-galactosidase) and the cultural performances of two recombinant Escherichia coli strains, which use different host-vector systems, were studied. E. coli JM109/pTBG10 strain which carries Tac promoter had higher protein productivity than E. coli MH3000 (pRKc1857)/pASI(lacZ) strain which carries pL promoter. Induction of protein syn-thesis was optimum at the initial-and mid-logarithmic growth phases for both strains. Oxygen demand was observed to be very high during the cloned gene expression, and could be alleviated to some extent through pH control. The ratio of specific growth rates of plasmid-harboring to plasmidfree cell, $\mu$+ /$\mu$-, of the high productivity strain was observed to be lower than that of the low productivity one. Plasmid stability was analyzed for 20-30 generations, and it was found that the traction of plasmid-harboring cells dropped to l0% level in about 25 generations for both strains when the cloned gene expression was induced.