• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2024

This research is on how people's trust in human-like AI-based service will influence customer engagement (CE). This study will discuss the relationship between trust and CE and explore how people's trust in AI affects CE when they lack knowledge of the company/brand. Items from the philosophical study of trust were extracted to build a scale suitable for trust in AI. The scale's reliability was ensured, and six components of trust in AI were merged into three dimensions: trust based on Quality Assurance, Risk-taking, and Corporate Social Responsibility. Trust based on quality assurance and risk-taking is verified to positively impact customer engagement, and the feelings about AI-based service fully mediate between all three dimensions of trust in AI and CE. The new trust scale for human-like AI-based services on social media sheds light on further research. The relationship between trust in AI and CE provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.33 no.1_2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2021

The cold surge is an important extreme weather in East Asia during winter, and is largely affected by behavior of the Siberian high Arctic Oscillation, which represents undulation of large-scale pressure pattern in the Arctic region. Recent studies also revealed that the synoptic low pressure system developing in the eastern boundary of the Asian continent is sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) and plays an important role in strengthening the cold advection over the Korean Peninsula during cold surges. In this study, we analyzed the Arctic Oscillation affecting the large-scale background of cold surge in East Asia, and the sea surface temperature in the coast of East Asia is examined focusing on its role on synoptic low-inducing cold advection. For the analysis, the days with the bottom 3% of the average daily temperature, measured at five surface stations in Korean Peninsula during 49 years (1969/70-2017/18), were used for the cold surge cases. During the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, a strong trough is observed over East Asia, and the inflow of cold air from the polar region is strengthened, which lead to frequent cold surges. In addition, anomalously high SST in the eastern coast of Asia increases sensible and latent heat release from the ocean, therefore, it enlarges the likelihood of synoptic low-inducing extreme cold surges.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.615-617
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• 2003

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the important trace gases because its concentration in the troposphere directly influences the concentrations of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH), which controls the lifetimes of tropospheric trace gases. CO traces the transport of global and regional pollutants from industrial activities and large scale biomass burning. The distributions of CO were analyzed using the MOPITT data for East Asia, which were compared with the ozone distributions. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a peak in the spring, which decrease in the summer. The monthly average for CO shows a similar profile to that for O$_3$. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in the spring is possibly due to one of two causes: the photochemical production of CO in the troposphere, or the transport of the CO into East Asia. The seasonal cycles for CO and O$_3$ in East Asia are extensively influenced by the seasonal exchanges of different air mass types due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of O$_3$ and CO, due to the higher continental background concentrations, and sometimes to the contribution from regional pollution. In summer this transport pattern is reversed, where the Pacific marine air masses that prevail over Korea bring low concentrations of CO and O$_3$, which tend to give the apparent summer minimums.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-118
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• 2017

This study assesses the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing regional climate over CORDEX-East Asia Phase 2 domain with different cumulus parameterization schemes [Kain-Fritch (KF), Betts-Miller-Janjic (BM), and Grell-Devenyi-Ensemble (GD)]. The model is integrated for 27 months from January 1979 to March 1981 and the initial and boundary conditions are derived from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim). The WRF model reasonably reproduces the temperature and precipitation characteristics over East Asia, but the regional scale responses are very sensitive to cumulus parameterization schemes. In terms of mean bias, WRF model with BM scheme shows the best performance in terms of summer/winter mean precipitation as well as summer mean temperature throughout the North East Asia. In contrast, the seasonal mean precipitation is generally overestimated (underestimated) by KF (GD) scheme. In addition, the seasonal variation of the temperature and precipitation is well simulated by WRF model, but with an overestimation in summer precipitation derived from KF experiment and with an underestimation in wet season precipitation from BM and GD schemes. Also, the frequency distribution of daily precipitation derived from KF and BM experiments (GD experiment) is well reproduced, except for the overestimation (underestimation) in the intensity range above (less) then $2.5mm\;d^{-1}$. In the case of the amount of daily precipitation, all experiments tend to underestimate (overestimate) the amount of daily precipitation in the low-intensity range < $4mm\;d^{-1}$ (high-intensity range > $12mm\;d^{-1}$). This type of error is largest in the KF experiment.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-40
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• 2000

This study aims at proposing a direction of improving the efficiency in Korean information technology(IT) industry. In the face of re-engineering which has been done in most industries, it is very important to assess the validity of their restructuring or M&A based on the future efficiency. At first, by using the DEA/WINDOW, we will evaluate how the 30 firms are efficient for outputting their performance with respect to the profit realization and market ability. Then, in order to propose the direction of the efficiency improvement and suitable restructuring strategy, we will clarify how the efficiency of IT firms depends on their firm size. Finally, we will analyze their 'economy of scale' and also reveal how their economy of scale depends on the firm size based on return-to-scale(RTS).

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-98
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• 2001

As the average size of web sites gets larger, users tend to experience more severe problems while navigating through the sites. In order to alleviate the navigation-related problems, this paper proposes two new navigation systems based on the spatial metaphor to the navigation in the real world. Prototypes of the two system, Complete Route Navigation(CRN) and Complete Survey Navigation(CSN), were developed and applied to four versions of test bed web sites, which were then used in an experiment to test the effectiveness of the two navigation systems. Results from the experiment indicate that the two systems are indeed effective in aiding users to navigate in a large scale web site, and have more positive impacts when provided together. This paper ends with the limits of the study results and their implications to the development of large-scale web sites.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

This paper makes a quantitative analysis of the diachronic evolution of ancient Chinese vocabulary by constructing and counting a large-scale rough annotated corpus. The texts from Si Ku Quan Shu (a collection of Chinese ancient books) are automatically segmented to obtain ancient Chinese vocabulary with time information, which is used to the statistics on word frequency, standardized type/token ratio and proportion of monosyllabic words and dissyllabic words. Through data analysis, this study has the following four findings. Firstly, the high-frequency words in ancient Chinese are stable to a certain extent. Secondly, there is no obvious dissyllabic trend in ancient Chinese vocabulary. Moreover, the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD) and Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) are probably the two periods with the most abundant vocabulary in ancient Chinese. Finally, the unique words with high frequency in each dynasty are mainly official titles with real power. These findings break away from qualitative methods used in traditional researches on Chinese language history and instead uses quantitative methods to draw macroscopic conclusions from large-scale corpus.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.685-689
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• 2002

This study focused the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the evapotranspiration (ET) temporal changes. Especially, the interannual change of the NDVI and ET from 1982 to 2000 at regional to continental scales was highlighted mainly over Asia. Monthly global NDVI data were acquired from Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data (1$\times$1 degree resolution). The monthly ET was estimated from assimilated atmospheric data provided from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (2.5$\times$2.5 degree resolution), and gridded global precipitation data of CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) (2.5$\times$2.5 degree resolution). Significant positive correlations were found between the NDVI and ET interannual changes in May and June over western Siberia. Moreover, it was revealed that the most of area in Asia has positive correlation coefficient in May and June. These results delineate that the vegetation activity significantly contributes to the ET interannual change over extensive areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.6_2
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• pp.1081-1091
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• 2020

The most recent issue of offshore plants that produce oil and gas are the decommissioning engineering of aged or discontinued platforms. There are many platforms that are being dismantled in the United States, Europe, and areas in Southeast Asia. In particular, more than 400 old platforms in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia) are preparing to dismantle. They are spread out across Southeast Asia with a water level of 50 meters and small-scale of less than 10,000 tons. However, this offshore plant decommissioning market is a very suitable market for small and medium-sized shipyards in Korea to enter with their established equipment and engineers. Platform decommissioning is conducted according to decommissioning procedures. However, there are some difficulties in market advances as no developed case studies or process models are established on how platform structures and components are to be dismantled and how the dismantled material is to be reused and recycled. Therefore, this study presented domestic and foreign regulations on the reuse and recycling of oil and gas producing offshore plant platforms, case analyses on developed decommissioning engineering, platform reuse and recycling guidelines, and platform and pipeline decommissioning processes and methods.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-152
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• 2022

Both in popular perception and specialized literature, the Achaemenid Empire, for over two centuries the most important player from the Aegean to the Indus, is rarely evoked in correlation with the complex of socio-cultural dynamics which shaped the spaces of what has become known as the Silk Road(s). Building on the case study of the Pazyryk carpet on the one hand (King 2021, 353-361, Linduff and Rubinson 2021, 88-97), and of the spread of an artistic motive such as the quatrefoil on the other (Kim 2021), this paper explores the rich and complex nature of the commercial networks that flourished across Central Asia under the aegis of Achaemenid Great Kings. Both archaeological and literary evidence shall be discussed (especially the Aramaic Documents from Ancient Bactria: Naveh and Shaked 2012, and now King 2021, 315-320). If taken together and read against the grain, such material is significant for the following reasons. First, it suggests the existence - and the scale - of commercial activities directly fostered or indirectly promoted by the imperial administration in Central Asia, an area of crucial importance within the Achaemenid domains, but for which our evidence is rather scanty and difficult to assess. Second, it shows how the Achaemenid "Imperial Paradigm" (Henkelman 2017) affected the social and economic landscape of Central Asia even after the demise of the Empire itself, thus considerably shaping the world of the Silk Road(s) a century before the Ancient Sogdian Letters (de la Vaissière 2005, 43-70) or Zhāng Quiān's famous report.