• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2017

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and other nutrients for humans and animals. Raffinose and stachyose are the main antinutritional factors in soybean seed. They are carbohydrates belonging to the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, which are not readily digested in humans and cause flatulence or diarrhea. The genetic reduction of the raffinose and stachyose contents in mature soybean seeds will improve the nutritional value of soybean. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic traits with 10 $F_6$ strains selected from breeding populations derived from a cross among seven parents. The contents of raffinose and stachyose in mature seeds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agronomic traits such as flower color, flowering date, harvesting date, lodging, plant height, seed coat color, hilum color, 100 seed weight, and yield were evaluated. Ten intermediate parents showed low raffinose and stachyose contents. The intermediate parent 883-1 had a small seed size, six intermediate parents (15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-33, RS-64, and RS-70) had a medium seed size, and two intermediate parents (14G20 and RS-21) had a large seed size. The intermediate parent RS-21 had a black seed coat and a green cotyledon. Four intermediate parents (883-1, 14G20, RS-5, and RS-21) had elite agronomic traits. The new intermediate parents developed through this study will be used to develop improved soybean cultivars with low contents of raffinose and stachyose.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2019-2025
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• 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major health problem with high mortality rates, especially in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Telomerase function is one of common mechanisms affecting genome stability and cancer development. Recent studies demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms of telomerase associated genes such as telomerase associated protein 1 (TEP1) rs1713449 and PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1) rs1469557 may be associated with risk of HCC and other cancers. In this study, 325 patients with HCC and 539 non-HCC groups [193 healthy controls, 80 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 266 patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis (CH)] were enrolled to explore genetic polymorphisms of both SNPs using the allelic discrimination method based on MGB probe TaqMan real time PCR. We demonstrated that all genotypes of both genes were in Hardy-Wienberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant association between rs1713449 genotypes and HCC risk, HCC progression and overall survival (P>0.05). Interestingly, we observed positive association of rs1469557 with risk of HCC when compared with the LC group under dominant (CC versus CT+TT, OR=1.89, 95% CI= 1.06-3.40, P=0.031) and allelic (C versus T alleles, OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.04-2.94, P=0.033) models, respectively. Moreover, overall survival of HCC patients with CC genotype of rs1469557 was significantly higher than non-CC genotype (Log-rank P=0.015). These findings suggest that PINX1 rs1469557 but not TEP1 rs1469557 might play a role in HCC progression in Thai patients with LC and be used as the prognosis marker to predict overall survival in HCC patients.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

This study tested the association between genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker, rs81437607 and capric acid (FA_C10_0) compositions in longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs. Eighteen fatty acid (FA) compositions were measured in a total of 974 $F_2$ animals among 1,106 $F_2$ progeny produced between Landrace and Jeju Black Pig (JBP). Among FA compositions tested, we identified a cluster of highly significant SNPs for capric acid compositions on 58 Mb position of Sus scrofa chromosome 12 (SSC12) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) with $F_2$ genotypes from SNP panel analysis. GWAS results showed that the rs81437607 was the highest trait-related SNP marker with capric acid levels. Three genotypes (C/C, C/T and T/T) of rs81437607 marker were found in $F_2$ population by further pyrosequencing. Association analysis results showed the significant differences between rs81437607 genotypes and capric acid compositions (P<0.05). The $F_2$ pigs harboring rs81437607 C/C ($0.119{\pm}0.002%$) and C/T ($0.116{\pm}0.002%$) genotypes showed additively higher levels of capric acid content than those of T/T homozygotes ($0.109{\pm}0.002%$) ($P=1.30{\times}10^{-12}$). These results suggested that the genetic variations of rs81437607 may be helpful to find causative variants and assist as molecular genetic markers for improving the capric acid contents in longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2007

Osmotic pellet system, which is one of the oral drug delivery systems, has been developed to improve manufacturing process, reduce product cost and other problems of osmotic tablet systems. Osmotic pellet is consisted of water swellable seed layer, drug layer, and membrane layer. Among them, the membrane layer plays an important role in a control of the drug release. In this work, we examined the effect of ratio for Eudragit RL and RS on the drug release behavior. Osmotic pellet with nifedipine as a model drug was easily obtained in a good yield by fluidized bed coater. Osmotic pellet showed round morphology with a range of size $1300{\sim}1500\;{\mu}m$. In the experiment of nifedipine release, the release amount increased with the increase of the ratio of Eudragit. This is due to the fact that Eudragit RL contains more hydrophilic quaternary ammonium group than Eudragit RS. Additionally, the release amount was retarded with increasing the membrane thickness. There are no differences in the release amount measured at the different pH 1.2, 6.5, 6.8, and 7.2. In conclusion, it was found that the drug release from osmotic pellets depended on the composition ratio and coating thickness of membrane layer.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was $226.7mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 18.1% lower than the $276.9mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the red pepper residue biomass (RB) section. The Rs rate of the control was $184.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. In the following year, Rs in the CB section was $204.0mg\;CO_2\;m{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 38.2% lower than the $330.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the RB section; the control emitted $198.6mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Correlation between Rs and soil temperature ((Ts) at a depth of 5 cm) was $R^2=0.51$ in the RB section, which was higher than the other experimental sections. A comparison of annual decomposition rates between RB and CB showed a large difference, 41.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that carbonization of red pepper residues reduced the rates of decomposition and Rs. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the Rs rate can be reduced by carbonization of residue biomass and putting it in the soil and that the Rs rate and Ts (5 cm) were positively correlated. Based on the results, it was determined that approximately $1.2t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were sequestered in the soil in the first year and $3.0t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were stored the following year. Therefore, approximately $1.5t\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ are expected to be stocked in the soil, making it possible to develop farmlands into carbon pools.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-270
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• 2002

Purpose: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which mediate excitatory neurotransmission, are known to participate in various neurophysiological functions. Severe losses of nAChRs have been noted in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, noninvasive and quantitative imaging of nAChRs would offer a better understanding on the function of these receptors. In this study, $2-[^{18}F]fluoro-A85380\;([^{18}F]1)$, an ${\alpha}_4{\beta}_2$ nAChRs radioligand, was prepared using one HPLC purification and evaluated in mouse brain, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Materials and Methods: $[^{18}F]1$ was prepared by $[^{18}F]$fluorination of the iodo precursor followed by acidic deprotection and then purified by HPLC. Tissue distribution studies were performed in mouse brain at the indicated time points and the result was expressed as %ID/g. Inhibition studies were also carried out with pretreatment of various ligands. Results: One HPLC purification method gave the desired product in 15-20% radiochemical yield and with high specific activity ($38-55GBq/{\mu}mol$). Tissue distribution studies showed that $[^{18}F]1$ specifically labeled nAChRs in mouse brain with a high thalamus to cerebellum uptake ratio (13.8 at 90 min). Inhibition studios demonstrated selective binding of $[^{18}F]1$ to nAChRs, blocking the uptake of the $[^{18}F]1$ in nAChR-rich legions by selective ligands such as cytisine and nicotine which are well-known nAChRs agonists. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the $[^{18}F]1$ produced by the method using one HPLC purification gave the results similar to those reported in the literature. Therefore, this synthetic method can be readily applied to the routine preparation of $[^{18}F]1$, a PET radioligand for ${\alpha}_4{\beta}_2$ nAChRs imaging.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.774-778
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• 2010

In this paper, the preliminary EMC analysis process between the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) and the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) launch vehicles in the frequency range is described. The considered launch vehicles are Arian Ⅴ, Sea Launch, Land Launch, Atlas III&Ⅴ, Delta IV, Proton M/breeze M, Soyuz, H II-Aa. The launch vehicle Radiated Susceptibility (RS) specifications have been compared to COMS satellite Radiated Emission (RE) limits. The COMS Radiated Emission (RE) level is determined by calculating the radiated field equal to the quadratic sum of radiated emissions of each equipment switched "ON" during launch. As a result, The RS requirements of Arian V, Atlas III&V and Delta IV lauchers are compliant with COMS RE limits. The negative margins appear between the others launch vehicle RS (Sea Launch, Land Launch, Proton M/Breeze M, Soyuz and H II-A) and COMS RE. Then, if the launchers that have negative margin were chosen by the customer, The EMC tests should be performed at satellite level in order to demonstrate the compatibility with respect to launch vehicles requirements.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare the effects of rice straw and towage sludge cake as bulking materials on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction, porosity, C/N ratio, salinity, and conductivity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Volume ratios of food wastes to rice straw in reactor control, RS-1, RS-2, RS-3 and RS-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Weight ratios of food wastes to sewage sludge rake in reactor control, SL-1, SL-2, SL-3 and SL-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The values of pH of food waters, rice straw and sewage sludge cake were 4.39, 7.40 and 5.79, respectively. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to rice straw resulted in the high reaction temperature and the fast weight and volume reduction rates. The lowering of the weight ratio of food wastes to sewage sludge cake resulted in the slow weight and volume reduction rates. C/N ratio in control was larger than that in rice straw containing reactors, and that in rice straw containing reactors was larger than that in sewage sludge cake containing reactors. Salinity and conductivity in reactors were condensed and increased by reaction days.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.369-375
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• 2009

The next local election for Jeollabuk-do will be held in 2010. In preparation for this, we conducted a study to observe whether or not if minute regionalism occurred during the fourth "Nationally coordinated local election" which was held on May 31st in 2006. This study is based on Jeollabuk-do provincial governor election data. For this, we introduced a RS index which is used to measure how evenly each candidate for governor of the province received votes, and chi-statistics that measure each candidate's local intimacy. Further more, we checked out whether minute regionalism occurred or not by putting to practical use correspondence analysis. As a result, we could confirm that minute regionalism occurred to a few candidates. After reviewing many measurements, we found that a RS index's validity is not high.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

In this thesis we introduce a large quantity of input interface system using a low cost single chip microcontroller which is consists of walking board with 1600 switches, RS485 communication for switch data communication and PC application software for walking pattern analysis. When a pedestrian walks on the walking board, the pattern analysis of foot pressed switches can be utilized on diverse divisions of sports and industry such as walking physical therapy, dancing, a large quantity of sensors interface system, etc.