• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2610-2628
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• 2019

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are constant attacks of specific targets by hackers using intelligent methods. All current internal infrastructures are constantly subject to APT attacks created by external and unknown malware. Therefore, information security officers require a framework that can assess whether information security systems are capable of detecting and blocking APT attacks. Furthermore, an on-line evaluation of information security systems is required to cope with various malicious code attacks. A regular evaluation of the information security system is thus essential. In this paper, we propose a dynamic updated evaluation framework to improve the detection rate of internal information systems for malware that is unknown to most (over 60 %) existing static information security system evaluation methodologies using non-updated unknown malware.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.527-545
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• 2022

In order to effectively detect APT attacks performed by well-organized adversaries, we implemented a system to detect attacks by reconstructing attack chains of APT attacks. Our attack chain-based APT attack detection system consists of 'events collection and indexing' part which collects various events generated from hosts and network monitoring tools, 'unit attack detection' part which detects unit-level attacks defined in MITRE ATT&CK^® techniques, and 'attack chain reconstruction' part which reconstructs attack chains by performing causality analysis based on provenance graphs. To evaluate our system, we implemented a test-bed and conducted several simulated attack scenarios provided by MITRE ATT&CK Evaluation program. As a result of the experiment, we were able to confirm that our system effectively reconstructed the attack chains for the simulated attack scenarios. Using the system implemented in this study, rather than to understand attacks as fragmentary parts, it will be possible to understand and respond to attacks from the perspective of progress of attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of therapeutic exercise on range of motion (ROM), the manual muscle test (MMT), functional movement screen (FMS) and radiological evaluation in a youth football player with football-specific anterior pelvic tilt (APT). METHODS: The subject of this case report was a 12-year-old youth football player, who presented with football-specific APT. Therapeutic exercise consisted of hamstring stretch, prone hip extension, abdominal crunch, bridging with isometric hip abduction, plank exercise with posterior tilt and posterior pelvic tilting exercise using a swiss-ball for 40 min/day, twice a week for 8-weeks. ROM, MMT, FMS (deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, rotary stability and trunk stability push-up) and radiographs (lumbar lordotic and sacral horizontal angle) were analyzed before and after week 8 of therapeutic exercise. RESULTS: The ROM, MMT, and FMS increased and the lumbar lordotic angle and sacral horizontal angle improved after 8-weeks of therapeutic exercise. CONCLUSION: The results of this case report suggest that therapeutic exercise improves ROM, MMT and radiography associated parameters in youth football players with football-specific APT. These findings have clinical implications for therapeutic exercise in youth football players with football-specific APT.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.633-641
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• 2021

The study performed long-term performacne evaluation on the hot mix asphalt using the steel slag aggregates and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). The laboratory comparative evaluation was conducted between conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) which is entitled WC-2 and HMA containing steel slag and RAP which is entitled ES WC-2(R). Dynamic stability test, dynamic modulus test, and fatigue crack test were conducted during the comparative evaluation process. The dynamic stability test result showed that ES WC-2(R) was 140% higher than WC-2. It is noted that ES WC-2(R) showed no inflection point whereas WC-2 showed inflection point during the dynamic stability test which implies ES WC-2(R) has the higher moisture susceptability than WC-2. The dynamic modulus of ES WC-2(R) were 342.3%, 486.7%, and 350.0% higher than WC-2 at medium temperature of 21℃, low temperature of -10℃, and high temperature of 38℃ respectively. The test result showed that rutting resistance of ES WC-2(R) is higher than WC-2 at all temperature spectrum. The fatigue resistance of ES WC-2(R) were 31.7%, 325.3%, 899.9% higher at low stress level, medium stress level, and high stress level, respectively. The test result showed that ES WC-2(R) is higher than WC-2 at all stress levels. Based on the laboratory comparative evaluation, The in-situ scale Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) was conducted comparing WC-2 and WC-2(R). APT found that the rutting resistance of WC-2(R) was 45% higher than WC-2.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

This study attempts to fix an appropriate quantity of space evaluation, focusing on important furniture room visual environment elements. The major results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The degree of satisfaction in the living room is affected by an evaluational factor among factors of space evaluation. 2. In the space estimation for the furniture, the wall furniture is important in the living room because the arragement and occupying proportion of the wall furniture varies widely. 3. In the living room of the APT siza for the common people an appropriate quantity of furniture is classified into 3 types of the occuppying proportion. As the floor occupancy proportion supporting furniture is 13~19%, wall furniture is 10~16% and total furniture which combined both the supporting furniture and the wall furniture is 23~34%. Second, the proportion occupying the wall is 6~9% for the supporing furniture, 9~20% for the wall furniture, and 21~31% for the total furniture. Finaly the proportion occupying the space is 6~9% for the supporting furniture, 9~20% for the wall furniture, and 21~31% for the total furniture. Finaly the proportion occupying the space is 6~9% for the supporting, 6~10% for the wall furniture, and 11~16% for the total furniture.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.97-117
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• 2005

This study was designed to compare the differences m results of supervisor and subordinate rating. Data was collected from personnel evaluation and subordinate rating results for middle managers(n=68) in hospital from 3rd January to 20th March in 2004. Supervisor rating consisted of performance, ability and attitude evaluation. Subordinate rating consisted of leadership, ability and attitude evaluation. Collected data included sociodemographic characteristics, work department, work level, years of work, years at present level and whether working in a patient serving department. The difference of standardized supervisor and subordinate rating score was used to define groups as 'higher in supervisor rating group'. Groups were defined in total score, ability score and attitude score. Main results were as follows: 1. In total score, sectional chiefs were apt to be 'higher in subordinate rating group' while chief clerks were apt to be 'similar group' or 'higher in supervisor rating group'. Staffs in patient serving department were likely to be 'higher in supervisor rating group' and staffs in non-patient serving department were likely to be 'higher in subordinate rating group'. All these results were statistically significant. 2. In ability score, there were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, years of education, work department, work level, years of work and whether working in a patient serving department among 'higher in supervisor rating group', 'similar group' and 'higher in subordinate rating group'. 3. In attitude score, staffs in the department of medical affairs and the department of administration were apt to be 'higher in subordinate rating group'. Staffs in the department of nursing were apt to be 'higher in supervisor rating group'. Staffs in a patient serving department were likely to be 'higher in supervisor rating group' and staffs in a non-patient serving department were likely to be 'higher in subordinate rating group'. All these results were statistically significant. 4. Logistic analysis about total score showed that sectional chiefs had higher Odds Ratio(OR) to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group'. Staffs in a non-patient serving department had higher OR to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group'. Both these results were statistically significant. 5. Logistic analysis about ability score showed that sectional chiefs had higher OR to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group'. Staffs in a non-patient serving department had higher OR to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group'. These results were not statistically significant. 6. Logistic analysis about total score showed that sectional chiefs had higher OR to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group', but the difference was not statistically significant. Staffs in a non-patient serving department had significantly higher OR to be in 'higher in subordinate rating group'. In conclusion, there is no clear superiority between supervisor and subordinate rating in personnel evaluation. It would be better to use a mixed model. It's also suggested to use an intervening rate of application or scores considering work levels and work department in personnel evaluation. These results would be helpful for hospitals planning a supervisor and subordinate rating system for personnel evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.8
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• pp.233-263
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• 1981

The purpose of this study is to bring out the most reasonable and feasible evaluation methods of research library collection in Korea. At the very outset, writer tried to define the purpose and the necessity of collection evaluation. Writer described a collection evaluation is to gain the data for decision making on selection policy, weeding and storage project, and explained it is one of the procedures of a collection development system operation of being explained as repeated three procedures through a collection development plan, an implimentation of the set plan(selection process) and a collection evaluation. Writer also pointed out the fact many libraries in Korea are apt to by pass or overlook this important process. Writer then defined the criteria of a collection evaluation as the measurement of the proportion of library holding's capability to meet users' demands and that of the degree of total collection's utilization. Writer introduced and analysed seven existing collection evaluation methods and concluded the method by a survey of users' needs and opinion and the method by a circulation survey are the most feasible and reasonable methods that can be applied. Writer also added that using above two evaluation methods together can enhance the effectiveness of collection evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 1999

일관성을 평가하기 위한 모형들이 맡은 인터페이스 모델링 연구자들에 의해서 개발되어 왔다. Reisner (1981)의 GRAL(Grammatical Representation of Action language) 모형으로부터 시작된 일관성 평가 모형 개발은 TAG(Task Action Grammar; Payne and Green, 1986), APT(Agent Partitioning Theory: Reisner, 1993), PROCOPE(Poitrenaud, 1995) 모형으로 발전되었다.(중략)

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 1997

Various analytical, empirical and theoretical methods for slope stability assessment were applied on slopes to develop aggregate quarry optimally. Among them are block theory, stereographic analysis, RMR, SMR, limit equilibrium method and maximum likelihood. Test site was estimated that slopes were apt to fail although rock quality was good. Modified direction and dip angle was suggested for stability. To reduce the overbreak and to improve the stability, the vertical blasting was recommended for new subground level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.681-685
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• 1992

Low molecular weight RNA(LMW RNA : 5S rRNA and tRNAs, <150 nucleotides) profiles of several bacteriocin production lactic acid bacteria from pig meats and reference lactic acid bacteria were generated on 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Data evaluation including three molecular weight markers enabled the calculation of relative nucleotide units(RNU) for every band. Gels profiles and RNU evaluations were effective for identification of lactic acid bacteria species. LMW RNA profiles of lactic acid bacteria showed no variation in dependence on APT(All Purpose Tryptone Broth), TSB(Tryptic Soy Broth), MRS(Lactobacilli MRS Broth) different cultural medium.