• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2021

Recently, many studies have considered the effect of atmospheric pressure loading (APL) on precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. The APL deforms the Earth's crust. It can often exceed 10 mm in radial displacement. In this study, we analyze the APL effect on Multi-GNSS kinematic precise point positioning (PPP). In addition, observations received at two GNSS reference stations (DAEJ and SUWN) in South Korea were processed. The absolute position changes for the two stations were compared to before and after applying the APL effects from January 1 to February 29, 2020. The crust of South Korea was most affected by the APL in the up direction. With the APL model, the difference in daily position changes was mostly within 4 mm in the radial direction. On the other hand, the horizontal components (east-west and north-south) were relatively less affected than the radial component.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.54
• /
• pp.235-260
• /
• 2012

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were based on sound principles that are now reflected in the provisions of the Rotterdam Rules, which provide for the use of electronic equivalents to bills of lading. Services involving bills of lading which exist in electronic form for at least part of their lives, and which use encryption to guarantee integrity and security of these electronic records, are already being offered by a number of carriers, among them APL. The relative success of APL's system demonstrates that the use of a system which embodies the basic ideas and processes underlying the CMI Rules could easily become a practical reality in the near future. The basic principles in the CMI Rules and the Rotterdam Rules adopt a minimum requirements approach and does not flesh out the details of procedures for the use of electronic bills. This is an improvement, as it allows adaptability to future technological developments. Successful electronic bill of lading systems can only be developed in response to customer demand, and carriers are in the best position to gauge this and design systems to cater for it. APL has demonstrated this by creating a system which is tailor-made to its customers' requirements. The CMI Rules were correct in their assumption that electronic bill of lading services should be provided by carriers. They also seem to have anticipated that the switch to the electronic medium would not be sudden and complete, but would require a gradual phasing out of paper documents over a long period of time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.45
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1998

The researches of Linear Programming are Khachiyan Method, which uses Ellipsoid Method, and Karmarkar, Affine, Path-Following and Interior Point Method which have Polynomial-Time complexity. In this study, Karmarkar Method is more quickly solved as 50 times then Simplex Method for optimal solution. but some special problem is not solved by Karmarkar Method. As a result, the algorithm by APL Language is proved time efficiency and optimal solution in the Primal-Dual interior point algorithm. Furthermore Karmarkar Method and Primal-Dual interior point Method is compared in some examples.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the practical usefulness of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PACE) fingerprinting of whole cell proteins far the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi. SDS- PACE of whole cell proteins of the reference strains and lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi yielded differential banding patterns that were highly specific fingerprints, thus making it possible to identify. Identification of the isolates from Kimchi was achieved by comparing the SDS-PAGE fingerprints of isolates to those of reference strains. In addition, the reliability of SDS-PAGE was examined by comparing the results with those of the APL 50 CHL system assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence. SDS-PACE assay showed a different identity to reference strains, while the APL 50 CHL system and 16S rRNA gene sequence could not distinguish a few strains. Therefore, SDS-PAGE of the whole cell proteins is a specific and a reliable method that will be useful for the identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi to the species level, and can be used as an alternative or complementary identification method.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.444-454
• /
• 2015

Measurements of bottom backscattering strengths in a frequency range of 6-14 kHz were made on the shallow water off the southern Gyeonggi Bay in Yellow Sea in May 2013, as part of the KIOST-HYU joint acoustics experiment. Geological surveys for the experimental area were performed using multi-beam echo sounder, sparker system, and grab sampling to investigate the bottom topography, sub-bottom profile and composition of surficial sediment, respectively. In this paper, the backscattering strengths as a function of grazing angle (in range of $28^{\circ}{\sim}69^{\circ}$) were estimated and compared to the predictions obtained by Lambert's law and APL-UW scattering model. Finally, the effects of geoacoustic parameters corresponding to the experimental area on the backscattering strengths are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.145-146
• /
• 2001

There are increasing evidences that L-ascorbic acid (LAA) is selectively toxic to some types of tumors at physiological concentrations as a prooxidant, rather than antioxidant. However, the mechanism by which LAA initiates cellular signaling toward cell death is still unclear. Therefore, to determine whether LAA might be useful for the treatment of human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), HL-60 cells, the effects of LAA on proliferation, redox system, MAPK and induction of apoptotic cascades were investigated.(omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to obtain the transgenic Brnssica napus plants with tobacco Apase gene using the binary vector system of Agrobacteriurn fumefociens. The results obtained were summarized as follows: A repressible acid phosphatase gene of Saccharon~yces cerevisiae, pho105 was used for screening of tobacco Apase cDNA. In order to identify Apase gene in tobacco genome, Southern blot analysis was pcrformed and the Apase gcnc may be present as a single copy, or at most two or three copies, in tobacco genome. To isolate the tobacco Apase gene, tobacco cDNA library was constructed using purifed mRNA from -Pi treated tobacco root and the plaque forming unit of the library was 2.8 x $10^5$ pfu/m${\ell}$, therefore the library might cover all expressed mRNAs. Using pho5 as a probe. tobacco Apase cDNA was cloned, and restriction mapping and Southern blot analysis of cDNA insert were revealed that the 3.6 kb cDNA contained tobacco acid phosphatase cDNA. Plasmid pGA695 -tcAPl was constructed by subcloning tobacco Apase cDNA into the Hind site of pGA695 with 35s promoter which can be expressed constitutively in plants. The Brassica napus cotyledonary petioles were cocultivated with the ,4 grobacteriunz and transferred to the selection medium. The transformed and regenerated plants were transplanted to soil medium. Southern blot analysis was done on the transformed plants, and it was confirmed that a foregin gene was stably integrated into the genonies of B. nnpus plants.