• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 1991

A rapid and simple quantitative assay method for aminoglycoside-3'- phosphotransferase (APH(3')) derived from E. coli ATCC 21990 was developed using the thin layer chromatographic densitometry, 3'-phosphorylated kanamycin B (3'-PKMB), product of APH (3') reaction, was separated from reaction mixtures by developing on the silica gel TLC plate with chloroform-methanol-ammonia water (3:4:3). The quantity of the 3'-PKMB was measured by densitometry after color development by ninhydrin method. Densitometric TLC assay for APH (3') was showed a good quantitative result and reproducibility. Sensitivity of this assay was 1.56 nmol of 3'-PKMB and could be analyzed many samples at same time. This method may be applicable for the analysis of inactivating enzymes of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2020

In this present study, the sensitivity of O₄ Air Mass Factor (AMF) to Aerosol Peak Height (APH) has been investigated using radiative transfer model according to various parameters(wavelength (340 nm and 477 nm), aerosol type (smoke, dust, sulfate), aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface reflectance, solar zenith angle, and viewing zenith angle). In general, it was found that O₄ AMF at 477 nm is more sensitive to APH than that at 340 nm and is stably retrieved with low spectral fitting error in Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis. In high AOD condition, sensitivity of O₄ AMF on APH tends to increase. O₄ AMF at 340 nm decreased with increasing solar zenith angle. This dependency isthought to be induced by the decrease in length of the light path where O₄ absorption occurs due to the shielding effect caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering at high solar zenith angles above 40°. At 477 nm, as the solar zenith angle increased, multiple scattering caused by Rayleigh and Mie scattering partly leads to the increase of O₄ AMF in nonlinear function. Based on synthetic radiance, APHs have been retrieved using O₄ AMF. Additionally, the effect of AOD uncertainty on APH retrieval error has been investigated. Among three aerosol types, APH retrieval for sulfate type is found to have the largest APH retrieval error due to uncertainty of AOD. In the case of dust aerosol, it was found that the influence of AOD uncertainty is negligible. It indicates that aerosol types affect APH retrieval error since absorption scattering characteristics of each aerosol type are various.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2013

Anatoxin-a, saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin are produced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae that is a sort of the cyanobacteria phylum. Therefore, it is not permitted for food materials in Korea. Traditionally, the classification of cyanobacteria has been based on morphological characters such as trichome width, cell size, division planes, shape, and the presence of character such as gas vacuole. But, some diagnostic features, such as gas vacuole or akinetes, can show variation with different environmental or growth conditions and even be lost during cultivation. Therefore, we developed detection method for functional foods containing Aph. flos-aquae by PCR. To design the primer, 16S rRNA region of Aph. flos-aquae, Spirulina laxissima, and Spirulina spp. registered in the GeneBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) have been used and for comparative analysis, BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0. was used. As a result, we was design AFA-F1/AFA-R1 (363 bp) primer for the differentiation Aph. flos-aquae from chlorella, spirulina, green tea, and spinach. Also, it could be distinguished chlorella and spirulina products those are made to contain 1% Aph. flos-aquae.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex PCR for the detection of aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, and ant(2")-Ia; the genes that encode the most clinically relevant aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical isolates of 80 E. coli and 23 K. pneumoniae from tertiary university hospital were tested by multiplex PCR. The most prevalent AME gene was aac(6')-Ib which was found in 22.3% of the isolates. Of the total 80 E. coli isolates, 1 isolate was found to contain both aph(3')-Ia and ant(2")-Ia simultaneouly. Of the total 23 K. pneumoniae isolates, 2 isolates were found to contain both aac(6')-Ib and aph(3')-Ia, and 1 isolate was found to contain both aac(6')-Ib and ant(2")-Ia simultaneously. Annual (2005~2009) analysis of isolates that contain the AME genes were of no correlation. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR in detecting AME genes was 94.4% (34 of 36 cases) and 100%, respectively. We suggest the multiplex PCR method we developed could be highly sensitive and specific in detecting the AME genes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. This study could be the first published investigation in which the multiplex PCR method detects aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, and ant(2")-Ia genes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.5 s.82
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• pp.591-598
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• 2000

This study was designed to analysis the airway which affects to breathing, speech and facial growth pattern in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Upper airway and the position of hyoid bone pattern were analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the 78 subjects of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate group and each group was divided two sub-groups by circumpubertal growth peak and gender. These data were statistically analyzed to examine the difference between pre-circumpubertal growth peak group and post-circumpubertal growth peak one, and between male and female group. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, the position of hyoid bone was lower than before in both male and female group. 2. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, the measurement were increased in CV3ia-APH, PNS-ad which related to the volume of pharyngeal space. This was due to the decrease of adenoid and anteroiferior growth of mandible and affected to breathing and speech after circumpubertal growth peak. 3. During circumpubertal growth peak stage, all measurements increased more in male than female group, which due to the different amount of growth in different gender. 4. The position of hyoid bone was lower in male than female group in all age group. 5. After circumpubertal growth peak stage, CV3ia-APH increased more in male. This was due to the more growth in madible of male which resulted in the activation of digastric muscle.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2015

Bacterial dermatitis is common disease that is necessary to treat with antibiotics. In recent, antibiotic-resistant bacteria is being increased in worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of resistant genes in Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius isolated from dogs, and to compare the resistant gene profile with the result of antibiotic disc diffusion test. A total of seven S. pseudintermedius was included in the study. Bacterial identification was performed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis. S. pseudintermedius isolates had more than one antibiotic resistant gene (mecA, blaZ and aac(6')/aph(2"). While all isolates were PCR positive to blaZ gene, only two isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Among five isolates harboring gentamicin resistance, one isolate was negative to aac(6')/aph(2")-targeted PCR. Taken together, the results suggest that resistant gene-targeted PCR and disc diffusion test are complementary to detect antibiotic resistance.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.292-295
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• 2007

개발계획이나 환경계획 수립시에 절대적인 해발고도를 기준으로 지형적 특성을 분석한다면 절대표고가 낮은 지역은 대부분 개발가능지로 구분된다. 따라서 지역적 특성을 반영하는 상대표고를 적용하여야 하나 산의 경계구획，능선설정 등의 어려움으로 아직 전국단위의 구체적인 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 Weiss 가 제안한 지형위치지수 ( Topogr aph i c Position Index, TPI) 를 적용하여 전국 단위의 상대표고 분석 가능성을 검토하였다. TPI 모델 도출 결과와 기존 환경부 국토환경성 평가에 사용한 Gaia EZeye 모델 결과를 중첩 비교한 결과 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and resistance determinants from oral biofilm of children. Subgingival dental plaque was isolated from 87 healthy children, and PCR was performed to determine the presence of 5 periodontal pathogens including P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and nine resistance genes including tet(Q), tet(M), ermF, aacA-aphD, cfxA, $bla_{SHV}$, $bla_{TEM}$, vanA, mecA. 1. The prevalence of F. nucleatum, T. forsythia. and P. gingivalis was 95.4%, 55.2%, and 40.2%, respectively. In addition. the prevalence of A. actinomycetemc omitans was 5.7%, while T. denticola was 3.4%. 2. In analysis of antibiotic resistance determinants. cfxA, $bla_{TEM}$ and tet(M) were detected in all the samples tested. It was also found that the prevalence of tet(Q) showing tetracycline resistance. $bla_{SHV}$ associated with resistance to ${\beta}$-lactams, ermF exhibiting erythromycin resistance, and, vanA resulting vancomycin resistance was 88.5%, 29.9% 87.4%, and 48.5%, respectively. The aacA-aphD gene showing resistance to aminoglycosides and mecA gene harboring methicillin resistance exhibited the lowest prevalence with 9.2%. 3. In a correlation analysis between periodontopathic pathogens and antibiotic resistance determinants, it was found that there was a significant correlation between T. forsythia and $bla_{SHV}$. Also, P. gingivalis and vanA showed a correlation. Finally, tet(Q) and ermF showed a significant correlation (phi: 0.514) while mecA and vanA also showed a correlation(phi: 0.25).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2011

Selecting a suitable place is to determine the attributive conditions and qualified areas for the aim as factors and is to be fulfilled systematically for selecting the area which satisfies all these. This research tries to achieve a rational suitability analysis of residential development using the GIS modeling method and the hierarchical analysis process. A spatial and attributive analysis has been systematized for selecting a suitable place for the study and GIS analysis model has been used for the effective conclusion drawing for different levels. As a next step, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation index was created through complex consideration of the criteria and decision factors of the location selection, and weights were added depending on the relative importance of these factors. In particular, 3D terrain model simulation method has been used in order to reflect the aesthetic factors of the scenery which is an element of the subjective evaluation factors and considered qualitative and subjective evaluation factors which were not considered for the existing AHP technique. After the research, a location that satisfies complex requirements was found rapidly and accurately through the GIS model and hierarchical analysis.