• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1980

Eleven strains of lactobacilli were isolated from fermented milk of 9 companies. They were classified 3 strains as L. bulgaricus, 2 strains as L. plantarum, 2 strains as L. cellobiosus, 1 strain as L. lactis, 1 strain as L. acidophilus, 1 strain as L. casei subsp. casei and 1 strain as L. casei subsp. tolerans. And these strains were examined for drug resistance, transferability and transfer frequency of R plasmid. Most of isolates were sensitive to tetracycline(TC), penicillin(PC), and erythromycin(EM), but some strains were resistant to streptomycin(SM), chloramphenicol(CP), ampicillin(AP), kanamycin(KM), and nalidixic acid(NA). All of isolates were resistant to two or more drugs and 6 different drug resistant patterns were found. The most frequently encountered patterns were NA AP CP SM KM(5 strains) followed by NA AP CP KM(2 strains), NA AP CP SM(1 strain), NA AP CP(1 strain), NA CP(1 strain) and NA AP(1 strain). Tranfer experiment of drug resistance showed that of all 11 resistant strains, 9 strains transferred R plasmid determining AP(6 strains) or AP SM(3 strains) to a recipient, E. coli ML 1410 strain with $2.8{\times}10^{-5}-1.5{\times}10^{-1}%$ of transfer frequency. These results indicate that lactobacilli conjugally transfer their resistance to E. coli.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 1985

The effect of ginseng saponin on acid phosphatase (AP) activity in liver Iysosomes was investigated and the mechanism by which ginseng saponin may function on the integrity of Iysosomes was discussed. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1, A very marked increase in the AP activity was observed in the supernatant of hypotonic medium, as compared with that of isotonic medium, indicating that the hypoosmotic shock per so results in activation through osmotic Iysis of particles. 2. Ginseng saponin had no effect on the activity of AP if once released from Iysosomes when Iysed in the hypotonic medium, suggesting that ginseng saponin has no effect on the enzyme molecules per se. 3. The AP activity in isotonic medium suspensions was decreased at the concentrations of 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4% of ginseng saponin, but increased at 10-2 and 10-1%. It's suggested that ginseng saponin enhances the integrity of Iysosomes at 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4%, but decreases it at 10-2 and 10-1%. 4. Suspending particles in distilled water resulted in no correlation of AP activity with treatment with ginseng saponin. 5, The AP activity was decreased in the presence of ATP, showing the possible significance of ATP as a Iysosomal stabilizer and the possibility that ginseng saponin may affect a membrane bound ATPase system by which Iysosomal AP release may be controlled.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a system design for location determination inside the ship. Since the GPS signal can not be received in the interior of the large vessel, we use the vessel wireless AP (Access Point) RSSI (received signal strength indication) to accurately measure the position. We convert the RSSI for the 3 AP's into distance through the Friis formula and get the location through triangulation. The signal strength varies irregularly due to noise making it difficult to obtain the exact location. Thus Kalman filter is used to real-time position correction, that is store in a server database.

• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1287-1300
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• 2018

Hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), a small bioactive gas, has been proved functioning in plant growth and development as well as alleviation of abiotic stresses, which including promoting seed germination, accelerating embryonic root growth, regulating flower senescence, inducing stomatal closure, and defending drought, heat, heavy metals and osmotic stresses etc. However, the molecular functioning mechanism of $H_2S$ was still unclear. The primary objective of this research was to analyze the transcriptional differences and functional genes involved in the $H_2S$ responses. In details, 4-week-old plantlets in tissue culture of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar 'Zuoyouhong' were sprayed with 0.1 mM NaHS for 12 h, and then transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis were used to study the transcriptional differences and functional genes involved in the $H_2S$ responses. Our results indicated that 650 genes were differentially expressed after $H_2S$ treatment, in which 224 genes were up-regulated and 426 genes were down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the up-regulated genes after $H_2S$ treatment focused on carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the down-regulated genes were mainly in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and plant hormone signal transduction. Analyzing the transcription factor coding genes in details, it was indicated that 10 AP2/EREBPs, 5 NACs, 3 WRKYs, 3 MYBs, and 2 bHLHs etc. transcription factor coding genes were up-regulated, while 4 MYBs, 3 OFPs, 3 bHLHs, 2 AP2/EREBPs, 2 HBs etc. transcription factor coding genes were down-regulated. Taken together, $H_2S$ increased the productions in secondary metabolites and a variety of defensive compounds to improve plant development and abiotic resistance, and extend fruits postharvest shelf life by regulating the expression of AP2/EREBPs, WRKYs, MYBs, CABs, GRIP22, FERRITINs, TPSs, UGTs, and GHs etc.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2012

An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of the same amount of 18:2 offered either as 18:2n-6 or as a mixture of unprotected 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 on feed intake, milk components as well as plasma and milk fatty acid profile. Fifteen cows were blocked by milk yield and milk fat percentage and within block assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5). Each cow passed a 12-d adjustment period (AP) on a basal diet. After the AP cows received 1 of 3 supplements during an 18-d experimental period (EP). The supplements contained either 1.0 kg ground sunflower seeds (S), 0.5 kg conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-oil (C) or 0.75 kg of a mixture of ground sunflower seeds and CLA-oil (2:1; SC). All 3 supplements contained the same amount of 18:2 either as CLA (${\Sigma}18$:2c9t11+18:2t10c12, 1:1) or as 18:2c9c12. During the last 2 d of AP and the last 4 d of EP feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily and milk samples were collected at each milking. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 11 of AP and d 15 and 18 of EP. The 18:2 intake increased in all treatments from AP to EP. Regardless of the amount of supplemented CLA, the milk fat percentage decreased by 2.35 and 2.10%-units in treatment C and SC, respectively, whereas in the treatment S the decrease was with 0.99%-unit less pronounced. Thus, C and SC cows excreted daily a lower amount of milk fat than S cows. The concentration of trans 18:1 in the plasma and the milk increased from AP to EP and increased with increasing dietary CLA supply. While the concentration of 18:2c9t11 and 18:2t10c12 in the plasma and that of 18:2t10c12 in the milk paralleled dietary supply, the level of 18:2c9t11 in the milk was similar in C and CS but still lower in S. Although the dietary concentration of CLA was highest in treatment C, the partial replacement of CLA by sunflower seeds had a similar inhibitory effect on milk fat synthesis. Comparable 18:2c9t11 levels in the milk in both CLA treatments implies that this isomer is subjected to greater biohydrogenation with increasing supply than 18:2t10c12. The fact that unprotected 18:2t10c12 escaped biohydrogenation in sufficient amounts to affect milk fat synthesis reveals opportunities to develop feeding strategies where reduced milk fat production is desirable or required by the metabolic state of the cow.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) plays an important role in cAMP-mediated signaling within cells. We previously showed that the long-form of Aplysia PDE4 (ApPDE4) was localized in the plasma membrane and the presynaptic terminal in Aplysia sensory neurons, and the 16 N-terminal amino acid was sufficient for this targeting process. In this study, we characterized the cellular localization of various ApPDE4 mutants. We first identified the roles of each amino acid within the group of 16 N-terminal amino acids of long-form ApPDE4. As a result, we were able to identify various mutants that were localized to both the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex, Golgi only, or both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex. To examine the role of palmitoylation on the cellular localization of ApPDE4 mutants, 2-bromo palmitate (2-BR) was used as a treatment. As a result, in the presence of 2-BR, the plasma membrane targeting of many mutants was impaired, indicating that palmitoylation was involved in the plasma membrane targeting of the mutants. We also found that PI4P play crucial roles in the Golgi targeting of (N16,C3S/VV/G)-mRFP, L(N16,C3S/LFS/R)-mRFP, and L(N16,EPL/R)-mRFP.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2021

This study focuses on the preparation of acetaminophen (AP) imprinted functional biomaterials for a transdermal drug delivery using mung bean starch (MBS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium benzoate (S) as a crosslinking agent, glycerol (GL) as a plasticizer, and melanin (MEL) as a photothermal agent. The prepared AP imprinted biomaterials were characterized using FE-SEM and their physical properties were evaluated. The photothermal effect and AP release property for functional biomaterials were examined with the irradiation of near infrared (NIR) laser (1.5 W/cm²). When the NIR laser was irradiated on functional biomaterials with/without the addition of MEL, the temperature of MEL added biomaterial increased from 25 ℃ to 41 ℃, whereas the biomaterial without MEL increased from 25 ℃ to 28 ℃. Results indicate that there is the photothermal effect of prepared biomaterial with the addition of MEL. Based on the results, AP release properties were evaluated using standard buffer solutions and artificial skin. It was found that AP release rates of MEL added AP loaded biomaterials were 1.2 times faster than those of MEL non-added AP loaded biomaterials when irradiating with NIR laser. We envision that the developed functional biomaterials can be utilized for an acute pain-killing treatment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2012

Smart phones become popular all over the world recently. At the same time, demand of various additional services, such as SNS by utilizing low-cost reliable Wi-Fi network and position information, is expected to keep growing. In this paper, Implementation of SNS based on an Open Wi-Fi & Position Information was proposed. This service is achieved by constructing an Open Wi-Fi network based on a built AP access information database. And in order to provide durable connection in mobile environment, RSS detect AP switching module and mobile IP are utilized in the proposed service. Furthermore, with the utilization of GPS information of AP, AP providers could delivery various information such as advertisements, promotion events. In addition, it is possible for AP users to communicate with each other, thus a position information based SNS was also proposed in this paper.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2001

A cDNA coding alkaline phosphatase (AP) homologue was isolated from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe by colony hybridization. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA appeared to lack the N-terminal coding region. The genomic DNA encoding alkaline phosphatase homologue was isolated from S. pombe chromosomal DNA using PCR. The amplified DNA fragment was ligated into plasmid pRS315 to generate the recombinant plasmid pSW20. The DNA insert was subcloned as two smaller fragments for nucleotide sequencing. The sequence contains 2,789 by and encodes a protein of 532 amino acids with a molecular mass of 58,666 daltons. The S. pombe cells containing plasmid pSW20 showed much higher AP activity compared with the yeast cells with vector only This indicates that the cloned AP gene apparently encodes AP The predicted amino acid sequence of the S. pombe AP shares homology with those of other known APs.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to observe the effect of Chuna manual therapy on the asymmetrical alignment. Methods : To analyze static structural alignment, posterior inferior ilium deviation(PI), inflare change of pelvis were checked from full spine AP X-ray. And Cobb's angle of spine and height of shoulder girdle were analyzed. To evaluate the pain visual analogue score(VAS) was scored. Chuna therapy treated 8-10 times for 1 month. Results and Conclusions : In 3 cases, VAS was improved significantly. Full spine AP X-ray shows improvement of structural imbalace. Shoulder height difference, cobb's angle, pelvic insufficiency improved considerably. These results suggest that Chuna therapy might be effective for malalignment patients.