• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.59-59
• /
• 2017

무인 헬리콥터의 양력을 개선하기 위한 익형 설계 단계로서 두꺼운 익형(V1505A)과 얇고 처진 익형(V2008B)의 기본 두 익형의 특성을 예측하는데 있어 회전하는 블레이드의 현실적 조건을 반영한 3D 모델을 마련하고 성능을 예측하였다. Fluent를 이용한 400 mm 선형모델의 시뮬레이션에서는 V1505A 익형은 높은 받음각에서 안정적인 특성을 보인 반면 V2008B는 비교적 높은 동력효율 특성을 보였으나, 높은 받음각에서는 실속 이후 양력이 급락하는 특성을 나타낸다. 형성된 노드 수는 약 870,000개로 하였다. 시위길이 135 mm인 익형 V2008B의 형상은 ANSYS (Fluent v16.2)를 이용해 반경(길이) 1,502 (1,380) mm 의 로터 블레이드를 구성하였다. 충분하지 않은 유동장이 익형 표면에서의 유동의 영향에 영향을 주지 않도록 직경 20 m의 원방경계(far field)를 형성하였다. 사용된 매쉬의 형태는 정사면체 형태로 로터 표면으로부터의 첫 번째 두께 높이는 0.001 m이고 10개의 층으로 형성하였다. 정지 비행하는 헬리콥터의 상태를 가정하여 회전좌표계를 이용하여 정상상태의 유동을 해석하고 사용된 난류모델은 넓은 영역에서의 유동을 고려하여 Realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ 모델을 사용하였다. 내측그립 받음각 $6{\sim}22^{\circ}$에 대하여 현실적인 회전속도를 연동하여 600~1000 rpm을 적용하였다. 반복수(iteration)는 2000으로 하여 잔차값(residual)이 충분히 수렴하도록 하였다. 전체적으로 실제 헬리콥터가 발휘하는 양력보다는 낮은 수치로 예측되었으며 모델 및 해석 조건에 대한 검토가 필요해 보인다. 양력 값은 받음각 $10^{\circ}$에서 자중(약 68 kgf)을 극복하였고 받음각 $12^{\circ}$에 유상하중 20 kgf을 발휘하며 888 N의 양력을 보였다, 이어 받음각 $22^{\circ}$에서 실속 현상이 발생하였다. 받음각이 증가함에 따라 항력 역시 증가하였으며 받음각 $12^{\circ}$에서 121 N이었고 실속에 이르며 항력은 갑자기 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구는 변이 익형 개발의 선행 단계로 기본 익형에 대한 공력특성을 CFD 시뮬레이션을 통하여 예측하였다. 예측 값은 현실적 실험방법을 통하여 검증이 되어야 하며 이후 변이익형에 대한 예측과 설계가 가능하다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.40 no.9
• /
• pp.605-612
• /
• 2016

In this study, numerical simulations were conducted for conjugate heat transfer around ice balls in an encapsulated ice thermal storage system. Four shapes of ice balls were modeled; the default one was a sphere, and the other three shapes were designed to enhance convective heat transfer through the ball surface. The flow around the ball was laminar, for which the Reynolds number was 300, and both forced and natural convections inside and outside the balls were considered. The simulations revealed that the magnitude of convective heat transfer for the different shapes decreased in the following order: bone, dimple, hole, and sphere. For the entire simulation, the maximum difference in the average temperatures of water inside the capsules was found to be $0.9^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it can be said that the effect of ice-ball shape on the performance of the ice thermal storage system is significant, considering that more than 0.3 million balls are used in this system.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2000

One of today's very critical and sensitive accurate accelerometer which can be used higher temperature than $200^{\circ}C$ and corrosive environment, is particularly demanded for automotive engine. Because silicon is a material of large temperature dependent coefficient, and the piezoresistors are isolated with p-n junctions, and its leakage current increase with temperature, the performance of the silicon accelerometer degrades especially after $150^{\circ}C$. In this paper, The temperature characteristic of a accelerometer using silicon on insulator (SOI) structure is studied theoretically, and compared with experimental results. The temperature coefficients of sensitivity and offset voltage (TCS and TCO) are related to some factors such as thermal residual stress, and are expressed numerically. Thermal stress analysis of the accelerometer has also been carried out with the finite-element method(FEM) simulation program ANSYS. TCS of this accelerometer can be reduced to control the impurity concentration of piezoresistors, and TCO is related to factors such as process variation and thermal residual stress on the piezoresistors. In real packaging, The avarage thermal residual stress in the center support structure was estimated at around $3.7{\times}10^4Nm^{-2}^{\circ}C^{-1}$ at sensing resistor. The simulated ${\gamma}_{pT}$ of the center support structure was smaller than one-tenth as compared with that of the surrounding support structure.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.346-355
• /
• 1997

In this paper, the analyses of the stress disturibution and frequency characteristics of silicon microstructures for an accelerometer were performed using the general purpose finite element simulation program, ANSYS. From the analyses, we determined the parameter values of a new 6-beam piezoresistive accelerometer applicable to the accelerometer's specification in airbag system of automobile. Then, the mass paddle radius, beam length, beam width, and beam thickness of the designed accelerometer were$500{\mu}m$, $350{\mu}m$, $100{\mu}m$, and $5{\mu}m$, respectively and two different seismic masses with 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg were defined on the same sensor structure. The designed 6- beam accelerometers were fabricated on the selectively diffused (111)-oriented $n/n^{+}/n$ silicon substrates and the characteristics of the fabricated accelerometers were investigated. Then, we used a micromachining technique using porous silicon etching method for the formation of the micromechanical structure of the accelerometer.