• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2000

In this paper, a control algorthm suitable for multi-objective control is proposed based on the orthogonal array which is normally used in statics and industrial engineering. And a newly defined Nthcertainty factor is suggested, which can effectively exclude the less confident rule. The Nth-certainty factor is defined by the F-values of the ANOVA(analysis of variance) table. It is shown that the algorithm can be successfully adopted to the design of controller for an active magnetic bearing system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.63-68
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• 2000

In this paper, a control algorithm suitable for multi-objective control problems is proposed based on the orthogonal array which is normally used in statistics and industrial engineering. And a newly defined Nth-certainty factor is suggested, which can effectively exclude the less confident rules. The Nth-certainty factor is defined by the F-values of the ANOVA(analysis of variance) table. It is shown that the algorithm can be successfully adopted to the design of controller for an active magnetic bearing system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.372-378
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• 2005

Finite element analysis of concrete slab system in apartment building was executed using the tables of orthogonal arrays, and optimal design process was proposed. At first, experimental results show that sound peak components to influence the overall level and the rating of floor impact sound insulation were coincident with natural frequencies of the reinforced concrete slab. Finite element model of concrete slab was compared with experimental results, and well corresponded with an error of less than 10%. The tables of orthogonal arrays were used for finite element analysis with 8 factors. 3 related to material properties and 5 related to slab shape parameters and its results were analyzed by statistical method, ANOVA. The most effective factor among them was slab thickness, and main effect factor from slab shape parameters was different from each natural frequency. The interaction was found in the higher mode over $3^{rd}$ natural frequency. From main effect plot and interaction plot, the optimal design factor to increase the natural frequency was determined.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.176-188
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate statistical validity of medical articles that used various statistical techniques such as t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test. For study 429 original articles using those statistical methods were selected from Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibusition Society published from 1984 to 2002. 429 original articles were reviewed to analyzed the statistical procedures. Results are summarized as follows : 1. In this study 93 articles(21.68%) of 429 ones didn't report statement of statistical method in detail. 2. 53 articles(12.53%) didn't report p-value in correctly, and 245 articles(57.11 %) used mean${\pm}$standard error (Mean${\pm}$SEM.) and 109 articles used mean${\pm}$standard deviation(Mean${\pm}$SD.). All of 23 articles using nonparametric statistical techniques made an error to central tendency or dispersion. 3. 175 articles(59.93%) and 14 articles(4.79%) of 292 ones made an error to description of equal variances and normal distribution. 4. 99 articles(50%) of 185 ones misused t-test and 4 articles of 5 ones misused chi-square test. 5. 28 articles(73.68%) of 38 ones using discrete variable misused parametric technique such as t-test or ANOVA. 2 articles and 1 article of 125 ones choosing paired samples misused independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. 6. 20 articles using analysis of variance didn't use multiple comparison.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.109-116
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the rental determinants of a small shopping mall located in Seoul, Korea, and the characteristics of four commercial districts (CBD, GBD, YSD, etc.). Research design, data, and methodology: For the characteristics of the data, descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been used as rental determinants for small shopping malls. The characteristics of 4 commercial districts were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analysis. Results: 1) CBD 14.8%, GBD 16.7%, YSD 13.0%, others 55.6%. 2) The order of important variables affecting rent: CBD=1> GBD=1> vacancy rate> rental index> number of buildings> YBD=1> average gross floor area> conversion rate> average floor. 3) Characteristics of commercial district: Rents in CBD and GBD are high. The conversion rate is high in the GBD commercial area. The number of buildings is high in the CBD. The average area of GBD is larger than that of other commercial districts. Conclusions: 1) Several factors should be considered when investing in or renting a small shopping mall. 2) Depending on the investment and business purpose, factors such as rent, conversion rate, building, and area average should be considered.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 2013

This study identifies the foot shapes of elderly men by classifying foot types according to the shapes of sole of foot and analyzing individual characteristics. The subjects were 269 elderly men over 60 years of age. Their right feet were measured indirectly with a 2D scanner. The anthropometric measuring items consisted of 38 items that were estimated on the right foot of each subject. The 2D scan data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as factor analysis, ANOVA and cluster analysis using the statistical program SPSS 19.0. A total of 8 factors were extracted through a factor analysis and these factors represent 77.83% of total variance. The 8 factors were: ball and lateral foot protrusion, ball gradient, medial foot protrusion, anterior and posterior foot length ratio, lateral ball length, heel size, toes breadth, and foot length, that explained 77.83% of the total variance. A total of 4 clusters (as their sole type) were categorized using 8 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was classified as H-type(toes width, foot width, heel width uniform and medial malleolus and lateral malleolus almost no protrusion). Type 2 was classified as V-type(foot width and toes width, wide and heel width narrow). Type 3 was classified as A-type(foot width and heel width, wide but toes width narrow, protruded inside). Type 4 was classified as D-type(protruded outside).

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.16 no.28
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• pp.103-107
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• 1993

This paper studies computer programming for the analysis of data obtained by experiments using Orthogonal Arrays. The following items are considered in the computer programming : * significant digits in the computation of Sum of Squares, Mean Squares and Variance Ratios * containing the necessary F-distribution values in the program. * matching the rules of KS A 0021 and 3251 in the digit treatments etc. The running results of ANOVA Table and Pooled ANOVA Table of a fictitious example is added with the parts of a program. It should be mentioned that the main purpose of this paper is in the arousing of the discussion about significant digits concept in the computer programming for various kinds of Statistical Methods.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2014

This paper presents a study on the influence of different thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) parameters on some required properties such as micro-hardness and Young's modulus of a novel near ${\beta}$ alloy Ti-20.6Nb-13.6Zr-0.5V (TNZV). The TMP scheme comprises of hot working above and below ${\beta}$ phase, solutionizing treatment above and below ${\beta}$ phase coupled with different cooling rates. Factorial design of experiment is used to systematically collect data for micro-hardness and Young's modulus. Validity of assumptions related to the collected data is checked through several diagnostic tests. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significance of the main and interaction effects. Finally, optimization of the TMP process parameters is also done to achieve optimum values of the micro-hardness and Young's modulus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 1994

Bioequivalence test of commercially available rifampicin capsules was performed. Sixteen volunteers were divided into 2 groups and the reference and test drug were given orally (450 mg) by cross-over design. Statistical evaluation of AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ involved an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences of mean value in AUC, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the reference and test drug were within 20% with reference drug. ANOVA showed no significant differences for ‘between group’, ‘drug’ and ‘period’, but not for ‘between subjects’. The power of test $(1-{\beta})\;of\;AUC\;and\;$C_{max}$ was larger than 0.8 and the confidence of bioavailability was $within\;{\pm}20%$. From these results, it was concluded that the two preparations were bioequivalent for AUC and $C_{max}$, but was not for $T_{max}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.28-33
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• 2004

At present, industry and researchers are looking for ways to reduce the use of lubricants because of ecological and economical reasons. Therefore, metal cutting is to move toward dry cutting or semi-dry cutting. This paper presents an investigation into MQL(Minimum Quantity Lubrication) machining with the objective of deriving the optimum cutting conditions for the turning process of SM45C. To reach these goals several finish turning experiments were carried out, varying cutting speed, feed rate and oil quantity, with MQL. The surface roughness results of tests were measured and the effects of cutting conditions were analyzed by the method of Analysis of Variance(ANOVA). From the experimental results and ANOVA, it is found that a better surface roughness can be obtained by decreasing oil quantity and feed rate.