• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2011

Objectives : We investigated the antioxidant and Antidiabetic effects of Cnidii Rhizoma Fermentata by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus Kawauchi for 3days. Methods : In this study we compared Cnidii Rhizoma Fermentata with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus Kawauchi that examined using reducing sugar, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Also determined changes of pH and sugar content during fermentation for 3days. Results : The values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of Cnidii Rhizoma fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (86.6%) was higher than that of Aspergillus Kawauchi (77.9%). In ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity, fermented by Aspergillus Kawauchi had the highest inhibitory activity among other groups. But in ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, fermented by Aspergillus oryzae had the highest inhibitory activity among other groups. While all groups of the sugar content increased During 3days fermentation, the pH was decreased. Conclusions : Based on these results, It was suggested that Cnidii Rhizoma Fermentata can be a useful and cost-effective resource for fuctional food and medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 2007

목적 : 쥐의 콜라겐 유도 관절염에 대한 유근피 추출액의 면역 반응 효과 및 그 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 유근피 추출액의 면역 반응을 관찰하기 위하여 콜라겐 유도 관절염 쥐가 사용되었다. 실험에 쓰인 쥐 뒷다리의 부종 용적은 volume meter로 측정하였고, lymphocyte 증식, 표1, 표2 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 레벨은 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolirun bromide(MTT) assay에의해 측정하였다. 활막세포의 cAMP 레벨은 경쟁적 단백 결합검사 (CPBA)를 통하여 측정하였다. 2형 콜라겐에 대한 항체는 효소면역 협착검사법(ELISA)을 반복 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 실험에서 유근피 추출액( 20， 80, 150mg/kg, ig ${\times}$ 7days)의 시술은 면역 반응을 억제하고 콜라겐 유도관절염 쥐의 체중과 면역 기관의 무게를 유지하였다. 콜라겐 유도 관절염 쥐에서 림프구의 증식과 IL-2의 생산은 복막의 대식세포 및 활막세포의 IL-1 , TNF-${\alpha}$와 함께 증가하였고, 유근피 추출액 (20, 80, 150mg/kg, ig ${\times}$ 7days)의 시술은 이러한 변화를 유의성 있게 감소시켰다. 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, 62.5, 125mg/l 농도에서의 유근피 추출액은 활막세포의 cAMP 레벨을 증가시킨데 반해 콜라겐 유도관절염 쥐에서의 시험관 실험결과에서는 감소시켰다. 유근피 추출액은 2형 콜라겐 항체의 농도에 대하여는 효과가 없었다. 결론 : 유근피 추출액은 항염증 작용과 면역조절 작용을 갖고 있고, 활막세포의 G protein-AC-cAMP transmembrane signal transduction 형질 도입 신호에의한 콜라겐 유도관절염 쥐의 치료 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

The accuracy of MR sensor-based electronic compass is influenced by the temperature drift and DC offset of the MR sensor and the OP-amp, the magnetic distortion of nearby magnetic materials, and the compass tilt We design the 3-axis MR sensor and accelerometers-based electronic compass which is compensated by the set/reset pulse switching method on the temperature drift and DC offset, by the execution of hard-iron calibration routine on the magnetic distortion, and by the execution of the Euler rotational equation on the compass tilt. We qualitatively analyze the measured azimuth error on the execution of sensitivity calibration routine which is the normalization process on the different sensitivity of each MR sensor and the different gain of each op-amps. This compensation and analytic result make us design the one degree accuracy electronic compass.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 1998

Antiulcer effects of ginseng saponin, acidic polysaccharide and methanol extract of Panax ginseng in the patients and experimental animals were reported. Postulated action mechanisms of ginseng were histamine-Ht receptor blocking and increasing gastric blood flow In the present study, the effect of ginsenosides, the biologically active glycosides of ginseng, on gastric acid secretion was examined using gastric cells isolated from human and rabbit gastric mucosa. Ginseng saponin, ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$ and $Rh_2$ were tested in unstimulated as well as stimulated gastric cells. Histamine ($10^4$M) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine ($10^4$M) were used as secretagogues. To investigate the mechanism of ginsenosides on acid secretion, the levels of cAMP and cGMP were monitored in gastric cells. As a result, high concerltration(1mg/ml) of ginseng saponin showed 73-75% of stimulated acid secretion in control gastric cells. However, ginseng saponin had no effect on unstimulated acid secretion and the levels of cGMP and cAMP in gastric cells. Ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$ and $Rh_2$ significantly inhibited stimulated acid secretion. Gastric cGMP levels were increased by all ginsenosides tested while cAMP levels were increased by all ginsenosides in unstimulated state of gastric cells, but increased by ginsenosides ginsenoside $Rg_1$ and $Rh_2$in stimulated state of gastric cells. The results suggest that inhibition of ginseng saponin on gastric acid secretion represents a complex effect of individual ginsenosides, which produce a range of effect on acid secretion. The inhibition site of ginseng saponin on stimulated acid secretion is postulated as post cAMP levels in acid secretary pathway such as protein phosphorylation or proton pump. Nitric oxide may not be involved in the inhibitory effect of ginseng saponin on stimulated acid secretion.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.285-296
• /
• 1994

Follicular oocytes were released from the graafian follicles of ovaries from 3-4 weeks old mice. The spontaenous maturation of these follicular oocyes was inhibited by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone and these oocytes were cultured for 2-8hr in the Modified Hank's balanced salt solution(MHBS). Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid(EDTA) and calmoudulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP) were treated to the culture medium in order to investigate whether these chemical agents inhibit calcium uptake into the oocyte and oocyte maturation. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, 10-${\mu}$Ci/ml was added to the culture medium during the culture period. $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes was examined whether and when various kind of oocyte maturation inhibiting agents inhibit or stimulate the influx of calcium into oocytes. Dibutyryl cAMP and progesterone decrease $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the oocytes and synergistic inhibiting effect of dbcAMP and progesterone was prominent at much lower dosages. Calcium uptake into oocytes seems to be higher during first 2 hour culture period rather than next 4hr culture. After 8hr culture, calcium uptake level of the oocytes which GVBD already took place gradually approached to the level of those which were maintained at GV by the treatment of dbcAMP and progesterone. However, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$uptake into the GV maintained oocytes did not change at all even after 8hr culture period. In addition, calcium chelating agent, EDTA inhibited calcium uptake into oocytes as well as nuclear maturation of oocytes. Lower dosage used in the present study did not inhibit calcium uptake as well as oocyte maturation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.68.1-68.1
• /
• 2012

We present a comprehensive study of the stellar populations in two faint M31 dwarf satellites, And XI and And XIII. Using deep archival images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) onboard the Hubble Space Telepscope (HST), we characterize the horizontal branch (HB) morphologies and the RR Lyrae (RRL) populations of these two faint dwarf satellites. Our new template light curve fitting routine (RRFIT) detected RRL populations from both galaxies. The mean periods of $RR_{ab}$ (RR0) stars in And XI and And XIII are < $P_{ab}$ > = $0.621{\pm}0.040$, and < $P_{ab}$ > = $0.648{\pm}0.038$ respectively. Even though the RRL populations show a lack of $RR_{ab}$ stars with high amplitudes (Amp(V) > 1.0 mag) and relatively short periods ($P_{ab}$ ~ 0.5 days), their period - V band amplitude (P-Amp(V)) relations track the lower part of the general P-Amp(V) trend in the M31 outer halo RRL populations. The metallicities of $RR_{ab}$ stars were calculated via the [Fe/H]-log $P_{ab}$-Amp(V) relationship of Alcock et al. The metallicities thus obtained ($[Fe/H]_{And}$ $_{XI}=-1.75%$; $[Fe/H]_{And}$ $_{XIII}=-1.74$) are consistent with the values calculated from the RGB slope indicating that our measurements are not significantly affected by the evolutionary effects of RRL stars. We discuss the origins of And XI and And XIII based on a comparative analysis of the luminosity-metallicity (L-M) relation of Local Group dwarf galaxies.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07c
• /
• pp.1867-1869
• /
• 2003

In this paper, chamber(Circuit breaker compartment of C-GIS) made of stainless steel with 4 mm width is used. Artificial defect was made on enclosure or HV conductor of chamber and $SF_6$ gas was injected into it according to pressure. In this experiment, Acoustic emission sensors of different types was used to compare sensitivity to detect acoustic signal occurred by Partial discharge(PD) of according to types and resonance frequency in $SF_6$ gas atmosphere. Sensors used in tests was R6I, R15I and 2/4/6 Pre-Amplifier connected with R6IU without pre. amp. In case of R6IU, gain was adjusted with 40 dB like other sensors and operated by differential mode. Post amplifier(post. amp) and band pass filter(BPF) were developed Gain of post. amp. is 60 dB and BPF has band width of $50{\sim}300$ kHz. Also, envelope circuit developed reduces frequency of AE sensor. As a result, in $SF_6$ atmosphere, R6IU and R6I had resonance frequency of 60 Hz was better than R15I. Also, R6IU was better than R6I because of type property of pre.amp. had differential mode.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.377-388
• /
• 1990

Ca movements during the late plateau phase in rabbit atrium implicate Na-Ca exchange. In single atrial cells isolated from the rabbit the properties of the inward current of Na-Ca exchange were investigated using the whole cell voltage clamp technique. The inward currents were recorded during repolarization following brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of -70 mV. Followings are the results obtained: 1) When stimulated every 30 sec, the inward currents were activated and reached peak values $6{\sim}12\;ms$ after the beginning of depolarizing pulse. The mean current amplitude was 342 pA/cell. 2) The current decayed spontaneously from the peak activation and the timecourse of the relaxation showed two different phases: fast and slow phase. 3) The recovery of the inward current was tested by paired pulse of various interval. The peak current recovered exponentialy with a time course similar to that of Ca current recovery. 4) Relaxation timecourse was also affected by pulse interval and time constant was reduced almost linearly according to the decrease of pulse interval between 30 sec and 1 sec. 5) The peak inward current was increased by long prepulse stimulation, Bay K, isoprenaline or c-AMP. 6) The relaxation time constant of the inward current was prolonged by Bay K or c-AMP, and shortened by isoprenaline. From the above results, it could be concluded that increase of the calcium current potentiates and prolongs intracellular calcium transients, while shortening of the timecourse by isoprenaline or short interval stimulations might be due to the facilitation of Ca uptake by SR.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2002

The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction of $estradiol-17{\beta}-bovine$ serum albumin $(E_2-BSA)$ and calcitropic hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D, in regulation of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells. Statistically significant increase in $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was found from 2 hours after $(E_2-BSA)\;(10^{-9}\;M)$ treatment, while $estradiol-17{\beta}\;(10^{-9}\;M)$ did not affect. Treatment of the cells with $(E_2-BSA)\;(10^{-9}\;M)$ together with parathyroid hormone (PTH) $(10^{-8}\;M),$ vitamin D $(10^{-8}\;M),$ or calcitonin $(10^{-8}\;M)$ significantly stimulated $Ca^{2+}$ uptake by 32.50%, 29.30%, or 27.75%, respectively, compared with the control. However, calcitropic hormones did not exhibit any synergistic effect on the E2-BSA-induced stimulation. $E_2-BSA$ significantly increased cAMP generation and PKC activity. The stimulatory effect of cotreatment of $E_2-BSA$ and PTH or vitamin D was blocked by SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) and staurosporine (a PKC inhibitor), but the effect of cotreatment of $E_2-BSA$ and calcitonin was not blocked. Furthermore, 8-Br-cAMP and TPA (an artificial PKC promoter) increased $Ca^{2+}$ uptake by 25.51% and 16.47%, respectively, compared with the control. In conclusion, $E_2-BSA$ combined with calcitropic hormones regulated $Ca^{2+}$ uptake partially via cAMP and PKC-dependent mechanisms in renal proximal tubule cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2017

Objectives : This Study was conducted to investigate the melanin synthesis effect of Eclipta prostrata and to determine the relationship between melanin synthesis effect of Eclipta prostrata and cAMP/PKA melanin synthesis pathway. Methods : We measured melanin contents, tyrosinase activity, expression of TRPs, p-CREB in B16F10 cells cultured with Eclipta prostrata ethanol extracts(EEP). And after treatment with H89 and dibutyryl cAMP, which inhibit or promote the activation of PKA, we observed changes in melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity stimulated by EEP. Results : EEP increased melanin synthesis by promoting the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1. It also promoted expression of p-CREB. H89 suppresses melanogenic effect and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 in B16F10 stimulated by EEP. Dibutyryl cAMP promotes melanogenic effect of EEP. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that melanin synthesis effect of EEP is related to induction of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression through the cAMP/PKA pathway.