• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1995

This study was conducted to examine the genetic variants of the blood proteins and enzymes in beef cattle breeds, Hereford, Angus and Sharolais reared at the Daekwanryuong Branch of the National Livestock Research Institute. Genetic polymorphisms of transferrin(Tf), post-transferrin2(pTf-2), albumin(Alb), post-albumin (pAlb), ceruloplasmin(Cp), amylase-I(Am-I) and hemoglobin(Hb) in blood were analyzed by the methods of PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and STAGE(starch gel electrophoresis). The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Tf and pTf-2 locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, A. $D_1$, $D_2$ and E allele for Tf, F and S allele for pTf-2. In genotype frequencies, 25% and 90% for Tf $D_1D_2$ and pTf-2 SS in Hereford, 25% and 100% for Tf $AD_1$ and pTf-2 FF in Angus, 50% for Tf $D_1D_1$ and pTf-2 FS in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency, respectively. In gene frequencies, 0.400 and 0.900 for Tf E and pTf-2 S allele in Hereford, 0.678 and 0.607 for Tf $D_1$ and pTf-2S in Sharolais were appeared to have the highest frequency. 2. Alb and pAlb locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, only A allele for Alb, F and S allele for pAlb. In genotype frequencies, 70% for pAlb SS in Hereford, 90% for pAlb FF in Angus and 57.15% for pAlb SS in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency. In gene frequencies, 0.825 and 0.750 for pAlb S in Hereford and Charolais, 0.900 for pAlb F in Angus were found to have the highest frequency. 3. Cp and Am-I locus appeared to be controlled by two alleles, F and S allele for Cp, B and C allele for Am-I. In genotype frequencies, 100% and 65% for Cp FF and Am-I BB in Hereford, 45% and 85% for Cp FF, and Am-I CC in Angus, 50% and 64.29% for Cp FF and Am-I BC in Sharolais were found to have the highest frequency. Gene frequencies were 1,000, 0.600 and 0.750 for Cp F in Herehord, Angus and Sharolais, 0.800, 0.875 and 0.680 for Am-I B, C and C allele in Hereford, Angus and sharolais, respectively. 4. Hb locus assumed to be controlled by codominant alleles, only A allele in Hereford and Angus, A and B allele in Sharolais. Genotype frequencies were 57.14% and 42.86% for Hb AA and AB in Sharolais, and gene frequencies were 0.785 and 0.215 for Hb A and B in Sharolais.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.765-772
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• 2004

Cooking condition of Tarakjuk (milk-rice porridge) was established based on gelatinization temperature using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of roasted Ilpum rice flour, which has highest enzyme-resistant starch (RS) content. Effect of cooking temperature and time on DSC characteristics, crystallity with X ray diffractogram, RS content, in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD), amino acid composition, and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of Tarakjuk were determined. Tarakjuk was cooked at 50, 56.5, 64, and $69^{\circ}C$ for various durations. Rice flour ingredient used was Ilpum, previously roasted at $185^{\circ}C$ for 25 min. Tarakjuk cooked at 50 and $56.5^{\circ}C$ showed two thermal transitions between $63.7-125.2^{\circ}C$ as determined by DSC, corresponding to endotherms of starch gelatinization $(63.7-73.8^{\circ}C)$ and melting of amylose-lipid complex (AM-lipid complex, $97.7-125.2^{\circ}C$), whereas that cooked at 64 and $69^{\circ}C$ showed only AM-lipid complex melting transition between $96.9-127.6^{\circ}C$. As cooking temperature increased, RS content of Tarakjuk decreased, whereas IVSD increased. Total amino acid content was between 11,558-15,601mg/100g, depending on cooking condition used. Compared with conventionally made control, contents of essential amino acids, such as lysine and tryptophane, were higher at 50 and $56.5^{\circ}C$, and IVPD showed higher increase. Results reveal degree of gelatinization in Tarakjuk with high RS content as well as low IVSD and high IVPD, which are important from physiological and nutritional point of view, can be produced by controlling cooking condition.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

To develop an Enoki mushroom packaging method, mushrooms were stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for 12 days after passive MAP packaging(PM), vacuum packaging(VM), and gas flushing packaging(AM), after investigation of film thickness influences on respiration rates and gas compositions(LDPE films 20, 40, and 60 m in thickness were tested). Enoki mushrooms had respiration rates of 26.4 mL $CO_2/kg/hour$ at $0^{\circ}C$, 80.0 mL $CO_2/kg/hour$ at $10^{\circ}C$, 130.9 mL $CO_2/kg/hour$ at $20^{\circ}C$, and 130.9 mL $CO_2/kg/hour$ at $30^{\circ}C$. A film thickness of 20 m was chosen for further tests to maintain the oxygen concentration above the minimum growth level; the thinnest film offered a higher gas transmittance rate than did the thicker films. No anaerobic respiration was evident over 12 days of storage using any packaging method, with the exception of VM. AM, using a high concentration of $CO_2$, restricted respiration rate. Mushrooms packaged using the VM method showed the greatest weight loss and extent of discoloration among the packaging methods tested, followed by AM mushrooms using 50% $CO_2/10%\;O_2/40%\;N_2$. Mushrooms packaged by the VM and PM methods developed a serious off-flavor after 2 days of storage, and a high stipe elongation rate after 5 days of storage, respectively. However, AM using 50% $CO_2/10%\;O_2/40%\;N_2$ of various gas ratios tested, allowed Enoki mushrooms to be maintained for up to 12 days without development of off-flavor, discoloration, or moldiness.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2017

Antihypertensive effects of ethanol extracts of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. (AE) were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR aged 14 weeks were treated for 8 weeks with AE (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) or amlodipine besylate (Am; 10 mg/kg/day) orally. Hypertension results in injury to several organs and can produce a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a result of lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction. In this study, oral administration of AE and Am significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, organ weight index, and MDA content in tissues but increased significantly the plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations. The endothelium-dependent relaxant activities of acetylcholine ($10^{-10}-10^{-3}M$) in norepinephrine (NE)-precontracted aorta were increased in AE- and Am-treated rats. Particularly strong endothelium-dependent relaxant activities were observed in AE-treated (50 mg/kg) rats. The endothelium-independent relaxant activities of sodium nitroprusside ($10^{-10}-10^{-3}M$) in NE-precontracted aorta were not changed. The results of this study suggest that AE has both antihypertensive and end-organ protective effects in SHR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2005

In recent years, Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have become a center of special interest in the automotive industry. Due to their high specific mechanical properties, they offer a significant weight saving potential in modem vehicle constructions. Most Mg alloys show very good machinability and processability, and even the most complicated die casting parts can be easily produced. The die casting process is a fast production method capable of a high degree of automation for which certain Mg alloys are ideally suited. Although Mg alloys are fulfilling the demands for low specific weight materials with excellent machining and casting abilities, they are still not used in die casting process to the same extent as the competing material aluminium. One of the reasons is that effects of various forming variables for die casting process is not closely examined from the viewpoint of die design. In this study, step die and flowability tests for AM60 were performed by die casting process according to various combination of casting pressure and plunger velocity. Microstructure and Victors hardness tests were examined and performed for each specimen to verify effects of forming conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2000

Concern for the effects of toxic chemicals on the environment leads the search for better bioassay test organisms and test procedures. Photobacterium phosphoreum was used successfully as a test organism and the luminometer detection technique was an effective and simple method for determining the concentration of toxic chemicals. With EC50 a total of 14 chlorine substituted phenols benzenes and ethanes were used for the experiments. The test results showed that the toxicity to P. phosphoreum increased in the order of phenol > benzene > ethane and the toxicity also increased with the number of chlorine substitution. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSARO) model can be used to predict EC50 to save time and endeavor. Correlation was well established with the QSAR parameters such as log P, log S and solvatochromic parameter(Vi/100 $\pi$, ${\beta}$m and am). The QSAR modeling was used with multi-regression analysis and mono-regression analysis. These analyses resulted in the following QSAR : $log EC_{50} =2.48 + 0.914 log S(n=9 R2=85.5% RE=0.378) log EC_{50}=0.35 - 4.48 Vi/100 + 2.84 \pi^* +9.46{\beta}m-4.48am (n =14 R2=98.2% RE=0.012) log EC_{50} =2.64 -1.66 log P(n=5, R2=98.8% RE=0.16) log EC_{50}=3.44 -1.09 log P(n=9 R2= 80.8% Re=0.207)$

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1979

대장균 설사중에 걸린 어린 돼지, 송아지, 어린 양에서 분리한 대장균 126주의 항생제와 화학요법제(15종)에 대한 감수성을 disc diffusion technique로 조사한 성적은 다음과 같다. 1. 어린 돼지에서 분리한 62주의 대장균은 gentamicin(GM)에 100%, colistin(CL)에 96.8%, kanamycin(KM)에 93.5%, neomycin(NM)에는 91.9%가 감수성을 가지고 있었으나 ampicillin(AM), erythromycin(EM), lincomycin (LM), novobiocin (NB), penicillin (PC), streptomycin(SM), tetracycline(TC), sulfaisodimidin(SU)에는 내성을 가지고 있었다. chloramphenicol(CP), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim(SXT), cephalosporin(CE)에는 각각 75.8%, 64.5%, 50%가 감수성이 있었다. 2. 송아지에서 분리한 32주의 대장균은 GM에 100%, CL에는 87.5%, SXT에는 66.7%가 감수성이 있었으나 CP와 KM에는 각각 40.6%, SU에는 56.2% NM에는 62.5%, SM에는 87.5%가 내성을 가지고 있었다. EM, LM, NB, PC에는 전혀 감수성이 없었으며 AM, SM, TC에도 고도의 내성을 가지고 있었다. 3. 어린 양에서 분리한 32주의 대장균은 GM과CL에 100%, CP에 96.9%, KM과 NM에 90.6%가 감수성이 있었다. SM과 SU에도 71.9%나 감수성이 있었으나 CM, EM, LM, PC, TC에는 대부분 내성을 가지고 있었다. AM에는 21.9%가 감수성이 있었다. 4. 2종류 이상의 약제에 내성을 가진 대장균의 AM, CE, CP, CL, GM, KM, NM. SM, TC, SU등 10종의 약제에 대한 multiple drug resistance pattern(MDRP)을 조사한 바 돼지 유래 약제내성 대장균의 MDRP는 18가지였으며 이중 가장 빈도가 높은 것은 AM, CE, SM, TC, SU 내성형으로 전체의 24.2%나 되었다. 송아지 유래 약제내성 대장균의 MDRP는 17가지였으며, AM, CE, CP, KM, NM, SM, TC, SU 내성형이 28.1%로 가장 빈도가 높았다. 반면에 어린 양에서 분리한 대장균의 MDRP는 9가지였으며 AM, CE, SU의 3약제 내성형이 40.6%로 가장 많았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2024

Bladder cancer remains the 10th most common cancer worldwide. In recent years, metformin has been found to have potential anti-bladder cancer activity while high concentration of IC₅₀ at millimolar level is needed, which could not be reached by regular oral administration route. Thus, higher efficient agent is urgently demanded for clinically treating bladder cancer. Here, by conjugating artesunate to metformin, a novel artesunate-metformin dimer triazine derivative AM2 was designed and synthesized. The inhibitory effect of AM2 on bladder cancer cell line T24 and the mechanism underlying was determined. Anti-tumor activity of AM2 was assessed by MTT, cloning formation and wound healing assays. Decreasing effect of AM2 on lipogenesis was determined by oil red O staining. The protein expressions of Clusterin, SREBP1 and FASN in T24 cells were evaluated by Western blotting. The results show that AM2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration at micromolar level, much higher than parental metformin. AM2 reduced lipogenesis and down-regulated the expressions of Clusterin, SREBP1 and FASN. These results suggest that AM2 inhibits the growth of bladder cancer cells T24 by inhibiting cellular lipogenesis associated with the Clusterin/SREBP1/FASN signaling pathway.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.236-243
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• 2021

In this study, the functional cosmetic activity of hot-water (AW) and methanol(AM) extracts from Apocynum lancifolium Russanov are examined. In the DPPH antioxidant activity test, the AW extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 90.5% (IC50 37.717 ± 8.209 ㎍/mL) and the antioxidative activity of ABTS showed a high activity in the AW extract with an IC50 of 185.244 ± 12.602 ㎍/mL and 96.2%, respectively. In RAW264.7 macrophages, the two extracts significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6 production and iNOS expression level. The MTT assay measured by the cell survival rate showed that AW and AM extracts have no toxicity. The astringent activity of the AW extract exhibited the highest astringent activity with 74.336±2.487 mg/mL. Therefore, these results suggest that A. lancifolium extracts have a health promotion potential which can be further developed as food additive, natural products for cosmetic purpose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.130-130
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• 1995

AM, SM 및 ASA는 수용액중에서 겉보기 1차반응에 따라 분해되었으며 보존온도가 높을수록 분해가 촉진되는 온도 의존성을 나타내었다. AM의 분해경로는 pH 1.22 및 pH 7.0 이상에서는 AM$\longrightarrow$ SM $\longrightarrow$ SA의 경로로 주로 분해되었으며 pH 2.01 - 6.08의 범위에서는 AM $\longrightarrow$ASA$\longrightarrow$SA의 경로로 분해되는 양상을 보였다. 또 pH가 분해에 미치는 영향을 pH-rate profile로 나타낸 결과 AM, SM 및 ASA의 최대안정 pH는 각각 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 부근이 있고 이 조건에서의 분해 반감기는 114, 168, 113 hr로 나타났다. 전체적으로 보면 pH 2.0 이하에서는 ASA가 AM 보다 약간 안정한 편이나 pH 2.0-8.0 사이에서는 AM의 분해속도가 ASA보다 현저히 낮았다. 또 AM은 pH 7.0 이상에서, SM은 pH 6.0 이상에서, ASA는 9.0 이상에서 특수염기촉매반응에 따라 분해가 이루어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이온강도($\mu$)의 영향으로는 pH 7.0에서 이온강도가 0.115에서 1.0으로 증가할수록 $\mu$$^{1}$2/에 대해 AM의 분해속도정수가 직선적으로 완만하게 감소되었다. 또 완충수용액 중 AM의 가수분해 억제효과를 검토하기 위해 시클로덱스트린류를 첨가하였을 때, $\beta$-시클로덱스트린과 히드록시프로필기-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린은 AM의 분해를 각각 1.6배 및 1.1배 촉진시켜 촉매적으로 작용하였으며 디메칠-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린은 약 3.2배 분해속도를 억제시켜 안정화제로 작용하였다.Zn^{2+}$, soybean trypsin inhibtor에 의해 25～50% 정도, serine proteinase inhibitor인 phenylmethylsulfonyl floride에 의해 80%정도 활성이 억제되는 특성이 있음을 규명하였다.면역환성 (immunoreactivity)이 나타났고 pyramidal cell layer (PCL)와 glia에 SOD-1이 강하게 염색되었다. APT 병용 투여로 상당수의 경련이 일어나지 않은 흰쥐는 해마의 DG에 FRA가 경미하게 염색되었고, PCL에 SOD-1도 경미하게 나타났으나, 경련이 나타난 쥐에서는 KA만을 투여한 흰쥐와 구별되지 않았다. 이상의 APT의 항산화 효과는 KA로 인한 뇌세포 변성 개선에 중요한 인자로 작용할 것으로 사료되나, 보다 명확한 APT의 기전을 검색하고 직접 임상에 응응하기 위하여는 보다 다양한 실험 조건이 보완되어야 찰 것으로 생각된다. 항우울약들의 항혈소판작용은 PKC-기질인 41-43 kD와 20 kD의 인산화를 억제함에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.다. 것으로 사료된다.다.바와 같이 MCl에서 작은 Dv 값을 갖는데, 이것은 CdCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ 착이온을 형성하거나 ZnCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같