• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

Object : The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether herbal medication may injure the liver function and kidney function in stroke patients. Method : We observed the serum AST, ALT, r-GTP, Creatinine, BUN of 78 patient from May 1. 2008 to June 30. 2009 admitted in Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University. Liver function and Kidney function tests were done on admission and before discharge. And all patients take herbal medicine with Western medicine. Result : AST, ALT, r-GTP, Creatinine, BUN decreased on discharge compared with the value on admission. The liver function and kidney function test score(AST, ALT, r-GTP, Creatinine, BUN) by administration period of herbal medication was not significantly changed. Conclusion : This study suggests that general herbal medication does not injure liver function and kidney function of human.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2005

It is well known that intaking alcohol chronically and heavily causes many formsof physical systemic distress including serious chronic alcoholic liver disease such as alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is known as a specific marker in detecting and monitoring alcohol associated disease. Weanalyzed various alcohol-associated parameters to evaluate the clinical usefulness of CDT. The first patient group consisted of fifty patients, who had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease from January 2003 to June 2004 at Chungnam National University Hospital. The second group consisted of 12 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. The third group consisted of 19 teetotalerswho had visited the hospital for the purpose of routine healthcare checks. Various hepatic parameters such as CDT, $\small{\Gamma}$-GT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) were compared in the three groups. CDT and AST increased in direct proportion to the amount and duration of alcohol consumption with high significance, but $\small{\Gamma}$-GT and ALT showed arbitrary patterns with no statistical significance. The sensitivities of CDT, $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT were 74 %, 96 %, 68 % and 58 %, respectively and the specificities were 95 %, 74 %, 68 % and 79 % in order respectively. The correlation study of CDT with $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT showed a very low value of correlation coefficients, implying that CDT could be taken as an independent parameter in evaluating alcohol liver disease compared to $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT. This present study suggested that CDT coud be one of the most useful parameters in reflecting the amount and duration of alcohol consumption as well as being another independent parameter in assessing and following up patients with alcoholic liver disease. Moreover we recommend it is the best method of measuring both CDT and $\small{\Gamma}$-GT in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.270-275
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• 2012

This paper presents a portable and compact optical device which can conveniently be used to perform a functional analysis of human liver function. The proposed system employed red/green LEDs, as a light source, and CMOS image sensor, which is commonly used in cellular phones. With this system, several blood serum samples have been evaluated for liver functional analysis by measuring light absorption level through the blood serum samples depending on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin concentration. The light absorption through the blood serum samples containing AST, ALT, or total bilirubin can provide their concentrations. The green light absorption is more sensitive to the concentration of AST or ALT, and the red light absorption is more sensitive to the total bilirubuin concentration. Additional calibration steps were performed by using a MATLAB program in order to eliminate the light scattering effects from the extraneous particles existing in each blood serum sample. From the blind test, three standard light intensity curves through each enzyme have been obtained and the enzyme concentration values have been compared to those obtained from a commercially available biochemistry analyzer (Toshiba 200 FR). The average percent difference in the obtained concentrations from two systems for AST, ALT, and total bilirubin concentration came out to be 7.79%, 7.98%. and 7.56%, respectively, with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.98. This system can possibly lead to a low-cost and simple system that can be used as a point-of-care (POC) system in a condition without advanced equipments.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.139-147
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective activity of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, isolated from Curcuma longa Linne, on hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$,10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH, 0.5 mM) and D-galactosamine (GaIN,30 mM). Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte (18 h culture) were treated with CCl$_4$, TBH or GaIN and various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ${\mu}$M) of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin CCl$_4$ significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The increases in LDH, ALT and AST levels were inhibited by curcumin. Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin decreased the levels of AST. Curcumin inhibited the increases in ALT and AST levels induced by TBH. The increased levels of LDH, ALT and AST induced by TBH were inhibited by bisdemethoxycurcumin. GaIN markedly increased the levels of LDH, ALT and AST. These increases were significantly inhibited by bisdemethoxycurcumin. The increase in AST level was inhibited by curcumin. These results suggest that curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin have potent hepatoprotective activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to extract the major factors related to the deterioration mechanism of white organic light-emitting diodes(WOLED) by performing accelerated testing of temperature, voltage, time, etc., and to develop an accelerated life test(ALT) model. The measurement results of the brightness of the WOLED exhibited that their average brightness tended to increase as the operating voltage increased and that the half-life period of the brightness appeared after approximately 400 hours when the operating voltage was 20V and the ambient temperature was $85^{\circ}C$. It could be seen that although the WOLED showed comparatively the same brightness when the initial acceleration began after the operating voltage was applied to it, its brightness changed excessively after the WOLED's thermal storage had been made. In addition, it was observed that the half-life period was reduced as the ambient temperature and applied voltage increased. The strength of the WOLED which had been maintained in the range of visible light at the maximum load was reduced by the deterioration of the organic light emitting material due to the influence of the operating voltage and temperature, and the reduction of emitted light was small at low voltage and temperature. It could be seen that the failure of the WOLED during the ALT was caused by wear due to load accumulation over time, and that Weibull distribution was appropriate for the life distribution and acceleration was established between test conditions. From the WOLED analysis, it is thought that factors influencing the brightness deterioration are voltage, temperature, etc., and that comprehensive analysis considering discharge control, dielectric tangent margin, etc., would further increase the reliability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.259-267
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• 2010

To evaluate an effect of liver damage on ethanol and xylene exposure, experiments on normal male rats of the S-D strain were performed in 4 groups. The biochemical results suggest that the ethanol group had significantly higher levels of AST, ALT, LDH and also, the xylene group had notably higher levels of AST, ALT, LDH along with MMHPA than those of the control groups. The levels of AST, ALT and LDH in the ethanol+xylene group were drastically higher than those in the control, ethanol and xylene groups. But, there were significantly lower ALP levels in the xylene and ethanol+xylene groups than both the control and ethanol groups. The histological features of rat livers treated with alcohol, or xylene proved to be normal. But the rat livers treated with ethanol+xylene showed mild to moderate necrosis and inflammation as well as minimal fatty changes. The results in this experiment suggest that liver functions decreased when medicated together with xylene and ethanol rather than solely with xylene.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of ginseng extract on the activities of several enzymes in serum of rats fed lard and alcohol. Thirty-five males of Sprague-Dawley strains weighed about 130 g were divided into 7 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 10 weeks; i.e. basal diet plus 15% lard, basal diet plus 5% alcohol, basal diet plus 5% ginseng extract, basal diet plus 15% lard and 5% ginseng extract. Determinations were carried out on the net weight gain, food efficiency ratio, weight of organs, and AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of rats. The results obtained were as follows:Rats given feed containing lard and alcohol showed significant decrease in net weight gain, but ginseng extract caused an increase in food efficiency ratio. Lard supplementation caused an increase in the weight of liver, kidney, spleen, but another groups did not. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH of serum were significantly increased in lard and alcohol containing group but ginseng extract feeding decreased enzyme activities compared to lard and alcohol containing group. The above results suggest that ginseng extract would prevent the metabolic disease of liver by preventing hyperlipemia caused by high fat diet.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

This paper shows quantitative reliability evaluations of a Bluetooth module through extending previous qualitative methods limited to structure reliability tests and solder joint reliability tests for Bluetooth modules. Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) of the modules using temperature difference in temperature cycling as an accelerated stress was conducted for quantitative reliability evaluation under field environment conditions. Lifetime distribution parameters were estimated using the failure times obtained through the ALT, and then Coffin-Manson model was implemented. Results of the ALT showed that the failure mode of the modules was open and the failure mechanisms are both crack and delamination. The ALT reproduced the failure mode and mechanisms of failed Bluetooth modules collected from the field. Further, a quantitative reliability evaluation method with respect to various temperature differences in temperature cycling was proposed in this paper. $B_{10}$ lifetime of the module for the temperature difference $70^{\circ}C$ using the proposed method would be estimated as about 4 years.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Objectives: To gain information on anatomical variation in anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps in a series of clinical cases, with special focus on perforators and pedicles, for potential use in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Materials and Methods: Eight patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery with ALT free flaps after ablative surgery for oral cancer were included. The number of perforators included in cutaneous flaps, location of perforators (septocutaneous or musculocutaneous), and the course of vascular pedicles were intraoperatively investigated. Results: Four cases with a single perforator and four cases with multiple perforators were included in the ALT flap designed along the line from anterior superior iliac spine to patella. Three cases had perforators running the septum between the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle (septocutaneous type), and five cases had perforators running in the vastus lateralis muscle (musculocutaneous type). Regarding the course of vascular pedicles, five cases were derived from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (type I), and three cases were from the transverse branch (type II). Conclusion: Anatomical variation affecting the distribution of perforators and the course of pedicles might prevent use of an ALT free flap in various reconstruction cases. However, these issues can be overcome with an understanding of anatomical variation and meticulous surgical dissection. ALT free flaps are considered reliable options for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the oral and maxillofacial area.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.695-704
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference values of serum chemistry in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), 5 juvenile (n=25) and 3 broodstock (n=15) subpopulations which were differentiated by cultured method. Serum samples were analyzed for the following commercial clinical kits: total protein, albumin, glucose, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), total cholesterol, free cholesterol, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase). Significant differences were observed in the values of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, LDH and ALP between juvenile and broodstock subpopulations. In the comparison of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol and ALP, broodstock subpopulations showed higher levels. On the other hand, increased AST, ALT and LDH were observed in juvenile subpopulations. These results indicate that cultured method are major contributors to health-related physiology of Korean rockfish, juveniles and broodstocks.