• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1993

Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) has been used to treat a variety of parasitic infection in both large and small animals, including Fasciola hepatica. Recently, we can easily contest with carbon tetrachloride in air, food, water, rain and Industry area etc. and it is using in order to induce liver injury in laboratory. In this study. we investigated activitis of LDH, ALP, AST and ALT and amount of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose and BUN in mice serum exposed to $CCl_4.$ The mice divided Into a Naive control(A), corn oil control(B) and experimental group(C, D). Naive control group(A) was given feed and water only. Corn oil control group(B) was given corn oil 1ml /100g of body weight(B.W). Experimental group(C) was given carbon tetrachloride 1ml /100g B.W. ($CCl_4$： corn oil=1：20(V /V) ), Experimental group(D) was given carbon teterachloride 1ml /100g B.W. ($CCl_4$: corn oil=1：10(V /V) ). The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) The body weight was declined after the l0th day In mice exposed to carbon tetra-chloride. 2) The total protein level in serum was significantly in mice exposed to carbon tetra-chloride($P{\leq}0.05$). The albumin and A /G ratio was decresed significantly in mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride($P{\leq}0.01$) 3) All of the activity of LDH, AST, ALT and ALP in mice serum exposed to carbon tetra chloride inclosed significantly activity of LDH ($P{\leq}0.05$), inclosed significantly activity of AST($P{\leq}0.05, \;p {\leq}0.01$), inclosed significantly activityof ALT 3nd ALP($P {\leq}0.05,\;p {\leq}0.01$). 4) The amount of cholesterol and triacylglycerol, lipid metabolite products in serum was inclosed in case of cholesterol but did not change in case of triacylglycerol.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.168-177
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• 2021

The effects of the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture on the activities of osteoblast differentiation and the restraint of osteoclast formation were investigated. the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture in the human osteoblast "MG-63" cell, was examined in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red stains. In order to observe the effects of osteoclasts formation, we analyzed RAW 264.7 cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP stains. In cytotoxicity testing, it was confirmed that apple extract is safe at a concentration of 50 ㎍/㎖ or less. The ALP activity and Bone calcification formation ability were the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture had a lower activity than that of control group. However the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture significantly reduced activity of TRAP in the RAW 264.7 osteoclastic cell generation and effectively Inhibited the TRAP(+) multinuclear cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture enhances the inhibitory activity of bone-resorption in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture seem to be effective in the prevention and treatment of bone related disorders.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.20-37
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• 2023

Purpose: Our pilot study showed that a 3-dimensional dual drug delivery scaffold (DDDS) loaded with Chinese herbs significantly increased the regenerated bone volume fraction. This study aimed to confirm the synergistic anti-inflammatory and osteogenic preclinical effects of this system. Methods: The targets and pathways of parthenolide and naringin were predicted. Three cell models were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of parthenolide and the osteogenic effects of naringin. First, the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of surgical defects were measured in a rat model of periodontitis with periodontal fenestration defects. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. Furthermore, the number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, as well as the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and levels of ALP were determined. Results: Target prediction suggested prostaglandin peroxidase synthase (PTGS2) as a potential target of parthenolide, while cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A1 (CYP19A1) and taste 2 receptor member 31 (TAS2R31) were potential targets of naringin. Parthenolide mainly targeted inflammation-related pathways, while naringin participated in steroid hormone synthesis and taste transduction. In vitro experiments revealed significant antiinflammatory effects of parthenolide on RAW264.7 cells, and significant osteogenic effects of naringin on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and MC3T3-E1 cells. DDDS loaded with parthenolide and naringin decreased the CEJ-ABC distance and increased BMD and ALP levels in a time-dependent manner. Inflammation was significantly alleviated after 14 days of DDDS treatment. Additionally, after 56 days, the DDDS group exhibited the highest BMD and ALP levels. Conclusions: DDDS loaded with parthenolide and naringin in a rat model achieved significant synergistic anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects, providing powerful preclinical evidence.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.607-613
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a disease involving a decrease in bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. The MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cell line is a well-accepted model of osteogenesis in vitro. Pine needles have long been used as a traditional health-promoting medicinal food in Korea. In this study, MTT assay, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen synthesis of osteoblast cells were investigated to determine the effects of pine needle extracts on cell proliferation and differentiation. Pine needle extracts were prepared using hexane, ethanol and water. The effects of the pine needle extracts were examined by comparing the results with those of commercial agents, such as proanthocyanidin. The MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to proanthocyanidin showed increased proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The cells exposed to the hexane extract showed a similar increase in proliferation to that observed with proanthocyanidin. The hexane extract showed the highest ALP activity. Moreover, a supplement of pine needle extracts induced collagen synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. The pine needle extract produced the highest level of collagen synthesis at concentrations of $10{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/ml$. These results indicate that pine needle extracts have an anabolic effect on bone by promoting osteoblastic differentiation, and may be used in the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2002

This study investigated associations between calcium intake, exercise behaviors, lumbar bona mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) among 79 premenopausal women (mean age = 41yr). The BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine (L$_2$-L$_4$) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nutrient intake was estimated by the convenient method and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire was designed for this study that included the most commonly consumed floods sources of Ca. Participants were asked to identify all activities of exercise they had participated in including estimation of number of years of participation, number of weeks per year, number of times per week, and the number of hours per session. Participants were then categorized into the exercise group or nonexercise group (control). To meet the criteria for inclusion in the exercise group, the subjects participated more than 3 sessions per week and more than 30 minutes per session and the length of the exercise participation was at least more then 6 months. The participants were also grouped by calcium intake. The total calcium intake of all participants was estimated by dietary calcium intake and then the subjects were divided into quartiles to assess the lumbar BMD and BMC of the upper 25% (average calcium intake = 910 mg) and the lower 25% (average calcium intake = 414 mg). Results indicated that there were no significant differences in energy and calcium intake, and that there were no significant differences in lumbar BMD and BMC between participants in exercise group and the nonexercising control group. However, the exercise group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the nonexercise group. The upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly greater lumbar bone mineral density and bone mineral content than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Also the upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Correlation analysis revealed that the spinal BMB was positively associated with body weight, while calcium intake was negatively associated with ALP concentration in nonexercising women. However, neither body weight nor dietary calcium intake were associated with both spinal BMD or ALP concentration in exercising women. These results suggest that calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in nonexercisulg premenopausal women. Exercise group did not affected by body weight and dietary calcium, but decreased ALP concentration than nonexercising group. Both exercise and calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in premenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.929-936
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above edible sources, Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Miq. root (SVR) extracts, were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with $\alpha-MEM$(vehicle control), dexamethasone and genestein (positive control), and SVR extracts for 27 days. The effects of SVR MeOH extracts and its fractions on cell proliferation were measured by MTT assay. At 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$ of SVR methanol extract treated, that were elevated of cell proliferation to 140 and $120\%$ via vehicle control, respectively. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry at 3, 9, 18, and 27th day. As the results, every extracts and fractions were promoted ALP activity by time course at 1, 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$, except n-hexane and chloroform fractions. Remarkably, the MeOH extracts were increased ALP activity more than 4.4 times compared with vehicle control, 2.2 times via positive control at 27th day (p<0.05). The SVR MeOH extracts treated cells, especially at a concentration of 10${\mu}g/mL$, showed remarkably higher than vehicle-treated control cells of mineralization which were checked by Alizarin red staining. These results indicate that SVR methanol extract have an induction ability of proliferation and differentiation on osteoblast.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

It is reported that Pueraria Radix contains phtoestrogens whereas flower, and bud of Pueraria lobata Ohwi were not known. In the present study, we determined the amount of phytoestrogen in each portion of P. lobata Ohwi and carried out therapeutic effects of osteoporosis. The amounts of genistein, daidzein, and formononetin in Pueraria Radix (PR), Pueraria Flos (PF), and young Pueratia Folium (PL) were quantitated using a HPLC system. Proliferation of osteoblast and growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast were measured in order to screen their effects on osteoporosis. Proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) was analyzed by both MTT methods and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast was also detected as Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. Ovariectomized rat as an in vivo animal model was selected and administrations of PR were 1 g/kg/day (PR-1) and 5 g/kg/day (PR-5) for 9 weeks, respectively. Trabecular bone areas (TBAs) of tibia and lumbar were analyzed usibg histomorphological methods. Results show that PR contains the highest level of daidzein ($10435{\pm}2143\;mg/kg$ of dried herb) and stimulated ALP activity, approximately 160% of the control. Growth inhibitory effect on osteoclast by both PR and daidzein were almost identical with control although $IC_{50}$ of genistein was $5.81{\times}10^{-7}$ M. Increases in body weight of OVX rats were suppressed by administration of PR but wet weights of uterus in PR-5 group were increased (p<0.05). Plasma ALP and HDL-cholesterol levels were decreased following ages (p<0.01), and LDL-cholesterol level was also decreased in PR-5 group at 20 week of age (p<0.01). TBAs of tibia and lumbar in PR-1 and PR-5 groups were higher than those of the control although the values were less than those of the sham group (each p<0.01) In conclusion, administrations of PR prevented loss of TBAs of tibia and lumber in OVX rats, while PL and PF did not (p<0.01).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2019

Recently, Korea has seen a rapid increase in the elderly population. As a result, osteoporosis, a geriatric disease, has become a social problem. To investigate the novel and natural materials for promoting osteoblastogenesis, we investigated the osteoblastogenic activity of Tenebrio molitor larvae oil (TMO) on the MG-63 preosteoblast cells. The cytotoxicity and proliferation effects of TMO on MG-63 cells were measured by MTS assay. There was no cytotoxicity up to $80{\mu}g/ml$. At 40 and $80{\mu}g/ml$ of TMO (treated for 48 hr), cell proliferation was elevated about 120% compared to the control. The osteoblastogenic activity of TMO was measured with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 5 days. Doses of 5 to $80{\mu}g/ml$ of TMO increased ALP activities significantly compared with the control. In addition, expression of ALP and Runx2 (osteoblastogenic markers) were markedly increased after treatment of TMO for 5 days. These results provide evidence that TMO promotes osteoblastogenesis by increasing the gene and protein expression of ALP and Runx2, and they suggest that TMO may be a potential agent for bone formation and preventing osteoporosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 1987

The present investigation has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of implantation process, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids in the differentiation of uterine endometrium for implantation. In particular, an attempt was made to examine the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the either luminal, stroma or endometrium tissue sites under the pseudopregnant state induced by ovarian steroid hormones. Attempt was also made to demonstrate the correlate function of ovarian steroids with the cAMP concentration and prolactin level. The higher activity of ALP in the uterine endometrium was observed on day 3. However, the higher activity of ALP in the stroma and epithelium was observed on Day 6. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that progesterone is consecutive effect in stroma differ entiation. The cAMP concentrations on Day 3 treated with E or P was lower than those of control. On the other hand concentration on Day 6 treated with hormones was increased than those of control. It is, therefore, concluded that the concentration of cAMP in the uterine tissue undergoing differentiation is decreased. The prolactin level of the treated groups was the lower levels than those of the control groups. It is indicated that there is no effect of ovarian steroid hormone on the prolactin synthesis in this pseudopregnant state.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.389-394
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• 2016

Dovitinib (TKI258) is a small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor currently in clinical phase I/II/III development for the treatment of various types of cancers. This drug has a safe and effective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. Although dovitinib can bind several kinases at nanomolar concentrations, there are no reports relating to osteoporosis or osteoblast differentiation. Herein, we investigated the effect of dovitinib on human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Dovitinib enhanced the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, which is a representative marker of osteoblast differentiation. Dovitinib also stimulated the translocation of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, the mRNA expression of BMP-4, BMP-7, ALP, and OCN increased with dovitinib treatment. Our results suggest that dovitinib has a potent stimulating effect on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and this existing drug has potential for repositioning in the treatment of bone-related disorders.