• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes and identify prognostic factors in patients with cerebral metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) particularly, focusing on associations of biomarkers and systemic treatments. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 134 patients who underwent GKS for brain metastases due to NSCLC between January 2002 and December 2012. Representative biomarkers including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, K-ras mutation, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation status were investigated. Results : The median overall survival after GKS was 22.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8-35.1 months). During follow-up, 63 patients underwent salvage treatment after GKS. The median salvage treatment-free survival was 7.9 months (95% CI, 5.2-10.6 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that lower recursive partition analysis (RPA) class, small number of brain lesions, EGFR mutation (+), and ALK mutation (+) were independent positive prognostic factors associated with longer overall survival. Patients who received target agents 30 days after GKS experienced significant improvements in overall survival and salvage treatment-free survival than patients who never received target agents and patients who received target agents before GKS or within 30 days (median overall survival: 5.0 months vs. 18.2 months, and 48.0 months with p-value=0.026; median salvage treatment-free survival: 4.3 months vs. 6.1 months and 16.6 months with p-value=0.006, respectively). To assess the influence of target agents on the pattern of progression, cases that showed local recurrence and new lesion formation were analyzed according to target agents, but no significant effects were identified. Conclusion : The prognosis of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after GKS significantly differed according to specific biomarkers (EGFR and ALK mutations). Our results show that target agents combined with GKS was related to significantly longer overall survival, and salvage treatment-free survival. However, target agents were not specifically associated with improved local control of the lesion treated by GKS either development of new lesions. Therefore, it seems that currently popular target agents do not affect brain lesions themselves, and can prolong survival by controlling systemic disease status.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

This study reconstructs past vegetation changes in southeastern Korea over the last 30 thousand years using plant waxes (i.e. long chain n-alkanes) and their carbon isotopic compositions (${\delta}^{13}C_{alk}$) preserved in marine sediment core (KIODP 12-1) retrieved from the East Sea. Here we show changes in vegetation composition in the Korean peninsula in relation to the strength of the East Asian Summer Monsoon. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the summer monsoon weakened, precipitation decreased and $C_3$ grassland expanded. After the LGM, the summer monsoon gradually intensified, increasing rainfall, and thus expanding the forestland coverage. Precipitation climaxed from 10 to 6 kyr BP, which includes the Holocene Climate Optimum. The grassland began to expand since 5 kyr BP due to climate warming and drying towards the present. The ${\delta}^{13}C_{alk}$ values may also have been influenced by agricultural activities, which is known to have begun since the late Neolithic (ca. 7.0~3.0 kyr BP). Our results demonstrate how changes in the global climate state influence regional atmospheric circulation and precipitation distribution, and consequently terrestrial plant composition in southeastern Korea.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized as CD30 positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative. In 2016, the World Health Organization declared BIA-ALCL as a new disease entity. The first case of BIA-ALCL was reported in 1997, and as of July 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration had cited a total of 573 United States and global medical device reports of BIA-ALCL, including 33 deaths. In all clinical case reports, except for those with unknown clinical history, the patient had received at least one textured surface breast implant. Although the etiology is not yet clear, chronic inflammation has been proposed as a potential precursor to tumorigenesis. The most common presentation of BIA-ALCL is peri-implant fluid collection following aesthetic or reconstructive implantation with textured surface breast implants. It can be accompanied by breast swelling, asymmetry, pain, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and B-type symptoms. Most cases are detected on average 7 to 10 years after implantation. Diagnostic specimens can be obtained with fine-needle aspiration or biopsy. BIA-ALCL is CD30 positive, epithelial membrane antigen positive, and ALK negative. It can be cured with complete surgical excision at the T1-T3 stage.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1998

Ethylene을 생성하는 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. AIk-7를 분리 동정하였고, Bacillus sp. AIk-7의 ethylene 생성 경로와 전구 물질을 규명하기 위한 일환으로 이 균주의 intact cell과 cell-free system에서의 다양한 기질의 전환효과를 검토하였다. Intact cell과 cell-free system 모두에서 ethylene 생성을 극대화하기 위한 전환 조건은 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 10.3으로 조사되었고, 기질 전환 효과를 검토한 결과 methionine(Met)과 1-amlnocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)가 압도적으로 많은 ethylene을 생성하였다. Cell-free system에서 저해제의 영향을 살펴본 결과 EDTA억제 효과로 2가 양이온이 필요함을, AOA 억제효과로 transaminase가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. Azide는 Met에서 ACC로의 단계에선 억제효과가 있었으나, ACC ethylene 전환 단계에선 오히려 활성효과를 보여주었다. 식물에서는 ACC에서 ethylene 과정은 Co$^{2+}$에 의해 저해받는데 반해 Bacillus sp. AIk-7은 Co$^{2+}$에 의해 ACC에서 ethylene과정이 10-70배 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 Bacillus sp. AIk-7에 의한 ethylene 생성 전구체는 Met과 ACC일 가능성이 있다.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) in conjunction with Alectinib. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutated (2+) non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma stage IV, suffering from edema of lower extremities, dyspnea, pleural effusion, general weakness, insomnia. The patient being treated with Alectinib was treated with Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) for disease control and symptom management. The clinical outcomes were measured by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), Numeral rating scale (NRS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Results: After treatment, dyspnea and edema of lower extremities was relieved from NRS 7 to 5, and 6 to 1 respectively. And ECOG score of the patient was improved from grade 3 to 2. During and after treatment, we didn't find any severe toxicities on laboratory findings. Conclusion: This case study suggests that Samchilchoongcho-Jung (HAD-B1) may improve symptom relief and life quality of NSCLC patient in conjunction with Alectinib.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2010

To construct a highly sensitive detection system for endocrine disruptors (EDs), we have compared the activity of promoters with the n-alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 gene (ALK1), isocitrate lyase gene (ICL1), ribosomal protein S7 gene (RPS7), and the translation elongation factor-1${\alpha}$ gene (TEF1) for the heterologous gene in Yarrowia lipolytica. The promoters were introduced into the upstream of the lacZ or hERa reporter genes, respectively, and the activity was evaluated by ${\beta}$-galactosidase assay for lacZ and Western blot analysis for hER${\alpha}$. The expression analysis revealed that the ALK1 and ICL1 promoters were induced by n-decane and by EtOH, respectively. The constitutive promoter of RPS7 and TEF1 showed mostly a high level of expression in the presence of glucose and glycerol, respectively. In particular, the TEF1 promoter showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity and a significant signal by Western blotting with the anti-estrogen receptor, compared with the other promoters. Moreover, the detection system was constructed with promoters linked to the upstream of the expression vector for the hER${\alpha}$ gene transformed into the Y. lipolytica with a chromosome-integrated lacZ reporter gene under the control of estrogen response elements (EREs). It was indicated that a combination of pTEF1p-hER${\alpha}$ and CXAU1-2XERE was the most effective system for the $E_2$-dependent induction of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity. This system showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity at $10^{-6}\;M\;E_2$, and the activity could be detected at even the concentration of $10^{-10}\;M\;E_2$. As a result, we have constructed a strongly sensitive detection system with Y. lipolitica to evaluate recognized/suspected ED chemicals, such as natural/synthetic hormones, pesticides, and commercial chemicals. The results demonstrate the utility, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the system for identifying and characterizing environmental estrogens.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.426-432
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• 1991

Rat에 들깨유, 옥수수유, 올리브유를 28일간 매일 투여하여 rat성장율과 간대사 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중 증가율은 2주째까지는 대조군 11.72~23,07%에 비교한 실험군 모두 7.86~20.89%로 약간 둔화되나 대체로 정상으로 볼 수 있고, 3, 4주째 들깨유 투여군(A군)이 7.57~8.63%로 대조군의 17.53~13.81%에 비해 현저히 감소되고 기타 B, C군은 대조군과 거의 같은 수준이다. 혈액의 생호학적 검사결과에서 GOT, GPT값은 전 4주간 대조군의 평균 158.8와 178.8u와 비교한 B, C군은 각각 148.1~72.5u와 153.71~83.58u로 별 영향이 없으나 들깨군(A군)은 GOT, GPT가 174.87과 93,46u로 대조군 보다 약간 증가된 값이다. Alk-P는 대조군의 58.5u에 비교한 전 실험군의 평균 58.62~61.95u는 별차이가 없다. Cholesterol과 triglyceride값은 시료의 불포화도 증대에 비례하여 감소하는 경향이고 대조군의 cholesterol과 triglyceride값 60.33mg/dl~50mg/dl과 비교한 A, B, C군이 각각 54.6~36, 61.89~44, 63.71~51mg/dl을 보여 큰 폭의 차이는 없었다. 간조직 검사 결과 A, B, C군 모두 4주재 1필에서 kupffer cell의 증식내지 활동도 증가를 보이고 특히 들깨유군의 경우는 담관의 팽대, 옥수수유군은 vesicular nuclei의 관찰, 올리브유군은 mild fatty metamorphosis가 관찰되었으나 나머지는 대부분 정상이었다. 이상의 결과에서 들깨유, 옥수수유, 올리브유를 1개월간 rat kg당 1.57ml을 매일 투여하니 유지의 불포화도의 증가에 따라 혈중 중성지방과 cholesterol 농도의 근소한 감소를 보였지만 들깨유의 4주간 투여군은 간기능에 다소 부담을 주는 것으로 보이나 대부분 실험군은 별다른 증상을 보이지 않아 . 따라서 들깨유의 장기간 복용은 간기능에 다소 유해적으로 작용할 것으로 보인다.으로 보인다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2023

폐암은 크게 소세포성 폐암과 비소세포성 폐암으로 구분되며 비소세포성폐암이 차지하는 비율은 약 70%~80%이다. 비소세포성폐암 중 폐선암은 전체 폐암의 약 40%를 차지한다. 최근 유전자 프로파일링 기술이 발전하면서 종양의 발생 및 성장에 중요한 종양 유전자와 종양 억제 유전자의 변이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 폐암을 유발하는 특정 유전자들이 발견되면서 생존율에 큰 영향을 미치게 되었으며 특히 폐선암은 차세대 염기서열 분석법(next generation sequencing, NGS)을 이용한 동반진단을 통해 표적 치료로 생존을 높이는 데 도움을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국인에서 폐선암을 유발하는 유전자 변이 검출을 위해 비소세포성폐암 환자의 파라핀 포매조직(formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded)으로 hematoxylin and eosin 염색을 시행하여 폐선암을 구분하였으며 정확한 폐선암 조직을 분류하기 위해 면역조직화학(immunohistochemistry, IHC)염색을 시행하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 NGS를 이용하여 유전자 변이의 종류와 패턴을 분석하였고 폐암을 유발하는 가장 대표적인 원인인 흡연과의 관계를 확인하였다. NGS 결과 단일염기서열변이(single nucleotide variation, SNV), 복제수변이 (copy number variation, CNV), 유전자 재배열을 확인하였으며 폐선암에서 SNV는 TP53 (44.6%), EGFR (35.7%), KRAS (10.7%), PIK3CA (6.2%), CDKN2A (4.4%) 순으로 발생하였고 CNV의 경우 EGFR (14%)이 가장 빈번하게 발생하였다. 또한 ALK, ROS1, RET 과 같은 유전자 재배열을 확인하였다. NGS의 신뢰도를 확인을 위하여 기존에 사용되고 있는 유전자 검사방법인 PCR-EGFR, IHC-ALK (D5F3), FISH-ROS1 검사를 추가적으로 시행하여 NGS 결과와 일치도를 확인하였다. 이 연구는 폐선암 환자에 대한 NGS가 여러 유전자의 돌연변이를 동시에 확인하여 치료 전략에 더욱 긍정적인 이익을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.413-419
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• 1994

Mold growth decreased nutritive value of wheat straw (WS). Mold increased DM (94 vs 98%) and ADF (51 vs 56%) contents and had no effect on natural detergent fiber (NDF). Crude protein and N values were decreased in moldy wheat straw, Mold increased insoluble N content of wheat straw (WS) from 21 to 27%. Ammoniation increased the CP of nonmoldy straw from 3.8 to 8.3% and moldy straw from (3.3 to 6.2%). Aspergillus and zygomycetes fungal species were most prevalent and total numbers were higher on moldy straw. Ammoniation decreased total numbers of fungal spores on nonmoldy and moldy WS. Ammoniation of moldy WS increased (p < 0.10) feed in take (1.8%) as compared with nonmoldy, ammoniated, nonmoldy and moldy WS. Steers fed moldy WS had lowest (p < 0.10) feed intake (1.3% of BW daily) compared with other diet. There was little difference (p < 0.10) in intake of nonammoniated vs. ammoniated WS. Steers fed moldy straw lost 6 kg BW. Ammoniated, nonmoldy straw elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) (10.5 mg/dl). Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK) was greater in steers fed moldy VS nonmoldy straw (148 VS 95 U/liter. p < 0.10).

• 약학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1976

Sixteen compounds of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized from alkyl ($C_{1-5}$) p-aminosalicylate by thiocyanation reaction. The NMR spectra of synthesized compounds showed that they were actually mixture of 5-hydroxy-6-alk-oxycarbonyl-2-aminobenzothiazole [alkoxy=methoxy(Ia), ethoxy (IIa), n-propoxy (IIIa), iso-propoxy (IVa), n-butoxy (Va), iso-butoxy (VIa), n-amoxy (VIIa), iso-amoxy(VIIIa)] and 7-(1b), ethoxy(IIb), n-propoxy(IIIb), iso-propoxy(IVb), n-butoxy(Vb), iso-butpxy (VIb), n-amoxy (VIIb), iso-amoxy (VIIIb)]. The mixtures of two isomeric benzothiazole were separated by two isomers varied with the kind of alkyl chain in alkyl p-aminosalicylate. These compounds were subjected to the test for antimicrobial activities using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by tube dilutioin method. The seven compounds, Ia, IIa, IIIa, VIa, IIIb, IVb and Vb showed inhibition of the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of 10${\mu}$g/ml. As to the growth of E. coli, IVb, VIb, VIIb, and VIIIb were observed inhibition at the concentration of 1${\mu}$g/ml. Ia, IIa, IIIa, VIIa, Va, VIIIa, and IIb exhibited potential antimicrobial activities against showed inhibition of the growth of E.coli at the concentration of 100${\mu}$/ml.