• Computers and Concrete
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.473-489
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• 2011

In designing a flexural member for structural safety, both the flexural strength and ductility have to be considered. For this purpose, the flexural ductility of reinforced concrete sections has been studied quite extensively. As there have been relatively few studies on the flexural ductility of prestressed concrete sections, it is not well understood how various structural parameters affect the flexural ductility. In the present study, the full-range flexural responses of reinforced and prestressed concrete sections are analyzed taking into account the nonlinearity and stress-path dependence of constitutive materials. From the numerical results, the effects of steel content, yield strength and degree of prestressing on the yield curvature and ultimate curvature are evaluated. It is found that whilst the concept of flexural ductility in terms of the ductility factor works well for reinforced sections, it can be misleading when applied to prestressed concrete sections. For prestressed concrete sections, the concept of flexural deformability in terms of ultimate curvature times overall depth of section may be more appropriate.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine what factors affect the construction of preservice white mathematics teachers' racial identities and the relationship between their racial identities and Culturally Relevant Teaching (CRT) practices. We examined five white female preservice teachers who enrolled in an elementary mathematics methods course at a private university in the US. We collected data consisting of lesson plans, semi-structured interviews, and reflection of a taught lesson in the 2018 fall term and examined them using qualitative research methods. We found that preservice teachers' racial identities were affected by their backgrounds, K-12 school experiences, and practicum school environment. We also found a relationship between teachers' sensitivity to racial issues and their endorsement of CRT strategies. The findings also revealed that the relationships were mediated by practicum school contexts. Based on the findings, we provided practical implications for the teacher education programs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2022

Although modern medicine has made great strides in the management of burn injuries, associated complications such as pain, infection, dyspigmentation, and scarring have yet to be fully dealt with. Although skin grafting and meshing are routinely performed on burn patients, this method poses a risk for adverse effects. Activated autologous platelet-rich plasma (aaPRP), which is increasingly used in the field of plastic surgery, contains growth factors beneficial for wound regeneration. Seven cases of burns with varying severity and conditions that were treated with intralesional subcutaneous injection and intravenous aaPRP are presented and discussed herein. This case series indicates that subcutaneous and intravenous aaPRP is a safe procedure with the potential to be an alternative when skin grafting cannot be done or as an adjunct treatment to skin grafting.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

증강현실 기술은 실제 환경에 가상의 물체를 덧씌우는 기술을 말하며, 이는 지리정보의 가시화 같은 작업에 매우 큰 잠재력을 갖고 있다. 하지만 지금까지 연구된 이동형 증강현실 시스템은 사용자의 위치를 파악하기 위해 GPS를 사용하거나 마커를 현장에 붙이는 방식을 사용하였다. 최근 연구들은 마커를 사용하지 않는 방법을 지향하고 있으나 많은 제약을 갖고 있다. 특히 실내의 경우는 GPS정보를 사용할 수 없기 때문에 실내 위치파악을 위해서는 새로운 기술이 필요하다. 최근 무선(RF)기반의 실내 위치 추정 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있지만, 이 또한 다량의 센서와 인식기를 설치해야한다는 제약이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 한 대의 카메라를 사용하는 SLAM 알고리듬을 이용한 위치 추정기법을 제시하였으며, 추정된 위치를 이용하여 증강현실을 통한 정보 가시화 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이는 실내외 seamless 연동형 u_GIS 시스템의 밑바탕이 될 것이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.124-127
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• 2020

관계 추출은 문장에서 두 개의 엔티티가 주어졌을 때 두 개의 엔티티에 대한 의미적 이해를 통해 관계를 분류하는 작업이다. 이와 같이 관계 추출에서 관계를 분류하기 위해서는 두 개의 엔티티에 대한 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 관계 추출을 하기 위해 문장에서 엔티티들의 표현을 다르게하여 관계 추출의 성능을 비교 실험하였다. 첫번째로는 문장에서 [CLS] 토큰(Token)으로 관계를 분류하는 Standard 엔티티 정보 표현과 두번째로는 엔티티의 앞과 뒤에 Special Token을 추가하여 관계를 분류하는 Entity-Markers 엔티티 정보 표현했다. 이를 기반으로 문장의 문맥 정보를 학습한 사전 학습(Pre-trained)모델인 BERT-Large와 ALBERT-Large를 적용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 Special Token을 추가한 Entity-Markers의 성능이 높았으며, BERT-Large에서 더 높은 성능 결과를 확인하였다.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.389-394
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• 2011

In many parts of the world, low cost housing used to be built and maintained by the governments, based on designs and detail specifications prepared by the public sector with construction carried out by contractors. Results vary due to differences in design standards, workmanship and property management, depending also on the neighbourhood's care of the estates and their pattern of usage. In the UK, where Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been used for infrastructure projects, there have been successful cases of city estate being transformed by PFI. These PFI housing schemes involve new-build, refurbishment as well as facility management. Unlike traditional construction, which is based on prescriptive specifications, PFI housing is based on output specifications. A study has been undertaken to compare the two specification approaches as they are applied to housing estate. Results are enlightening and serve as good reference to cities such as Hong Kong SAR and Singapore, where public housing provisions have been a major concern of their citizens as the building stock gets older.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-124
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• 2023

Over the past 30 years, intense archaeological research has revealed a great increase in regional and transregional object mobility across the South China Sea during its Iron Age (500 BCE to 500 CE). Some objects had moved from a long distance: intaglios, seals, fine ceramic, glass containers, and gold coins of Mediterranean origin; and large bronzes, mirrors, and lacquerware connected to central East Asia. This evidence has given rise to larger-scale explanations, among which the most prominent has been the growth of (maritime) Silk Road trade. Scholars are divided as to whether the Silk Road is a suitable concept, with some emphasizing its orientalist overtones and colonial baggage and others finding it useful for the investigation of interregional networks trading in silk and other commodities. This paper explores how productive the Silk Road concept or metaphor really is for understanding transregional connectivity and social change in Iron Age Southeast Asia.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

Objective : Vibration stimulators are easier to obtain in clinical settings than other treatment tools, and it is advantageous that the arm activation training can be performed passively. Despite the following advantages, recent studies on vibration sense have not been activated yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vibration sensation on the hands of the affected upper limb on unilateral reduction of stroke patients. Method : Patients with unilateral neglect due to stroke were enrolled in this study for about 3 weeks from October 19, 2018 to November 7, The research design used ABA design among the single-subject experimental research design, and a total of 18 circuits (4 baseline, 6 intervention, 3 baseline regression) were performed once a day on weekdays Respectively. MMES-K was used to select the subjects. Line bisection test (LBT), Albert's test and Star Cancellation Test (SCT) were used as unilateral neglect test. For the analysis, the baseline and intervention period measurements were visually analyzed using graphs and mean values were used. Result : All three evaluations showed that the number of errors missed during the training period was lower than the baseline period, and this decrease remained after training. The error was reduced by an average of $2{\pm}1.2$ omissions and an average omissions of $0.6{\pm}0.5$ omitting an average of $4.5{\pm}1$ omissions in the line break test. As a result of the Albert test, the average error decreased by $22.5{\pm}1.9$ omissions and $8{\pm}7.3$ omissions and $0.3{\pm}0.5$ omissions, respectively. In the star clearance test, the average error decreased from $26{\pm}4.6$ to $21.8{\pm}1.7$ and $20{\pm}0$, respectively. Conclusion : In this study, vibrotactile stimulation therapy showed a continuous effect on improving unilateral neglect. Based on these findings, further research should be conducted in order to improve objectivity in future studies. Further research on various arbitration methods that maximize the effect of intervention will be needed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.261-268
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an effective software education model for youths with disability. This software education model consists of a four-step process. In the first step, it draws the education curriculum of the software education for different types of disabled youths based on the results of comparative analysis of software education field in special education curriculum. In the second step, it suggests achievement standards for effective software education for the disabled students by classifying students with intellectual disabilities and visual, hearing, and physical disabilities without any multiple disabilities. In the third step, the study developed a modular textbook comprised of unplugged activities using coding robot Albert, physical computing, and block/text coding with the reflection of the characteristic of each type of disability. In the fourth step, it applied the textbook to the school field and educated disabled students focusing on experience to allow them to think logically and by stages about different problems they face in daily lives. In addition, by analyzing the results of youths' performance evaluation and surveys, it was shown that 82.3% of developmental disabilities, 78.8% of visual impairments, 90.9% of hearing impairments, and 78.8% of physically disabilities achieved achievements above the "medium" level. These results prove that the software education model for youths with disabilities proposed in this paper is very effective in improving computational chinking of youths with disabilities.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

In traditional social network analysis, the betweenness centrality measure has been heavily used to identify the relative importance of nodes. Since the time complexity to calculate the betweenness centrality is very high, however, it is difficult to get it of each node in large-scale social network where there are so many nodes and edges. In our past study, we defined a new type of network, called the expanded ego network, which is built only with each node's local information, i.e., neighbor information of the node's neighbor nodes, and also defined a new measure, called the expanded ego betweenness centrality. In this paper, We propose algorithm that quickly computes expanded ego betweenness centrality by exploiting structural properties of expanded ego network. Through the experiment with virtual network used Barab$\acute{a}$si-Albert network model to represent the generic social network and facebook network to represent actual social network, We show that the node's importance rank based on the expanded ego betweenness centrality has high similarity with that the node's importance rank based on the existing betweenness centrality. We also show that the proposed algorithm computes the expanded ego betweenness centrality quickly than existing algorithm.