• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

We performed to evaluate the safety of GMOs for a long term exposure in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In this study, groups often or fifteen SD rats were fed one of the following four diets for 90 days: (1) AIN-76A rodent diet only; (2) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically modified soybean from USA; (3) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from USA; (4) AIN-76A rodent diet containing 5% genetically non-modified soybean from Korea. The effects of AIN-76A rodent diet containing genetically modified soybean on body weights, food uptake, water consumption, hematology, serum bio-chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross findings and histopathological findings were not significantly different, compared with others. Taken together, these results suggested that genetically modified soybean did not induce any toxic effects in rats treated for 90 days.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2012

본 연구는 가시오갈피 에탄올 추출물의 지질대사 개선 및 항비만 효과에 대해 구명하고자 3주령 된 흰쥐 40마리를 정상군, AIN-76 식이 대조군, 가시오갈피 추출물 처리군, 양성대조군(가르시니아)으로 나누어 6주간 실시하였다. AIN-76식이로 인하여 체중이 유의적으로 증가하였고, 가시오갈피 추출물은 AIN-76 식이군과 비교 시 10.55% 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 가르시니아 투여군도 13.60% 유의적으로 감소하였고 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군과 유의적으로 같은 수준이었다. 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비하여 모든 군에서 전체적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군은 대조군 대비 16.87% 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 AIN-76식이 대조군이 정상군 대비 28.36% 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였고, 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군과 가르시니아 투여군은 AIN-76 식이군 대비 각각 25.47, 27.15% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 중성지방 함량은 AIN-76 식이군이 정상군 대비 35.04% 유의적으로 증가하였다. 가시오갈피 추출물 잎 투여군과 가르시니아 투여군은 AIN-76 식이군 대비 각각 37.54, 26.76% 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군과 가르시니아 투여군은 AIN-76 식이군 대비 각각 7.01, 5.00% 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간과 부고환 지방 조직의 무게는 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여로 유의하게 감소하였다. 간 조직 내 중성지방의 경우 AIN-76 식이군에서 정상군 대비 27.21% 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였고, 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군과 가르시니아 투여군에서는 AIN-76 식이군 대비 각각 6.77, 10.52% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 총 콜레스테롤은 AIN-76 식이군이 정상군과 비교하여 28.21% 증가하였고, 가시오갈피 잎 추출물 투여군과 가르시니아 투여군 에서는 각각 5.78, 6.91% 유의적으로 감소하였다. 위의 실험 결과 향후 가시오갈피 잎 추출물은 비만 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and hematological changes of the rats when supplemented with the powdered tubers of chufa(Cyperus esculentus) for four weeks. Nutritional composition of the powdered tuber of chufa is crude lipid(22.3%), crude protein(7.0%), crude fiber(8.8%), ash(5.1%), nitrogen free extract(48.9%) and water(7.9%), respectively. Sixteen Sprague-Dawley male $rats(173.1\pm3.8$ g) were randomly divided into two groups, control group and chufa group. Rats in control group were fed with American Institute of Nutrition(AIN)-76 diet and rats in chufa group were fed with modified AIN-76 diet contained the powdered tubers of chufa at the proportion of 26% of total diet in order to substitute the oil content of AIN-76 diet. Final body weight, gain of body weight and feed intake of rats in chufa group were larger than those of rats in control group significantly. But feeding efficiency of rats in chufa group was less than that of rats in control group significantly. All hematological values such as hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and serological values such as glucose, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different between control and chufa group, respectively. Thus powdered tuber of chufa showed good tastefulness and did not provoke any adverse effect to the health indicators of rats. Therefore tuber of chufa would be used as new adequate feed resource for animals and possibly as suitable food resource for humans.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 1991

메밀보충급여가 백서의 혈압 및 혈당에 미치는 효과를 검토 하고자 AIN-76 diet와 AIN-76 diet의 탄수화물원을 박피 메밀분으로 교체한 식이로 4주간 사육하여 성장율, 혈당, 인슐린 분비능, 혈압 등의 변화를 측정하고 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 동일실험 기간동안 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 대조군과 메밀투여군 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 메밀보충 급여군은 혈당강하작용이 있음이 관찰되었으며, 혈압은 유의성이 없으나 수치적으로 어느 정도 감소시키는 경향을 보였다. 또한 메밀보충급여에 의해 공복시 혈청 인슐린 수준은 낮았으며 혈당을 투여한 후 혈중의 당이 증가하면 분비되는 인슐린 양도 빠르게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의성은 없었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

Eryngium foetidum Linn. leaves (EF) are widely used in Thailand and many countries throughout Asia as a culinary seasoning and a traditional medicine. However, adverse effect of high dose consumption in long duration has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate chronic toxicity of EF in mice. Thirty-two ICR male mice were divided into 4 groups of 8 mice each. The mice were fed AIN-76 rodent diet, or AIN-76 rodent diet supplemented with ground freeze-dried EF at 0.8%, 1.6% and 3.2% that is equivalent to approximately 35, 73 and 155 times that of human consumption, respectively, at 97.5 percentile for a period of 24 weeks. At the end of experiment, the mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical evaluations. Necropsy was performed while visceral organs such as lung, liver, kidneys, spleen etc. were collected, weighed and histopathologically examined. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) results of mice in 1.6% and 3.2% EF diet groups were significantly higher than the BUN of control group. No significant difference was noted in other biochemical and hematological properties between the treatment groups and control; all results were within normal range. Histopathology of almost all visceral organs showed no significant changes. However, tubulonephrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis were observed in the groups treated with 1.6% and 3.2% EF diet. Body weight was reduced significantly at week 12 to week 20 when compared to the control group while relative kidney weights were significantly increased. In conclusion, the consumption of EF in diet at high doses illustrated the adverse effect on some biochemical parameters and histopathology in mice. Our findings suggested that EF daily consumption for 24 weeks, at higher doses than the 0.8% EF diet (35 times of human consumption), might cause adverse effect on kidney function in mice.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mustard leaf diet on the lipid metabolism under chronic alcohol administration. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either AIN-76 diet(control), control with ethanol, AIN-76 diet plus 5% mustard leaf(mustard leaf), or mustard leaf with ethanol lot 30 days. On the 21st day, all of the rats were given an oral dose of ethanol and blood-ethanol concentration were monitored for the next 5 hours. Lipid and enzyme determinations in serum and liver were carried out after 30 days. The results obtained were summarized as following: 1) Supplementing 5% of mustard leaf did not recover the body weight loss due to chronic alcohol administration. 2) There were no significant differences in blood ethanol concentrations among the experimental groups. 3) Mustard leaf diet decreased the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride levels increased due to the chronic alcohol administration, but not HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, and liver lipids. 4) Mustard leaf diet decreased ${\gamma}$ -GTP level increased by chronic alcohol administration. Overall, these data suggest that mustard lear can have a recovery function, which was not via ethanol metabolism on the symptoms of alcohol related diseases.(Korean J Human Ecology 1(1) : 94~102, 1998)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.670-676
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• 1999

The effect of exercise and/or high fat diet on carnitine status and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPT I) level were investigated in Weanling Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were fed an AIN 76 diet or a modified high fat AIN diet, supplemented with 35% corn oil, for 31 days. During the 31 day period half of the animals in each dietary group were exercised on a treadmill for 90 minutes per day. Carnitine concentrations were determined in plasma and liver and CPT I mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis with CPT I cDNA probe in livers of rats. Exercise rats gained less weight than non exercised rats during the study for high fat diet group. Exercise rats had a higher plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine and acid insoluble acylcarnitine concnetrations than non exercised rats for normal diet group. Exercise or high fat diet increased liver carnitine concentration, but a mixed effect was not shown. In exercised rats, CPT I mRNA levels increased significantly relative to those of nonexercised rats. CPT I mRNA levels also increased when compared high fat fed rats with those of normal diet fed rats. These data suggest that there is a correlation between carnitine concen trations and CPT I mRNA levels and that CPT I can be regulated at the transcriptional level by exercise and/or high fat diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have indicated that when compared to young mice, old mice have lower global DNA methylation and higher p16 promoter methylation in colonic mucosa, which is a common finding in colon cancer. It is also known that a Western-style diet (WSD) high in fat and calories, and low in calcium, vitamin D, fiber, methionine and choline (based on the AIN 76A diet) is tumorigenic in colons of mice. Because DNA methylation is modifiable by diet, we investigate whether a WSD disrupts DNA methylation patterns, creating a tumorigenic environment. SUBJECTVIES/METHODS: We investigated the effects of a WSD and aging on global and p16 promoter DNA methylation in the colon. Two month old male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a WSD or a control diet (AIN76A) for 6, 12 or 17 months. Global DNA methylation, p16 promoter methylation and p16 expression were determined by LC/MS, methyl-specific PCR and real time RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The WSD group demonstrated significantly decreased global DNA methylation compared with the control at 17 months (4.05 vs 4.31%, P = 0.019). While both diets did not change global DNA methylation over time, mice fed the WSD had lower global methylation relative to controls when comparing all animals (4.13 vs 4.30%, P = 0.0005). There was an increase in p16 promoter methylation from 6 to 17 months in both diet groups (P < 0.05) but no differences were observed between diet groups. Expression of p16 increased with age in both control and WSD groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this model a WSD reduces global DNA methylation, whereas aging itself has no affect. Although the epigenetic effect of aging was not strong enough to alter global DNA methylation, changes in promoter-specific methylation and gene expression occurred with aging regardless of diet, demonstrating the complexity of epigenetic patterns.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

Acanthopanax senticosus was grown by a novel, proprietary method, of culturing isolated cells in a bioreactor. An extract from the cells was evaluated for its effect on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n＝6) were fed either an AIN-76 diet (control, NDCon), control diet plus Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ND＋Ex), a modified AIN-76 diet supplemented with 20% beef tallow (high fat, HFCon), or a high fat diet plus Acanthopanax senticosus extract (HF＋Ex), for 5weeks. Body weight gain was significantly higher in the HFCon group than the NDCon group. Feed consumption was significantly lower, but energy intake higher, in the groups fed high fat diets compared with the groups fed control diets. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased but serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased in the groups fed the Acanthopanax senticosus extract. Abdominal fat accumulation and serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the HFCon group than the other groups. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) mRNA levels were increased in the groups fed Acanthopanx senticosus extract. These results suggest that supplementation of cell cultured Acanthopanax senticosus extract regulates CPT-I mRNA levels in liver and has an effect on the normalization of lipids in rats fed a high fat diet.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan fiber on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in rats. In order to induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley weanling male rats were allowed free access to AIN-76A diet until 4 weeks of age, and fed high-fat diet (beef tallow, $40\%$ of calories as fat) for 6 weeks until 10 weeks of age. Rats were then fed with $0\%$ thigh- fat control group), $1\%$, or $5\%$ bacterial ~-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 6 weeks. For comparison, normal control group was fed with AIN-76 diet $11.7\%$ fat). Supplementation with bacterial $\beta$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced white fat (i.e., visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced, but, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by bacterial $\beta$-glucan supplementation. Serum leptin level was lower in the $\beta$-glucan groups than in the high-fat group. The expression of UCPs (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased by $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan-containing diet. This study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan is attributed to upregulation of UCPs and inefficient energy utilization.