• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between neck and/or wrist pain and hand grip strength (HGS) and to investigate factors (age, sex, neck disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome) influencing the HGS of industrial quality proofing workers (N = 145). Methods: Standardized questionnaires [Neck Disability Index (NDI), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire] were used to evaluate existing neck and/or wrist pain. HGS measurements were performed in different wrist positions. Results: Significant differences between participants with and without neck pain were found in different wrist positions, in neutral wrist position right [without neck pain (n = 48) 46.34 (43.39 - 49.30); with neck pain (n = 97) 38.46 (36.20 - 40.72), F_(1,144) = 16.82, p < 0.001, ŋ_p² = 0.11] and left [without neck pain 44.06 (41.19 - 46.94); with neck pain 37.36 (35.13 - 39.58), F_(1,144) = 12.70, p < 0.001, ŋ_p² = 0.08]. A significant difference between participants with and without wrist pain was found for neutral wrist position right [without wrist pain (n = 105) 42.53 (40.37 - 44.70); with wrist pain (n = 40) 37.24 (33.56 - 40.91), F_(1,144) = 6.41, p = 0.01, ŋ_p² = 0.04]. Regression analysis showed significant results especially for steps two (age and weight, NDI) and three (age and weight, NDI, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire) for neutral position right (R² = 0.355, R² = 0.357, respectively). Conclusion: Neck pain has an impact on HGS but should be evaluated in consideration of age and sex.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a linear regression model using the pulp-to-tooth volume ratio (PTVR) ratio of the maxillary canine, assessed through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, to predict chronological age (CA) in Indonesian adults. Materials and Methods: A sample of 99 maxillary canines was collected from patients between 20 and 49.99 years old. These samples were obtained from CBCT scans taken at the Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital in Indonesia between 2018 and 2022. Pulp volume (PV) and tooth volume (TV) were measured using ITK-SNAP, while PTVR was calculated from the PV/TV ratio. Using RStudio, a linear regression was performed to predict CA using PTVR. Additionally, correlation and observer agreement were assessed. Results: The PTVR method demonstrated excellent reproducibility, and a significant correlation was found between the PTVR of the maxillary canine and CA(r= -0.74, P<0.01). The linear regression analysis showed an R² of 0.58, a root mean square error of 5.85, and a mean absolute error of 4.31. Conclusion: Linear regression using the PTVR can be effectively applied to predict CA in Indonesian adults between 20 and 49.99 years of age. As models of this type can be population-specific, recalibration for each population is encouraged. Additionally, future research should explore the use of other teeth, such as molars.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1300-1309
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• 2021

Objective: To assess the feasibility and reproducibility of pancreatic surface lobularity (PSL) quantification derived from abdominal computed tomography (CT) in a population of patients free from pancreatic disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 265 patients free from pancreatic disease who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between 2017 and 2019. A maximum of 11 individual PSL measurements were performed by two abdominal radiologists (head [5 measurements], body, and tail [3 measurements each]) using dedicated software. The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), and sex on PSL was assessed using the Pearson correlation and repeated measurements. Inter-reader agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman (BA) plots. Results: CT images of 15 (6%) patients could not be analyzed. A total of 2750 measurements were performed in the remaining 250 patients (143 male [57%], mean age 45 years [range, 18-91]), and 2237 (81%) values were obtained in the head 951/1250 (76%), body 609/750 (81%), and tail 677/750 (90%). The mean ± standard deviation PSL was 6.53 ± 1.37. The mean PSL was significantly higher in male than in female (6.89 ± 1.30 vs. 6.06 ± 1.31, respectively, p < 0.001). PSL gradually increased with age (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Inter-reader agreement was excellent (ICC 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.72-0.85], with a BA bias of 0.30 and 95% limits of agreement of -1.29 and 1.89). Conclusion: CT-based PSL quantification is feasible with a high success rate and inter-reader agreement in subjects free from pancreatic disease. Significant variations were observed according to sex, age, and BMI. This study provides a reference for future studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.530-541
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• 2002

연구배경 : 삼출성 흉수의 감별진단에 있어 흉수 ADA 활성도의 측정은 매우 유용한 방법으로, 발병기전에 세포성 면역반응이 중요한 역할을 하는 결핵성 흉수에서는 흉수 ADA 활성도가 증가한다. 노인은 노화과정에서 면역기능이 저하되며, 이는 T림프구의 감소 및 기능저하로 인해 나타난다. 따라서 노인들에서는 같은 결핵성 흉수라 하더라도 흉수 ADA 활성도가 젊은 환자들에 비해 낮을 가능성이 있다. 이에 결핵성 및 비결핵성 삼출성 흉수환자들에서 연령의 증가애 따른 흉수 ADA 활성도의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 삼출성 흉수를 진단 및 치료받은 환자 81명을 대상으로 하였으며, 내원 당일 흉수천자를 실시하여 자동화학분석기를 이용하여 흉수 ADA 활성도를 측정하여 흉수 ADA와 연령파의 관련성을 후형적 으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 1. 대상환자는 총 81명이었으며 평균연령은 $52.7{\pm}21.2$세, 평균 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $73.2{\pm}45.6IU/L$이었다. 원인 질환은 결핵성 흉수(00명), 부폐성 흉수(11명), 악성 흉수(6병), 원인미상의 삼출성 흉수(4명)의 순이었다. 2. 이 중 65세 미만 환자(총 50명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $82.8{\pm}48.0$ IU/L이었으며, 65세 이상 환자(총 31명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $57.7{\pm}37.2$ IU/L로 의미 있는 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05), 연령과 흉수 ADA 활성도 사이에 음의 선형관계를 보였다(r= -0.325, p<0.05). 3. 결핵성 흉수환자는 총 60명이었으며 평균 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $91.5{\pm}37.9$ IU/L이었다. 이중 65세 미만 환자(총 37명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $103.5{\pm}36.9$ IU/L이었으며, 65세 이상 환자(총 23명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $72.2{\pm}31.6$ IU/L로 의미 있는 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05), 연령과 흉수 ADA 활성도 사이에 음의 선형관계를 보였다(r=-0.384, p<0.05). 4. 비결핵성 삼출성 흉수환자는 총 21명이었으며 평균 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $20.8{\pm}13.9$ IU/L이었다. 이중 65세 미만 환자(총 13명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $23.7{\pm}15.3$ IU/L이었으며, 65세 이상 환자(총 8명)의 흉수 ADA 활성도는 $16.1{\pm}10.2IU/L$로 의미 있는 차이가 없었으며(p>0.05), 연령과 흉수 ADA 활성도 사이에 특별한 상관관계가 없었다 (r=-0.263, p>0.05). 5. 삼출성 흉수환자 전체와 65세 미만 및 65세 이상 삼출성 흉수환자에서 결핵성 흉수 진단을 위한 흉수 ADA 활성도의 기준값을 각각 38.4 IU/L, 49.1 IU/L, 및 25.9 IU/L로 설정할 수 있었다. 결 론: 연령이 증가함에 따라 삼출성 흉수의 ADA는 감소하였으며, 노인에서는 결핵성 흉수의 진단 기준값이 더 낮았다. 따라서 노인환자에서는 흉수 ADA가 일반적 기준값보다 낮더라도 전형적인 임상증상을 보인다면 결핵성 흉수를 배제할 수 없을 것으로 생각된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 1982

Two hundred one patients of ventricular septal defect, which were operated at Seoul National University Hospital, were analysed on clinical background during the period from January, 1975 to December, 1980. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 201 patients, 118 patients were male [58.7%] and 83 patients were female [41.3%]. Their age ranged from 15 months to 40 years, and the mean age was 8.7 years. 40% of the patients were between 4 and 8 years. 2. The most common symptoms showed frequent U RI and exertional dyspnea. 3. On Kirklin`s anatomical classification, type I constituted 26.9%, type II 58.2%, type III 12.4%, and type IV 1.0%. We showed marked increased incidence of type I VSD as compared to Caucasians* 4. 46 cases were associated with other congenital cardiac diseases. They were PDA [13 cases], AI[11 ], ASD[6], PS[10], MI[4], and Double aortic arch [1]. 5. In 128 patients, who had complete hemodynamic data and were not associated with other congenital cardiac diseases, an attempt was made to correlate the EKG findings with the hemodynamic data, and defect size with the hemodynamic data. The children had variable distribution of PA syst. pr. and Rp/Rs. But most of adults had $R_P$/$R_S$of 0.15 or less. As $P_P$/$P_S$increased, the rate of operative complication increased also. 6. When a normal EKG pattern was present, $Q_P$/$Q_S$and $R_P$/$R_S$and $P_P$/$P_S$were relatively low. When EKG findings were LVH pattern, there was diastolic volume overload to left ventricle. As RVH, there was systolic pressure overload to right ventricle. And as BVH, there was mixed pattern of diastolic volume overload to left ventricle and systolic pressure overload to right ventricle. 7. Among patients in defect was less than 1 $cm^2$ per $M^2$ of BSA, $Q_P$/$Q_S$was less than 2:1, and $R_P$/$R_S$less than 0.25, and PAsyst. pr. less than 50 mmHg, and $P_P$/$P_S$was less than 0.5. But patients with the defect greater than 1 $cm^2$ per $M^2$ of BSA had no correlationship between $Q_P$/$Q_S$, $R_P$/$R_S$, PAsyst. pr. and defect size in each other. Most of patients with the defect greater than 2 $cm^2$/$M^2$ BSA, $R_P$/$R_S$was greater than 0.5. 8. Operative mortality rate was 9.5% [19 cases] among 201 patients. And complication rate including mortality rate was 22.9% [46 cases].

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.644-658
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to find out the status of job satisfaction and intent to leave the job for dental hygienists, and those factors affecting their intent to leave, so as to prevent dental hygienists from leaving their jobs in advance, and to strive for extending the life span of the job, contributing to improve dental care services provided by dental hygienists. Methods : The data were collected from 280 dental hygienists working in dental clinics or hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam area by using a structured and self-administered questionnaire through mail, from February 1 to March 15, 2009, and were analyzed by using SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results : First, It was the most prevalent for the dental hygienists surveyed to be between 100 to 149 thousand won in the level of monthly as 42.3%, and to be the assistance of dental examination and treatment for main duty as 62.5%. Leaving job was experience by 51.6% of the subjects, with work condition as the most common reason for 32.2%. Second, the degree of job satisfaction was 3.4 points overall in the score of 5 point Likert's scale on the average, showing affirmative level above the average, and significantly different according to certain characteristics such as age, education level, total years of work career, years of work career in the current job, monthly salary level, whether to provide monthly paid leave, and the number of patients treated per day. It also was significantly correlated with some structural factors and variables consisting attitude and value, including equity in pay(r=0.612), job perception as dental hygienist(r=0.573), work environment(r=0.552), self growth(r=0.531), affirmative attitude(r=0.421), and so on. Third, the mean score of intent to leave was 2.73 overall and lower than the average, showing significant relationship with some characteristics, such as age, marital status, education level, total years of work career, years of work career in the current job, monthly salary level, whether to provide monthly paid leave, and the number of patients treated per day. Intent to leave also showed the highest correlation with job satisfaction(r=-0.708), followed by equity in pay(r=-0.482), self growth (r=-0.453), job perception as dental hygienist(r=-0.392), work environment(r=-0.362), etc. Forth, job satisfaction was significantly influenced by some factors including equity in pay, followed by job perception as dental hygienist, relationship with fellow colleagues, affirmative attitude and work environment, and so on. Fifth, the intent to leave was significantly affected not only by job satisfaction but also by some structural factors including equity in pay, self growth and job perception as dental hygienist. Conclusions : The above results showed that the equity in pay was the most important factor for the intent to leave the job as well as job satisfaction among dental hygienists, thus suggesting that systematic measures should be provided to improve the job satisfaction to prevent economic loss due to leaving job frequently, and to provide pertinent reward system as a profession to enhance the motivation for accomplishment on job for dental hygienists.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자들의 우울, 인지, 일상생활활동이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 대구광역시에 소재한 K 재활전문병원의 입원 또는 외래 뇌졸중 환자 남 여 노인 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 일반적 특성, 인지, 우울, 일상생활활동, 삶의 질이 포함된 설문지를 통해 조사하였고, 총 57부 중에서 대상자 선정 기준에서 제외된 7부을 제외한 50부를 분석하였다. 결과 : 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 상관관계를 분석 한 결과 우울(r=-.460, p<.01)과 연령(r=-.481, p<.001)에서 부적인 상관관계가 나타났고, 인지(r=.458, p<.01), 일상생활활동(r=.560, p<.001), 교육수준(r=.338, p<.05)에서 정적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 최종적으로 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변인은 우울(${\beta}=-.253$, p<.05), 연령(${\beta}=-.272$, p<.05), 일상생활활동(${\beta}=.279$, p<.05) 순으로 분석되었다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 우울과 일상생활활동 독립수준이 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로 파악되었다.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2018

연구배경: 본 연구는 인간이 평소에 부정적인 정서들을 경험하는 것과 생물학적 노화 사이의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 고안되었다. 방법: 2013년 5월부터 9월까지 충남대학교병원 건강증진센터를 내원한 237명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 피험자들 개개인에게 구조화된 설문지를 주어 응답하도록 하였다. 피험자들이 '평소에 느끼는 우울, 불안, 분노 그리고 분노표현' (이하 '정서경험들')은 특성우울척도([the Korean adaptation of] State-Trait Depression Inventory에서 분리함), 특성불안척도(한국형 상태-특성불안척도[State-Trait Anxiety Inventory]에서 분리함) 그리고 특성분노척도와 분노표현척도([the Korean adaptation of] State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory에서 분리함)로 사정하였다. 피험자들 각각이 '생물학적으로 노화가 진행되는 정도' (이하 '생체노화')는 생체 연령(비만과 주요 장기들의 노화를 반영)과 실제 나이로 이루어진 특수한 공식으로 계산하였다. 독립 t-검정, 일원분산분석, 상관분석을 시행하여 피험자들의 일반적 특성들(정서경험들을 포함)과 생체노화들 간의 연관성들을 평가하였다. 단계적 회귀분석을 사용하여 피험자들의 일반적 특성들과 생체노화들 간의 설명력($R^2$)들을 산출하였다. 결과: 일변량분석에서 오직 특성분노와 교육수준만이 생체노화와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다; 전자의 경우는 r=0.160, P=0.014, 후자는 r=-0.189, P=0.024. 다변량분석에서는 특성 분노와 낮은 교육수준만이 생체노화와 유의한 설명력을 나타냈다; 전자의 경우는 $R^2=0.044$, P=0.020, 후자는 $R^2=0.022$, P=0.038. 결론: 본 연구는 평소에 경험하는 분노(즉 특성분노)와 낮은 교육수준이 인체의 생물학적 노화를 촉진시키는 주목할 만한 요인들임을 시사한다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-95
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• 1988

To examine relations between stellar activity and rotation we estimated parameters of stellar activity such as $R'_{HK}$, $R'_{MgII}$, $R'_{CII}$, $R'_{CIV}$ and $R'_{X-ray}$ from the published data which measure the activity levels of stellar chromospheres, transition regions and coronae. In the present study we considered only the main sequence stars in an attempt to minimize the influence of other stellar parameters such as radius, age and stellar convection on stellar activity since they are also known to affect the magnetic field generation. In the present analysis we selected only those stars that satisfy the following conditions: (1) flux measurements are available together with Ca II fluxes and (2) rotation periods are determined by Ca II observations. We derived relations between the ${\bar{R}}ossby$ number $R_o$ and stellar activity $R'_{HK}$, $R'_{MgII}$, $R'_{CII}$, $R'_{CIV}$ and $R'_{X-ray}$ and assessed the relations by plotting $R'_{HK}$, $R'_{MgII}$ and $R'_{X-ray}$ against rotation period $P_{rot}$ for comparison with observations. From the comparison it is found that as far as the rotation-activity relation is concerned, (1) normalized surface flux $R'_{HK}$ is better than the surface flux $F'_{HK}$, in the sense that $R'_{HK}$ differentiates the color dependence better and (2) $R'_{HK}$ defined by Rutten (1984) describes the observations notably better than $R'_{HK}$ of Noyes et al. (1984).