• KAPE Magazine
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• s.163
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• pp.6-7
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• 2010

국제 곡물의 주요수출국은 미국, 브라질, 아르헨티나, 호주이다. 실제로는 유통 및 국제 곡물 물류시설을 장악하고 있는 다국적 곡물메이저(4대 메이저: 카길(Cargill), 에이디엠(ADM), 루이스드레피스(Louis Dreyfus, LDC), 벙기(Bunge)에 의한 집중도가 증가하고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5B
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• pp.956-965
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose an efficient traffic grooming algorithm to minimize to number of SONET ADMs which is the dominant cost of system in high speed optical ring networks. It is an optimal traffic grooming algorithm to be applied to both unidirectional ring and bi-directional ring under both uniform traffic and nonuniform traffic. The proposed traffic grooming algorithm consists of two subalgorithms : one is the algorithm to construct full connection-rings as many as possible to minimize gaps by cutting the connections and using redirection method, and the other is the algorithm to groom connection-rings into a wavelength to maximize the number of shared nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to conventional algorithm under various network conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.782-792
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• 2016

As the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the main health concerns for the elderly population. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers of infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases in humans but they have not been well studied in domestic animals. Here we describe a computational biology study in which human AD- and PD-associated miRNAs (ADM and PDM) were utilized to predict orthologous miRNAs in the following domestic animal species: dog, cow, pig, horse, and chicken. In this study, a total of 121 and 70 published human ADM and PDM were identified, respectively. Thirty-seven miRNAs were co-regulated in AD and PD. We identified a total of 105 unrepeated human ADM and PDM that had at least one 100% identical animal homolog, among which 81 and 54 showed 100% sequence identity with 241 and 161 domestic animal miRNAs, respectively. Over 20% of the total mature horse miRNAs (92) showed perfect matches to AD/PD-associated miRNAs. Pigs, dogs, and cows have similar numbers of AD/PD-associated miRNAs (63, 62, and 59). Chickens had the least number of perfect matches (34). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that humans and dogs are relatively similar in the functional pathways of the five selected highly conserved miRNAs. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for better understanding the miRNA-AD/PD associations in domestic animals, and provides guidance to generate domestic animal models of AD/PD to replace the current rodent models.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.564-571
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• 2018

Background Chronic wounds occur due to failure of the normal healing process, associated with a lack of deposition of cellular components and a suitable microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is viewed as an ECM substitute, and a paste-type ADM has recently been introduced. We hypothesized that CGPaste, an injectable paste-type ADM, could serve as a scaffold and promote wound healing. Methods We retrospectively studied seven patients in whom CGPaste was applied between 2017 and 2018, who had pressure ulcers, necrotizing fasciitis, diabetic foot ulcers, traumatic defects, and osteomyelitis. The goal of applying CGPaste was to achieve complete wound healing with re-epithelialization or growth of granulation tissue, depending upon the wound bed status. CGPaste was injected based on the wound size along with the application of a dressing. Results Four of the seven patients showed granulation tissue on their wound bed, while the other three patients had a bony wound bed. The mean wound area was $453.57mm^2$ and the depth was 10.71 mm. Wound healing occurred in five of the seven patients (71.43%). The mean duration of complete healing was 2.4 weeks. Two patients showed failure due to paste absorption (29.57%); these patients had wound beds comprising bone with relatively large and deep wounds ($40{\times}30$ and $30{\times}20mm^2$ in area and 15 and 10 mm in depth). Conclusions CGPaste is an effective option for coverage of small and deep chronic wounds for which a flap operation or skin grafting is unfeasible.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 2013

Background To date, various types of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) have been developed for clinical use. AlloDerm is the most familiar type of ADM to most surgeons in breast reconstruction. It is prepared by freeze-drying. CG CryoDerm is the first form of ADM that requires no drying process. Therefore, theoretically, it has a higher degree of preservation of the dermal structures than AlloDerm. We conducted this study to compare the clinical course and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent direct-to-implant breast reconstructions using AlloDerm and those who did using CG CryoDerm. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records in a consecutive series of 50 patients who underwent direct-to-implant breast reconstruction using AlloDerm (n=31) or CryoDerm (n=19). We then compared the clinical course and postoperative outcomes of the two groups based on the overall incidence of complications and the duration of drainage. Results The mean follow-up period was 16 months. There were no significant differences in the overall incidence of complications (seroma, infection, skin flap necrosis, capsular contracture, and implant loss) between the two groups. Nor was there any significant difference in the duration of drainage. Conclusions CG CryoDerm has the merits of short preparation time and easy handling during surgery. Our results indicate that CG CryoDerm might be an alternative allograft material to AlloDerm in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.567-573
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• 2020

Background Polyurethane implants have been used on and off in breast reconstruction since 1991 while prepectoral breast reconstruction has gained popularity in recent times. In this study, we present our outcomes from the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) complete wrap with polyurethane implants in prepectoral breast reconstruction. Methods This is a retrospective review of prospectively maintained database from 41 patients receiving complete ADM wrap with prepectoral polyurethane implants over a 3-year period. Selection criteria were adapted from a previous study (4135 Trust Clinical Audit Database) evaluating prepectoral reconstruction with Braxon matrices. Patient demographics, operative data, surgical complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 52 implant reconstructions were performed in 41 patients with a mean follow-up of 14.3 months (range, 6-36 months). The overall reported complication rates including early (less than 6 weeks) and late complications. Early complications included two patients (4.9%) with wound dehiscence. One of which had an implant loss that was salvageable. Another patient (2%) developed red-breast syndrome and two women (4.9%) developed with seroma treated conservatively. Late complications included one patient (2%) with grade II capsular contraction, 12 patients with grade I-II rippling and two patients (4.9%) with grade III rippling. Conclusions We present our experience of prepectoral polyurethane implant using complete ADM wrap. This is one of the few papers to report on the outcome of the prepectoral use of polyurethane in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. Our early observational series show satisfactory outcome and long-term results are warranted by a large multicenter study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1386-1398
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• 2010

Soybean contains a high concentration of carbohydrates that consist mainly of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides. The NSP can be divided into insoluble NSP (mainly cellulose) and soluble NSP (composed mainly of pectic polymers, which are partially soluble in water). Monogastric animals do not have the enzymes to hydrolyze these carbohydrates, and thus their digestion occurs by means of bacterial fermentation. The fermentation of soybean carbohydrates produces short chain fatty acids that can be used as an energy source by animals. The utilization efficiency of the carbohydrates is related to the chemical structure, the level of inclusion in the diet, species and age of the animal. In poultry, soluble NSP can increase digesta viscosity, reduce the digestibility of nutrients and depress growth performance. In growing pigs, these effects, in particular the effect on gut viscosity, are often not so obvious. However, in weaning piglets, it is reported that soy oligosaccharides and soluble NSP can cause detrimental effects on intestinal health. In monogastrics, consideration must be given to the anti-nutritive effect of the NSP on nutrient digestion and absorption on one hand, as well as the potential benefits or detriments of intestinal fermentation products to the host. This mirrors the needs for i) increasing efficiency of utilization of fibrous materials in monogastrics, and ii) the maintenance and improvement of animal health in antibiotic-free production systems, on the other hand. For example, ethanol/water extraction removes the low molecular weight carbohydrate fractions, such as the oligosaccharides and part of the soluble pectins, leaving behind the insoluble fraction of the NSP, which is devoid of anti-nutritive activities. The resultant product is a high quality soy protein concentrate. This paper presents the composition and chemical structures of carbohydrates present in soybeans and discusses their nutritive and anti-nutritive effects on digestion and absorption of nutrients in pigs and poultry.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.316-320
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• 2015

Background CGCryoDerm was first introduced in 2010 and offers a different matrix preservation processes for freezing without drying preparation. From a theoretical perspective, CGCryoDerm has a more preserved dermal structure and more abundant growth factors for angiogenesis and recellularization. In the current study, the authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate freezing- and freeze-drying-processed acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to determine whether any differences were present in an early complication profile. Methods Patients who underwent ADM-assisted tissue expander placement for two stage breast reconstruction between January of 2013 and March of 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups based on the types of ADM-assisted expander reconstruction (CGDerm vs. CGCryoDerm). Complications were divided into four main categories and recorded as follows: seroma, hematoma, infection, and mastectomy skin flap necrosis. Results In a total of 82 consecutive patients, the CGCryoDerm group had lower rates of seroma when compared to the CGDerm group without statistical significance (3.0% vs. 10.2%, P=0.221), respectively. Other complications were similar in both groups. Reconstructions with CGCryoDerm were found to have a significantly longer period of drainage when compared to reconstructions with CGDerm (11.91 days vs. 10.41 days, P=0.043). Conclusions Preliminary findings indicate no significant differences in early complications between implant/expander-based reconstructions using CGCryoderm and those using CGDerm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.345-345
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• 2008

최근 전자 소자의 고주파화, 소형화에 대한 요구가 증대 되면서 많은 소자들을 하나의 시스템에 3차원적으로 실장시키는 SOP (System-on-Package)가 새로운 대안으로 떠오르고 있으며 SOP를 실현하기 위해서는 집적기판에 대한 저온화 공정 기술이 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 현재 집적기판에 사용되는 재료로서 세라믹이 널리 알려져 있지만 세라믹은 취성이 있으며 $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온화 공정 프로세스를 필요로 하는 근본적인 약점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 상온에서 고속으로 치밀한 성막을 가능케 하는 Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM)를 이용하여 최초로 세라믹-폴리머 복합체 후막을 성공적으로 제작하였다. XRD와 FT-IR 분석 결과 $Al_2O_3$-PMMA, $Al_2O_3$-PI 혼합물을 출발 파우더로 사용하여 제조한 후막이 세라믹-폴리머 복합체임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 SEM 분석결과 $Al_2O_3$-PMMA 복합체와 $Al_2O_3$-PI 복합체의 표면 양상이 매우 다르다는 점을 확인하였으며 $Al_2O_3$-PMMA 복합체의 성막률이 $Al_2O_3$-PI 복합체의 성막률에 비해 매우 낮음을 확인하였다. 이러한 현상들은 폴리머 파우더들의 경도와 탄성 차이 때문인 것으로 사료되어 이를 증명하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 결국 PMMA 막과 PI 막에 대한경도측정결과와 PMMA 파우더와 PI 파우더의 유성 볼밀링 전후에 대한 SEM 이미지를 통해 PMMA 파우더가 PI 파우더에 비해 경도가 낮으며 반면 탄성이 높다는 것을 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 분석을 통하여 ADM을 이용한 세라믹-폴리머 복합체 후막의 제조에 있어 폴리머 파우더의 경도와 탄성이 매우 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 세라믹-폴리머 복합체 후막을 성공적으로 제조하기 위해서 폴리머 파우더의 적절한 선택이 중요함을 알 수 있었으며 ADM을 이용한 세라믹-폴리머 복합체 후막의 제조에 대한 가이드 라인을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.347-347
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 별도의 소결과정 없이 상온에서 치밀한 복합체 후막의 제조가 가능한 Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM)를 이용하여 SOP를 실현시키기 위한 기판 재료로서 알루미나 기반의 알루미나-폴리이미드 복합체를 제조하고 그 특성에 대한 평가를 진행하였다. SEM 관찰결과 기공이 거의 없고 치밀한 구조의 복합체가 상온에서 성공적으로 형성되었음이 확인되었다. XRD 와 FT-IR 분석 결과 알루미나와 폴리이미드 모두가 복합체에 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 XRD 분석결과 출발 원료에 폴리이미드 함량이 증가할수록 ADM으로 제조된 복합체 내부의 알루미나의 결정자 크기가 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 복합체의 알루미나 충진율을 확인하기 위한 간접적인 방법으로 복합체 후막을 연마하여 복합체 내부를 노출시킨 후 폴리이미드의 용매인 Methyl Ethyl Ketone으로 폴리이미드를 식각시켜 남아있는 알루미나 영역을 관찰한 SEM 분석결과 알루미나가 60% 이상 복합체의 대부분을 이루고 있다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었다. 복합체의 미세구조를 확인하기 위하여 TEM 분석결과 기존에 보고된 ADM으로 제조된 알루미나 후막의 결정자 크기인 10~20 nm 보다 큰 100 nm 범위의 결정자 크기를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 유전특성평가 결과 유전율과 tan$\delta$는 1 MHz에서 각각 9.0, 0.0072로서 알루미나만을 원료로 성막시킨 후막의 유전 특성을 크게 떨어뜨리지 않으며 알루미나 후막과 유사한 결과를 보였다. 추후 복합체의 균일성 향상 및 고주파 영역의 유전 특성 향상을 통하여 세라믹의 취성 및 가공성이 개선된 3 차원 적층 기판재료로의 응용이 기대될 것으로 전망된다.