• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of forward osmosis (FO) system for harvesting microalgae cultivated in secondary sewage effluent. Microalgae species used in this study were chlorella sp. ADE4. The drawing agents used for forward osmosis system were seawater and concentrate of sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) system. Chlorella sp. ADE4 cultured in secondary sewage effluent illustrated moderate efficiency in removal of total nitrogen (TN) (68%) and superior performance in total phosphorus (TP) removal (99%). Comparison of seawater and SWRO concentrate as drawing agent were made in FO membrane separation of the microalgae. The result from this study depicts that SWRO concentrate is strong drawing agent in FO membrane system providing an average dewatering rate of $4.8L/(m^2{\cdot}hr)$ compared to seawater with average dewatering of $2.9L/(m^2{\cdot}hr)$. Results obtained from this study indicated that FO system could be viable option for harvesting the microalgae for further biodiesel production. SWRO concentrate as a drawing agent could be very important finding in field of membrane technology for disposal of SWRO concentrate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1991

Streptomyces actuosus DMCJ-49 and Streptomyces minoensis DMCJ-144 produce the .alpha.-amylase inhibitor. Inerspecific protoplast fusion technique was used to increase the productivity of .alpha.-amylase inhibitor. Four auxotrophic mutants were obtained respectively from two strains by N-methyl-N'-nitor-N-nitrosoguanidine(3mg/ml) treatment. The optimum conditions for the protoplast formation of Streptomyces actuosus DMCJ-49 ade was as follows; 1.2% w/v of glycine, 3mg/ml of lysozyme, and 30 min of lysozyme treatment followed by 36 hr. incubation in the protop-last formation medium. In case of DMCJ-144-his those were 1.2%w/v, 3 mg/ml, 30 minutes and 60 hours, respectively. Regeneration was accomplished with hypertonic soft agar medium that contained 0.4M sucrose, 20mM CaCl$_2$, 50 mM MgCl$_2$ and low levels of phosphate. Fusion of protoplasts carrying different auxotrophic markers was achieved by treatment with polyethylene glycol. The optimum concentration of polyethylene glycol 1450 for the production of recombinants was 40%w/v. When the protoplasts was treated with 40% polyethylene glycol for 30 minutes, the frequency of recombinants was 6.5$\times$$10^{-3}$ and the $\alpha$-amylase inhibition activity of $ade^-his^-$ No. 4, which is the fusant with the most improved activity increased from 33 to 125 I.U./ml.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.226-228
• /
• 2006

In this paper we describe a simulation and development framework for designing mobile 3D graphics architectures. We are developing a simple and flexible simulation and verification environment (SVE) that uses gITrace's ability to intercept and redirect an OpenGL/ES streams. In combination wlth gITrace to trace OpenGL/ES commands, the SVE simulates the behavior of mobile 3D graphics pipeline during playback of traces, and then produces the second geometry trace that can be used as a test vector for the Verilog/HDL RT-level model. By comparing the frame-by-frame results, we can conduct architectural verification. To demonstrate the functionality of the SVE, we show the implementation of the verified mobile 3D architecture on a FPGA board. For this, we also present an application development environment (ADE) includes a mobile graphics API and a device driver interface (DDI). The proposed two software environments, the SVE and the ADE could be used fer developing and testing mobile applications, architectural study and speculative hardware designs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 1985

Mutagenesis of protoplast could serve a great potential tool for improvement of strains and genetics in higher fungi. For the isolation of auxotrophic mutants from protoplasts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida, viability levels of ultraviolet lights were determined. Seven auxotrophs were obtained from protoplasts irradiating UV to give $0.83{\sim}15%$ survival. The mutants showed a single requirement for each of Arg, Ribo-l, Ribo-2 or Phen for growth. Some of them showed two or three kinds of requirements, Gly Ser, Ade Hypo or Ala Om Tryp for growth.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 1995

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) spectroscopy was employed to analyze the genotoxic nucleobase adducts of benzo[a]pyrene(BP) formed through one-electron oxidation pathway. SERS spectroscopy provided sufficient resolution to distinguish if BP intermediate was bound to different nucleobases(e. g. adenine or guanine). Furthermore, SERS specroscopy was also able to detect the difference in the binding position of the adduct to the various sites of the nucleobase. The linearity of the calibration curve for N7Ade-BP ranged from 20 picogram to 800 nanogram per microliter and the detection limit under the current conditions was determined 20 picogram per microliter in a solution volume of 20 microliter.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vitamin or mineral supplements on the conception rates of dairy heifers when replacing the last injection of GnRH with hCG in ovsynch protocol (experiment 1) and also to investigate whether the estrus synchronization treatment in the heifer stage affects the conception rates after $1^{st}$ parturition (experiment 2). In experiment 1, 50 heifers were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 20 heifers each in groups 1 and 2, and 10 in group 3. All three groups were treated with an intramuscular injection of GnRH on day 0 (day 0 = the day of program start), $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ on day 7 and hCG on day 9, and were inseminated on day 10, 12~16h after hCG injection. In group 1 (vitamin group), the heifers were treated with an intramuscular injection of 5 ml of vitamin-ADE $500^{(R)}$, and group 2 (mineral group) was treated twice with an intramuscular injection of 30 ml of mineral supplement-LAPTOVET$^{(R)}$ on a one-week interval beginning on the day of hormone treatment (day 0 and day 7 respectively). Group 3 (control) was treated only with hormones. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography through a rectal probe. First service conception rates (FSCR) and average services per conception (ASPC) were recorded for all subjects. Of the total 50 heifers, 6 (2 in group 1, 3 in group 2, and 1 in group 3) heifers were eliminated due to accidents during experiment 1. FSCRs were 58.8% (10/17), 66.7% (12/18) and 44.4% (4/9) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. ASPCs were $1.53{\pm}0.72$, $1.27{\pm}0.59$ and $1.63{\pm}0.74$ in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although there were no significant difference between the groups, relatively good results (higher FSCR and lower ASPC) were obtained in both group 1 and 2. In experiment 2, 11 primiparous cows from group 2 of experiment 1 in heifer stage which had been treated both with the hormones for estrus synchronizing and mineral supplements (ES group), and 12 primiparous cows treated only with minerals (non-ES group) were compared to examine the effects of estrus synchronization program on conception rates after $1^{st}$ parturition. Following the examination, postpartum ASPCs were $1.55{\pm}0.82$ and $2.17{\pm}1.47$ in ES group and non-ES group, respectively. The postpartum average days open (ADO) were $116{\pm}56$ and $197{\pm}93$ in ES group and non-ES group, respectively. Although there were no significant difference between the two groups, desirable results (lower ASPC and shorter ADO) were found in ES group after $1^{st}$ parturiton. In conclusion, experiment 1 indicates that vitamin or mineral supplement with ovsynch protocol may have some positive effect on FSCR and ASPC of dairy heifers, and in experiment 2, ES program in heifer stage had a positive effect on ASPC and ADO following $1^{st}$ parturition.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.93-93
• /
• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.873-884
• /
• 1999

On the basis of the semi-linear material of John invoking the theory of homogenization for heterogeneous media and the theory of invariants for isotropic scalar functions an energy function is built for a transversely-isotropic medium in finite elastic deformation. The ponyting Effect for material in simple shear is reviewed for this case of transversal isotropy. It is shown that this effect is apprehended by the constructed energy function.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.919-934
• /
• 2001

The concepts of material frame-indifference and material symmetry group with respect to isotropic scalar functions, as represented by energy functions, are discussed. An energy function for a structured heterogeneous (transversal isotropic) medium in large elastic deformations, which is known to satisfy the Ponyting’s effect [1], is highlighted. It is shown that the constitutive relation due to this energt function is material frame-indifferent.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.12 no.1_2
• /
• pp.183-198
• /
• 2003

We highlight the alternative presentation of the Cauchy-Riemann conditions for the analyticity of a complex variable function and consider plane equilibrium problem for an elastic transversely isotropic layer, in finite deformation. We state the fundamental problems and consider traction boundary value problem, as an example of fundamental problem-one. A simple solution of“Lame's problem”for an infinite layer is obtained. The profile of the deformed contour is given; and this depends on the order of the term used in the power series specification for the complex potential and on the material constants of the medium.