• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2013

Aerosol deposition(AD) coating that enable fabricate films at low temperature have begun to be widely researched for the integration of ceramics as well to realize high-speed deposition rates. For application of ceramic thick film by AD to display and electronic ceramic industry, fabrication of dense structure with a no cracking is required. In this study, to fabricate dense ceramic thick film, the effect of crystal phase of starting powder was investigated. For this study, amorphous and crystalline $SiO_2$ powders were used as starting powders. Two types of $SiO_2$ powders were deposited on glass substrate by AD. In the case of amorphous $SiO_2$ powder, the deposited films had extremely incompact and opaque layer, irrespective of particle size. In contrast to amorphous powder, in the case of crystalline powder, porous structure layer and dense microstructure with no cracking layer were fabricated depending on the particle size. The optimized starting powder size for dense coating layer was $1{\sim}2{\mu}m$. The transmittance of film reached a maximum of 76% at 800 nm.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2022

Neuroinflammation is known to be associated with brain injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the inhibition of microglial activation, a key player in inflammatory response, is considerd as important target for AD. In this study, the ethanol extract of aerial parts of Forsythia velutina Nakai, a Korean native species, significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Thus, the active principles in F. velutina aerial parts were isolated based on activity-guided isolation method. As a result, six compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated based on NMR data and the comparison with the relevant references as arctigenin (1), matairesinol (2), rengyolone (3), ursolic acid (4), secoisolariciresinol (5), and arctiin (6). Among them, four compounds including arctigenin (1), matairesinol (2), secoisolariciresinol (5), and arctiin (6) significantly inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, matairesinol (2) and secoisolariciresinol (5) reduced 60% of NO production compared to LPS-treated group. This inhibitory effects of matairesinol (2) and secoisolariciresinol (5) were accompanied with the reduced expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. These results suggest that the extract of F. velutina and its active compounds could be beneficial for neuroinflammatory diseases including AD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.17
• /
• pp.7297-7301
• /
• 2014

Objective: To explore the radiosensitization effect of overexpression of silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) on A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods: Adenovirus vector Ad-SIRT6 causing overexpression of SIRT6 was established. Western blotting and MTT assay were adopted to detect the level of SIRT6 protein and the inhibitory rate of A549 cell proliferation after different concentrations of adenovirus transduction (0, 25, 100, 200, and 400 pfu/cell) for 24 h. Control group, Ad-null group and Ad-SIRT6 group were designed in this experiment and virus concentration of the latter two groups was 200 pfu/cell. Colony formation assays were employed to test survival fraction (SF) of the 3 groups after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 X-ray irradiation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the status of cell cycle of 3 groups after 48 h of 4Gy X-ray irradiation and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of apoptosis-related genes of 3 groups after 48 h of 4GyX-ray irradiation. Results: In the range of 25~400 pfu/cell, the inhibitory rate of A549 cell proliferation increased as adenovirus concentration raised. The inhibitory rates under the concentrations of 0, 25, 100, 200, and 400 pfu/cell were 0%, $4.23{\pm}0.34%$, $12.7{\pm}2.57%$, $22.6{\pm}3.38%$, $32.2{\pm}3.22%$, $38.7{\pm}4.09%$ and $47.8{\pm}5.58%$ and there were significantly differences among groups (P<0.05). SF in Ad-SIRT6 group was lower than Ad-null and control groups after 4~10Gy X-ray irradiation (P<0.05) and the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) was 1.35 when compared with control group. Moreover, after 48 h of 4Gy X-ray irradiation, there appeared a significant increase in G1-phase cell proportion, upregulated expression of the level of apoptosis-promoting genes (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3), but a obvious decline in S-phase and G2-phase cell proportion and a significant decrease of the level of apoptosis-inhibiting gene (Bal-2) in the Ad-SIRT6 group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The over-expression of adenovirus-mediated SIRT6, which has radiosensitization effect on A549 cells of NSCLC, can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and cause G0/G1 phase retardation as well as induce apoptosis of cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.340-342
• /
• 2005

최근 기지국(Base Station)의 도움 없이 이동 단말기(Mobile Device) 간의 다중 무선 홉을 사용하여 송수신자 간의 데이터 전송을 가능하게 하는 Ad-hoc 통신망에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. Ad-hoc 통신망을 구성하는 이동 단말은 이동성을 고려하여 한정된 배터리로 동작을 하게 된다. Ad-hoc 통신망에서 이동 단말은 종단(End Host)으로만 동작하는 것이 아닌 중계 노드(Intermediate Node)로도 동작을 하기 때문에 통신상에 경로를 제공하는 중요한 역할도 한다. 하지만, 현재 인터넷 상에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 전송 규약인 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)는 수동적인(Reactive)혼잡 제어(Congestion Control)방식으로 망의 혼잡으로 인한 패킷 손실 발생 이전까지 전송 윈도우의 크기를 증가 때문에 반복적인 혼잡과 그로 인한 패킷 손실로 인해 불필요한 재전송을 반복하게 된다. 이와 같이 기존 TCP는 무선 통신망에서 동작하는 이동 단말의 한정된 배터리 전원을 고려하지 않고 동작하기 때문에 이동 단말의 에너지를 불필요하게 낭비하는 문제를 가지게 된다. 본 논문은 Ad-hoc 망에서 이동 단말의 에너지 효율을 개선하기 위해 불필요한 재전송 방지 및 망 상태에 따라 전송률을 적절하게 조절하는 TCP의 새로운 혼잡 제어 기법을 제시하였다. 또한 ns-2 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 통해 이동 단말의 에너지 효율이 제안된 혼잡 제어 기법에 의해 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2011

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that is associated with Th2 cell-mediated allergy. The process that leads to infiltration of inflammatory cells into an AD lesion is remarkably dependent on various chemokines, especially TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17) and MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine/CCL22). Serum levels of these chemokines are over-expressed in AD patients. Citrus unshiu, which is known as Satsuma mandarin, has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, and anti-microviral activity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EtOH extract of premature C. unshiu on AD. We did this using a DNCB-induced AD mouse model. We also tried to confirm an inhibitory effect for premature C. unshiu on the expression of inflammatory chemokines in IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. We found that extract of premature C. unshiu reduced DNCB-induced symptoms such as hyperkeratosis, increased skin thickness, and infiltrated mast cells, in our AD-like animal model. The extract decreased levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 in ConA-stimulated splenocytes isolated from DNCB-treated mice. Also, extract of premature C. unshiu inhibited mRNA expression and protein production of TARC and MDC through the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation. These results suggest that C. unshiu has anti-atopic activity by regulating inflammatory chemokines such as TARC and MDC.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.10-18
• /
• 1977

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglyceride have been determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, the animals received diets providing total fat as 15% or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5% or 11% of calories. The food intake of the MF rats was 75% of that consumed by the AD rats but MF rat utilized their food more efficiently, as evidenced by weight gain per 100 Kcal consumed. Meal feeding, as contrasted to ad libitum feeding, resulted in greater activities of both LPL and HSL. This suggested a higher turnover of fat in the adipose tissue of MF rats. In AD rats, body fat was significantly correlated with LPL and the ratio of LPL/HSL. Meal feeding significantly increased the ratio of LPL/HSL, indicating a greater capacity for energy storage and fat deposition in the MF rat. However, at the limited caloric intake, MF rats failed to realize this potential; there was no significant difference in percentage of body fat at the two feeding frequencies. Body fat deposition was greater in rats fed the 30% fat diet, as compared with the 15% diet, regardless of the rate of food ingestion. This was coupled with a higher ratio of LPL/HSL. The significant correlation of serum triglycerides with body fat and with the ratio of LPL/HSL in AD rats suggests that LPL activity and fat deposition may be controlled by the concentration of circulating triglycerides. Both serum triglycerides and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. The percentage of body fat was also lower in animals whose intake of PUFA was high.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2011

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic eczema and mechanical injury to the skin, caused by scratching. Korean red ginseng (RG) has diverse biological activities, but the molecular effects of RG on allergic diseases, like AD, are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether RG inhibits 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD in a mouse model. DNCB was applied topically on the dorsal surface of Balb/c mice to induce AD-like skin lesions. We observed the scratching behavior and examined the serum IgE level and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in splenocytes compared with dexamethasone. We also evaluated the DNCB-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-${\kappa}B$, and Ikaros activities after RG treatment using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and ELISA. Our data showed that the topical application of RG significantly improved the AD-like skin lesions and scratching behavior. RG decreased not only the mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10, but also the secretion of IL-4 protein and serum IgE in mice. Additionally, RG treatment decreased the DNCB-induced MAPKs activity and subsequent Ikaros translocation irrespective of NF-${\kappa}B$. We suggest that RG may be useful as a therapeutic nutrition for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2019

Background: Uncooperative behavior of children due to dental anxiety may interfere with the effective delivery of dental care and compromise the quality of treatment provided. Injection of local anesthesia is one of the most anxiety-inducing stimuli in pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a child-friendly device, having a combined effect of vibration and distraction, with the conventional method of injection on pain, anxiety, and behavior of pediatric patients aged 6-11 years. Methods: This randomized, crossover, split-mouth study included 30 children requiring a bilateral inferior alveolar nerve block. The children were equally divided into two groups: group 1, aged 6-8 and group 2, aged 9-11 years. All children were injected with anesthesia using the conventional and device method in two separate sessions. They were assessed for anxiety by measuring the pulse rate before and during the administration of local anesthesia. Behavior was assessed using Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale, and the child's experience while receiving anesthesia was assessed using the Wong Bakers Pain Rating Scale. Results: Results showed that the children who received local anesthesia using the device method had a lower mean pulse rate, FLACC scores, and pain rating scores than those who received local anesthesia using the conventional method. Conclusion: The device method was more effective than the conventional method in managing pain, anxiety, and behavior of patients aged 6-11 years. The device is a cost effective, simple, and child-friendly product for administrating local anesthesia in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.827-837
• /
• 2019

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.397-397
• /
• 2022

오늘날 급격한 인구증가 및 도시화로 인해 음식물류 폐기물 발생량이 크게 증가하였으며, 음식물류 폐기물에서 발생되는 음폐수의 적절한 처리방안에 대한 관심이 증가하였다. 혐기성 소화(Anaerobic digestion; AD)는 음폐수의 바람직한 처리방법으로 알려졌지만, 긴 처리기간 및 공정 불안정 등의 문제로 개선이 필요하며, 그 중 기존 AD에 보조 반응조를 추가한 보조 미생물전기화학적 혐기성소화(Auxiliary bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion; ABEAD)가 적절한 개선방안으로 제시되었다. 하지만 아직 20 L 이상 용량에서의 연구는 이뤄지지 않았으며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 100 L의 용량에서 ABEAD의 성능향상을 평가하고 규모증가에 따른 성능변화를 비교하였다. 반응조는 AD와 ABEAD로 구성되었다. 유효용량 100 L, 유기물부하율 4 kg/m³/d, HRT 20 days 및 중온소화(35℃) 조건으로 운전하였으며, AD는 기계적 교반, ABEAD는 기계적 교반 및 펌프를 통한 bulk 용액 순환이 이뤄졌다. ABEAD의 전극재질은 SUS304를 사용하였고, 0.4V의 전압을 공급하였다. 성능비교는 pH, 휘발성지방산(Volatile fatty acids; VFAs), 유기물제거율 및 메탄 생성량을 비교해 수행하였다. 실험결과 AD는 pH 및 VFAs가 각각 평균 7.37 및 3,880 mg/L, ABEAD는 각각 평균 7.5 및 2,870 mg/L로 VFAs의 빠른 처리를 통해 공정안전성 향상되었고, 유기물제거율 및 메탄생성량의 경우 AD는 각각 평균 65.8 % 및 85.1 L/d, ABEAD는 각각 평균 76.1 % 및 108.1 L/d로 유기물의 빠른 처리 및 메탄전환이 이루어져 비교적 큰 규모에서도 ABEAD의 성능향상이 나타남을 확인하였다. 또한 이전 소규모 연구들과 비교를 통해 규모에 따른 성능향상폭을 비교했을 때에도 큰 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 판단되며, 따라서 ABEAD는 BEAD 기술의 상용화 및 적용에 적합한 것으로 사료된다.