• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

This study analyzes how breach fee under long-term contract and/or cap regulation on the breach fee can affect the impacts of "Mobile Device Distribution Improvement Act" on handset bundle price, average revenue per unit (ARPU), and social welfare. We conduct comparative analysis with an economic model of duopoly competition in price when users are under long-term contract and the breach fee can be regulated. The results show that the Act lowers the equilibrium prices, lower than incumbent price without the Act. Price of non-dominant Mobile Network Operator (MNO) can be lower than poaching price without the Act if significant portion of switching cost is breach fee or the market is significantly asymmetric. Under the significant circumstances, the Act can raise ARPU even though it improves social welfare. By contrast, the Act increases consumer surplus without affecting social welfare if breach fee is the only source of user's switching cost and is capped by the regulation, and more symmetric market and the stronger cap leads to higher consumer surplus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.41
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• pp.87-93
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to improve the industrial safety education and training act based on comparing industrial safety and health act with facility safety act, construction safety regulation. The new industrial safety and health act is proposed by deleting inefficient education and training regulation which is double checked act by different organization of the government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.336-345
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• 2020

Vessel Traf ic Services (VTS) is a system for ship safety and accident prevention. The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and the Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) established regulations related to VTS from an early stage. On December 3, 2019, South Korea enacted a special act called the "Act on Vessel Traffic Services (VTS Act)," which will take ef ect on June 4, 2020. In this paper, the background of this act's enactment is examined and its provisions are critically reviewed. In particular, the study intensively examines the reasons the immunity provisions for the VTS operator were removed and the current direction of improvements to the VTS Act is presented in terms of its feasibility. Most countries that do not have an Act related to VTS and its operator, refer to that of Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the structures and definition of the VTS Act, as well as the immunity provisions for the VTS operator. The latter were removed during the National Assembly's legislation process, but were included in the initial bill, and should be reflected in subsequent revisions of the VTS Act.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.116-132
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to find out how laws related to the nursing profession can be improved by analyzing the rules and regulations concerning nursing. Furthermore, to help settle legal matters in the process of doing nursing work. The data used for the study are the Health and Medical Act, the Maternal and Child Health Act, the School Health Act, the Special Act for Health and Medical Service in Rural Areas, the Industrial Health & Safety Act and the Notice on Nursing Professional Courses analyzed by age and content. The results of the study are as follows : First, basic nursing practice includes 'nursing care for recuperation and assistance in medical treatment and in special areas including the pre-vention of disease, maintenance of health, control of environment, and other therapeutic activities. It is suggested that the phrase 'assistance in medical treatment' should be eliminated as it limits the basic nursing practice to the assistance of the medical treatment. Second, Article 56 of the Health & Medical Act prescribes a special nurse but it does not prescribe a specific job. Accordingly, the new provison concerning the specific jobs of a special nurse should be added or a job guide should be inseated. Third, it is prescribed that those who have completed the training course after obtaining a license are qualified to be a midwife, a special nurse and a nurse practitioner working in special areas. However, school nurses, occupational health nurses and maternal and health workers are required to obtain a nurse license, but not to take an additional training course. Nurses working in special areas should be legally recognized as nurse specialists. The regulations to control various qualification standards consistently should be established. Fourth, the qualifications and types of nurses by area prescribed by Article 54 of the Health and Medical Act are not consistent with those of special nurses as recognized by affiliated organizations of the Korean Nurse Association and some hospitals. Accordingly, the qualifications and types of special nurses should be adjusted in consideration of special nurses. Fifth, as Article 16, Paragraph 2 of the Health and Medical Act does not prescribe the type and scope of first - aid treatment that nurses can provide, the first-aid treatment of nurses might be considered as an unlicensed practice. The specific regulations regarding these matters should be established. Sixth, the contents of the nursing record, which are prescribed by Article 21 of the Health and Medical Act as a duty, include 1) matters concerning body temperature, pulse, breath and blood pressure 2) matters concerning drug prescription 3) matters concerning input and output 4) matters concerning the treatment and nursing care (Article 17 of the Enforcement Regulations, Health and Medical Act). However, these matters are limited to basic nursing care and assistance in medical treatment. The new recording methods on nursing process are suggested to be adopted legally. Seventh, the prescription right entrusted to nurses which are prescribed by the School Health Act, the Special Act on Health and Medical Service for Rural Areas, and the Industrial Health and Safety Act are not consistent with the rights of nurses as prescribed by the Health and Medical Act. New regulations prescribing the partial right for medical treatment entrusted to nurses in consideration of the restraint of time and place in emergency situations should be established.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.560-564
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• 2000

Background; Aprotinin, which is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, has an antiinflammatory and thrombogenic effect. However, it has an antithrombogenic effect during the cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was performed to evaluated the effects of aprotinin on the activated clotting time(ACT) and the total amount of the heparin used during the cardiopulmonary bypass. Marterial and Method; From December 1998 to November 1999, 82 consecutive patients electively underwent open heart surgery at Gachon medical school. The patients were older than 18 years. Eighty two patients were classified into a control group(group C, n=36) and a aprotinin-treated group(group A, n=46). Body weight, height, body surface area(BSA), pump time(PT), aortic cross clamping time(ACCT), and body temperature(BT) were determined. Total amount of heparin and protamine during the CPB were also measured. ACT was determined before heparin administration, at 20, 40 and 60 minutes after heparin administration, and after protamine administration. Result; No significant differences were noted in either group in body weight, height, BSA, BT, and the total amoun of heparin and protamine. Group A demonstrated a significant(p <0.05) increase in age, PT, ACCT, and ACT at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after heparin administration. Conclusion; In summary, the use of aprotinin prime resulted in an increase in ACT. The total amount of heparin in aproinin-treated patient was similar to that of the control group in spite of having the prolonged pump time. Therefore aprotinin may reduce the requirement of heparin.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the "Physical Therapist and Occupational Therapist Act" of Japan and the "Medical Technician's. Etc. Act" of Korea in order to establish the grounds for improvement of effective law-making. Methods: We obtained the "Medical Technician's. Etc. Act" from the Korean Ministry of Government Legislation and the "Physical Therapist and Occupational Therapist Act" from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. It was translated from an association by related Japanese and experts. Results: The laws consisted of acts, enforcement ordinances, and enforcement regulations in both Korea and Japan. In the Korean case, eight occupations were defined in one law including six types of medical technicians, as well as medical recorders and opticians. The "Physical Therapist and Occupational Therapist Act" in Japan is composed of 6 chapters and 22 articles, while the Korean Act consists of 33 articles without chapters. Among them, 11 articles covered the establishment and management of dental laboratories and eyeglass shops, and only 22 articles were related to physical therapists and occupational therapists. Conclusion: Independent laws should be established for each type of medical technician. They must be comparable to Japanese laws on physical therapists and occupational therapists as well as clinical pathologists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, radiologic technologists, medical recorders, and opticians.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2012

Enacted for enhancing the competitiveness of the Korean capital market and financial industry, Capital Market Consolidation Act (CMCA) was intended to induce considerable changes such as adopting the concept of financial investment products, regulating financial investment functionally, extending financial investors' business areas and intensifying protection for investors. Employing DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), this study measures and compares the efficiencies of domestic financial companies between the before and after the enactment of the Consolidation Act. We categorize the financial companies into 4 groups (banks, life insurance companies, property and casualty insurance companies and securities companies) depending on their business types, and evaluate how much and in which direction the Consolidation Act affects the efficiency of each group respectively. The study shows that there is no significant difference between the average efficiency of banks and that of property and casualty insurance companies due to the trade-off between opportunities and threats of the Act. To the contrary, it shows that the respective average efficiencies of life insurance companies and securities companies moved in the opposite directions to a considerable extent. Through empirical tests, we demonstrate the effect of the Act on the efficiency of Korean financial companies, and suggest the countermeasures for each financial group against the Act.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.9-40
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• 1995

Since Korean Seamen Act(herein after called "the Act") has been legislated in 1962, an amendment of the Act has duly performed several times in order to meet an essential guideline of appropriate international convention and practical requirement of domestic labour movement. As the Act in many area, is based on the application of international convention and regulations, it has been considered essential to call attention to such international rules, to emphasize their importance, and to indicate how and to what extent they may be incorporated in national law, in accordance with national constitutional rules and requirements. Of newly amended act in 1991, it could, however, not fully reflect an adequate and modern labour standard as a guideline of the convention. Therefore, a principal objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive reference work to assist amending up-to-data seamen act against the Act. The guidelines, however, do not attempt to suggest or formulate a legislative programme, but rather provide an ordered and specific content corresponding to international convention adopted by ILO. Consequentially, these guidelines aim to direct the reader and legislator toward the sources and contents of what has come to constitute an international code of maritime labour standards. The guidelines described herein may also serve as a specific arrangement to the various kinds of legal aspects to be regulated through reasonable future amendment under amicable agreement between interesting parties.g parties.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1576-1580
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• 2007

Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae, ACT) is an remarkable herbal plant that has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we have established a vascular aging model in rats by orally administrating excessive vitamin $D_2$ (500,000 IU/kg/day) for 4 days followed by feeding high cholesterol diet for 16 weeks and then rats were randomly divided into control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, HCD+ACT (30 mg/kg) and HCD+ACT (60 mg/kg) group. ACT (30, 60) significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) content compared with HCD, but no significant differences in the serum lipids. Secondly, we measured the serum levels of Oxidized Low-dencity Lipoprotein (OxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in order to further investigate the anti-vascular aging mechanism of ACT. The results, ACT (30, 60) treatments decreased OxLDL, MDA　content　and increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity compared with HCD treatments. The results suggested that ACT inhibited OxLDL production rather than serum lipids lowering and that ACT could be used as potential anti-atherosclerotic agent in aged cells.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the Act is to comprehensively consider the legislative notice of the Enforcement Decree of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act for each important issue in terms of system, content, and execution. Methods: We examine the legislative notice of the Enforcement Decree of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act in-depth from the perspective of the effectiveness of disaster prevention, consistency of the legal system, and harmony with legal principles. Results: The proposed Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Punishment of Serious Accidents hardly resolves the uncertainties of the law, and there are many aspects that are unclear in the enforcement ordinance itself and that do not comply with constitutional principles. As a result, it is judged that it is difficult to for it to serve as an accident prevention standard due to its low predictability and that it will be difficult to achieve effectiveness in accident prevention. Conclusions: Ultimately, the law itself should be extensively reorganized in order to ensure universal and sufficient effectiveness, including the abolition of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act. In the short term, even the Enforcement Decree of the Act should be reorganized and supplemented in accordance with the law and safety principles.