• 제목/요약/키워드: ACS

검색결과 420건 처리시간 0.029초

Effects of Light on the Expression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase and Oxidase Genes in Mung Bean Hypocotyls

  • Song, Ju-Dong;Lee, Dong-Hee;Rhew, Tae-Hyong;Lee, Choon-Hwan
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.189-193
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    • 2003
  • The effects of light on the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during development of mung bean seedlings were investigated by monitoring the differential expression of seven 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and two ACC oxidase genes. Among them, only the expression of VR-ACS1, VR-ACS6, VR-ACS7, VR-ACO1 and VR-AC02 was observable in etiolated mung bean hypocotyls. When the seedlings were de-etiolated for 1 d under a light/dark cycle of 16 h/8 h, the expression of VR-ACS6, VR-ACS7 and VR-ACO2 was controlled negatively by light. The expression of VR-ACS1 showed a tendency to increase until 6 h after a dark-to-light transition and then decreased at 12 h. On the other hand, the expression of VR-ACO1 was mostly constitutive up to 12 h after the dark-to-light transition. The opening of hypocotyl hooks during de-etiolation in the light was stimulated by the inhibition of the action of endogenous ethylene in the presence of 1-MCP. These results suggest that the negative regulation of light on the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes eventually results in the inhibition of ethylene production with an acceleration of the opening of apical hooks.

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Return to Work after an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Patients' Perspective

  • Slebus, Frans G.;Jorstad, Harald T.;Peters, Ron J.G.;Kuijer, P. Paul F.M.;Willems, J. (Han) H.B.M.;Sluiter, Judith K.;Frings-Dresen, Monique H.W.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: To describe the time perspective of return to work and the factors that facilitate and hinder return to work in a group of survivors of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Retrospective semi-structured telephone survey 2 to 3 years after hospitalization with 84 employed Dutch ACS-patients from one academic medical hospital. Results: Fifty-eight percent of patients returned to work within 3 months, whereas at least 88% returned to work once within 2 years. Two years after hospitalization, 12% of ACS patients had not returned to work at all, and 24% were working, but not at pre-ACS levels. For all ACS-patients, the most mentioned categories of facilitating factors to return to work were having no complaints and not having signs or symptoms of heart disease. Physical incapacity, co-morbidity, and mental incapacity were the top 3 categories of hindering factors against returning to work. Conclusion: Within 2 years, 36% of the patients had not returned to work at their pre-ACS levels. Disease factors, functional capacity, environmental factors, and personal factors were listed as affecting subjects' work ability level.

개미군락시스템에서 수정된 지역 갱신 규칙을 이용한 최적해 탐색 기법 (Optimal solution search method by using modified local updating rule in Ant Colony System)

  • 홍석미;정태충
    • 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2004
  • 개미군락시스템 (Ant Colony System, ACS)은 조합 최적화 문제를 해결하기 위한 기법으로 생물학적 기반의 메타휴리스틱 접근법이다. 지나간 경로에 대하여 페로몬을 분비하고 통신 매개물로 사용하는 실제 개미들의 추적 행위를 기반으로 한다. 최적 경로를 찾기 위해서는 보다 다양한 에지들에 대한 탐색이 필요하다. 기존 개미군락시스템의 지역 갱신 규칙에서는 지나간 에지에 대하여 고정된 페로몬 갱신 값을 부여하고 있다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 방문한 도시간의 거리와 해당 에지의 방문 횟수를 이용하여 페로몬을 부여한다. 보다 많은 정보를 탐색에 활용함으로써 기존의 방법에 비해 지역 최적화에 빠지지 않고 더 나은 해를 찾을 수 있었다.

Antenatal Corticosteroids and Clinical Outcomes of Preterm Singleton Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

  • Kim, Yoo Jinie;Choi, Sung Hwan;Oh, Sohee;Sohn, Jin A;Jung, Young Hwa;Shin, Seung Han;Choi, Chang Won;Kim, Ee-Kyung;Kim, Han-Suk;Kim, Beyong Il;Lee, Jin A
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.161-169
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: We assessed the influence of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) on the inhospital outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with singletons born at $23^{+0}$ to $33^{+6}weeks$ of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2014. We compared clinical outcomes between infants who received ACS 2 to 7 days before birth (complete ACS), at <2 or >7 days (incomplete ACS), and those who did not receive ACS in IUGR and AGA infants. Multivariate logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood was performed. Results: 304 neonates with 91 IUGR neonates were eligible. Among AGA neonates, mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.78), hypotension within 7 postnatal days (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.64), and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77) were lower in complete ACS group after adjusting for pregnancy induced hypertension and uncontrolled preterm labor. Mortality (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.78), hypotension (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.70), and severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.92) were also lower in the incomplete ACS group. Among IUGR infants, after adjusting for birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score, inhaled nitric oxide use within 14 postnatal days was lower in both complete ACS (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.67) and incomplete ACS (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37) groups. Conclusion: ACS was not effective in reducing morbidities in IUGR preterm infants.

활성탄소의 불소화가 크롬이온 흡착에 미치는 영향 (Effects of the Fluorination of Activated Carbons on the Chromium Ion Adsorption)

  • 김민지;정민정;최석순;이영석
    • 공업화학
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 페놀계 활성탄소를 다양한 불소 분압(0.01~0.03 MPa)으로 불소화를 실시하였으며, 불소화된 활성탄소의 6가 크롬 흡착 특성을 조사하였다. BET와 XPS 결과로부터, 불소화 처리된 활성탄소는 비표면적 및 총 기공부피가 각각 24.7, 58.8% 증가되었으며, 활성탄소 표면에 불소 관능기가 도입됨을 알 수 있었다. 불소 분압이 0.02 MPa일 때, 크롬이온 흡착에 최적화된 표면처리 조건임을 확인하였다. 또한, 초기농도 300 mg/L에서 98%의 제거효율을 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 미처리 활성탄소와 비교하여 약 3배 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 불소화된 활성탄소의 크롬이온 흡착은 미처리 활성탄소와 대조적으로 30 min 이내에 완료되었으며, 이러한 현상은 페놀계 활성탄소의 표면에서 크롬 이온과의 친화성 증가에 의한 것으로 판단되었다.

ACS알고리즘을 이용한 안정된 결혼 문제 해결에 관한 연구 (Solution of SMP Problem by Adapting ACS Algorithm)

  • 김현;정태충
    • 전자공학회논문지CI
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    • 제47권6호
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 개미의 습성을 연구하여 만들어진 ACS 알고리즘(Ant colony System)을 안정된 결혼문제(SMP: Stable Marriage Problem) 에 적용한 새로운 해결방법을 제시 한다. Gale-Shapley 알고리즘은 안정된 결혼문제(SMP)의 뿌리가 되는 알고리즘으로 오래전부터 실세계에서 연구 및 활용되었다. 본 논문에서 실험의 주제는 같은 수의 남성과 여성을 어떻게 짝을 지어주어야 그들의 선호도를 최대한 반영하여 전체적으로 만족도가 최대가 될 수 있는지를 찾는 것이다. Gale-Shapley 알고리즘은 양성이 아닌 한쪽 성을 중심으로 만족도를 최대화하는 매칭(Matching)을 ��아낼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 ACS를 적용하여 SMP의 해결을 위한 새로운 해법을 찾아보고자 한다. 이 방법은 남성최적 및 여성최적 뿐만 아니라 양성 최적 및 성균형 최적 매칭을 찾아내는 방법이다. 실험 결과 제안된 방법이 다른 최신의 방법과 비슷한 좋은 결과를 냄을 알 수 있었다.

Valorization of swine manure into low cost activated carbons capable of Cr(VI) removal

  • Gonsalvesh, Lenia;Gryglewicz, Grazyna;Carleer, Robert;Yperman, Jan
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.95-111
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    • 2017
  • The valorization of swine manure samples, i.e., de-watered cake (SMc) and solid digestate (SMd), in products with beneficial value, i.e., low cost activated carbons (ACs), is studied. For this purpose slow pyrolysis and steam activation at three different duration times are applied. Additionally, the obtained ACs are characterized and tested towards removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. It is revealed that BET surface area varies in the range of $236-267m^2/g$ for ACs prepared from SMc sample and in the range of $411-432m^2/g$ for ACs prepared from SMd sample. Despite the low determined surface area of prepared ACs, a high total Cr removal capacity is observed occurring through a "coupled adsorption-reduction" mechanism. Higher Cr(VI) removal capacity is demonstrated for ACs having higher surface area ($q_m$ is 140.9 mg/g according Langmuir modelling). Cr(VI) removal is found to be pH dependent with a maximum at pH 1. However at that pH significant amounts of Cr remain in the solution as Cr(III). At pH 2 lower amount of Cr(VI) is removed compensated by a higher removal of Cr(III) resulting in a higher amount of adsorbed $Cr_{tot}$. Therefore adsorption at pH 2 is found to be appropriate. The removal capacity of the studied ACs towards Cr(VI) is almost independent of activation time.

방문판매원 문제에 적용한 개선된 개미 군락 시스템 (Improved Ant Colony System for the Traveling Salesman Problem)

  • 김인겸;윤민영
    • 정보처리학회논문지B
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    • 제12B권7호
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    • pp.823-828
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    • 2005
  • 개미 군락 시스템 (Ant Colony System, ACS)은 조합 최적화 문제 중의 하나인 방문 판매원 문제에(Traveling Salesman Problem TSP) 간단하게 응용할 수 있고 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 그러나 ACS는 작은 TSP에서는 최적해를 구하였지만, 큰 TSP에 대해서는 최적해를 구하지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 큰 TSP에 대한 최적해를 찾기 위하여 개미들에게 좀 더 많은 정보를 주는 기법의 하나로 한 도시에서 다음 도시로의 탐색 경로를 결정할 때, 인접한 도시들에(adjacent neighbor) 대한 거리로만 결정하지 않고 길이가 w인 부경로(subpath)에 대한 정보를 미리 수집한 후, 이 정보를 이용하여 경로를 생성하였다. 실험 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 기법이 기존의 ACS 기법보다 큰 그래프에서 최적해(Known Optimal)에 가까운 경로를 찾는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그래프에 따라서는 기존의 ACS 기법보다 최대 $70\%$ 이상의 성능이 개선되었으며 평균적으로 $30\%$ 내외의 개선된 결과를 보여준다.

Experimental research on design wind loads of a large air-cooling structure

  • Yazhou, Xu;Qianqian, Ren;Guoliang, Bai;Hongxing, Li
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.215-224
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    • 2019
  • Because of the particularity and complexity of direct air-cooling structures (ACS), wind parameters given in the general load codes are not suitable for the wind-resistant design. In order to investigate the wind loads of ACS, two 1/150 scaled three-span models were designed and fabricated, corresponding to a rigid model and an aero-elastic model, and wind tunnel tests were then carried out. The model used for testing the wind pressure distribution of the ACS was defined as the rigid model in this paper, and the stiffness of which was higher than that of the aero-elastic model. By testing the rigid model, the wind pressure distribution of the ACS model was studied, the shape coefficients of "A" shaped frame and windbreak walls, and the gust factor of the windbreak walls were determined. Through testing the aero-elastic model, the wind-induced dynamic responses of the ACS model was studied, and the wind vibration coefficients of ACS were determined based on the experimental displacement responses. The factors including wind direction angle and rotation of fan were taken into account in this test. The results indicated that the influence of running fans could be ignored in the structural design of ACS, and the wind direction angle had a certain effect on the parameters. Moreover, the shielding effect of windbreak walls induced that wind loads of the "A" shaped frame were all suction. Subsequently, based on the design formula of wind loads in accordance with the Chinese load code, the corresponding parameters were presented as a reference for wind-resistant design and wind load calculation of air-cooling structures.

난연성 Acrylonitrile-Chloroprene-Styrene(ACS) 신소재의 합성과 물성 (Syntheses and Properties of the Newly Designed Acrylonitrile-Chloroprene-Styrene(ACS) Copolymers for the Improvement of Flame Resistance)

  • 안일선;하창식;이진국;조원제
    • 공업화학
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.130-137
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    • 1992
  • 과산화벤조일을 개시제로 하여 클로로프렌 고무에 아크릴로니트릴(AN)과 스티렌(ST)을 그라프트 공중합하였다. 합성된 그라프트 공중합체는 초산에틸/n-헥산, 아세톤/메탄올 및 디메틸포름아미드/메탄을 혼합용매를 사용하여 추출 분리하였다. 얻어진 그라프트 공중합체인 아크릴로니트릴-클로로프펜-스티렌(ACS)수지는 IR분광법으로 구조를 확인하였다. 그라프트 공중합시의 스티렌 대 아크릴로니트릴 몰비,반응온도와 시간, 개시제농도, CR농도 및 용매의 영향을 고찰한 결과 그라프팅 효율은 [ST]/[AN] 몰비와 반응시간, 개시제 농도와 CR농도에 따라 증가하였다. 그라프트 공중합에서 클로도프렌의 농도는 9.6wt%, 단량체의 상대적 몰비, [ST]/[AN]=1.5, 반응시간은 40시간, 반응온도는 $70^{\circ}C$가 최적 반응조건이었다. 아울러 최적반응조건으로부터 합성되어진 그라프트 공중합체의 열적성질 난연성 내후성 및 morphology도 측정조사하였다. 그 결과 난연성과 내후성 및 열적 안정성이 기존의 ABS나 AES보다 개선되었다.

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