• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.5
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• pp.535-542
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• 2001

Mobile codes such as Java, Java-Script, ActiveX, and Script code are loaded into a client system first and then run without any notice to the client user. Executing code by this mechanism may cause various security problems such as flowing out system information, deleting or modifying files, and exhausting system resources. In this paper we propose an integrated authentication system to establish the uniform security countermeasure on various mobile codes. The system helps to solve to problems mentioned above. An integrated authentication system allows to load into an interpreter using ACL (Access Control List) which sets up an access authority to the executable contents and communicates with an interpreter using client/server model.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1998

Various methods for fixation of graft have been widely used for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. However, the biomechanical strength of each fixation techniques are not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to compare the pull out strength of different fixation techniques which is probably the most important factor for the success at the initial stage of healing. Biomechanical test was carried out to measure and compare the pull out tensile strength of five different fixation techniques in 35 pig(Yorkshire) knees. ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test was applied for statistical analysis. In the two fixation techniques with bone patellar tendon bone graft, the mean maximum tensile strength was $1333.4{\pm}148.5N$ with titanium interference screw, while it was $1310.1{\pm}168.9N$ with biodegradable interference screw. The failure mode were pulled out of bone plugs from the femoral tunnel in majority cases. In the fixations with hamstring tendon, the mean maximum tensile strength were $1405.9{\pm}135.1N$ with SemiFix screw, $820.3{\pm}104.5N$ with biodegradable interference screw, and $682.1{\pm}54.2N$ with Endobutton. The mode of failure was variable in each technique. The tendon was pulled out from the tunnel in biodegradable interference screw fixation, the screw was bent in the SemiFix system, and the polyester tape were ruptured or the buttons were pulled into tunnel in Endobutton fixation. The mean maximum tensile strength of two interference screws with bone patellar tendon bone was statistically comparable to that of SemiFix with hamstring tendon. However biodegradable interference screw and Endobutton with hamstring tendon showed weaker maximum tensile strength than above three fixation techniques (P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.66-68
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• 2008

Recently, devices using radiofrequency energy have been developed for arthroscopic soft tissue ablation, cauterization and shrinkage. After ACL reconstruction operation, articular metallic foreign body was found in the post-operative radiographs. It was proven to be the tip of bipolar radiofrequency system after foreign body removal. After that we experienced 2 more cases during the acromioplasty procedure. We requires attention to prevent the separation of the tip from the body in the arthroscopic surgery using bipolar radiofrequency system.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 1996

This study was conducted to enhance the shelf-life of Kimchi and to make the unique taste of Kimchi by fermentation control. Kimchis, Prepared by win baechu soaked in 10% salt solutions containing 0.2-0.3% organic acids (OS-Kimchi), acetic acid, citric acid (CA-Kimchi), lactic acid, its mixtures and formic acid+acetic acid+fumalic acid+malic acid+citric acid(FAFMC), were examined for pH, titratable acidify, sensory evaluation, the number of total microbe and lactic acid bacteria, content of organic acids and texture during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$. The decrease of pH and the increase in acidity, CA-Kimchi showed lower than those of control and various OS-Kimchi. Total microbe, lactic acid bacteria, content of lactic acid of CA-Kimchi were lower than those of control. The hardness of CA-Kimchi measured instrumentally was higher than that of control. Sensory scores of CA-Kimchi were also lower than those of control, so the Kimchi maintained good crispness and overall taste.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.439-448
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• 2015

IoT (Internet of Things) propels current networked communities into a advanced hyper-connected society/world where uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices are associated with the existing internet infrastructure. Therefore, the IoT services go beyond mere M2M (Machine-to-Machine communications) and should be able to empower users with more flexible communication capabilities over protocols, domains, and applications. In addition, The access control in IoT need a differentiated methods from the traditional access control to increase a security and dependability. In this paper, we describe implementation and design of the capability token based system for secure access control in IoT environments. In the proposed system, Authorities are symbolized into concepts of the capability tokens, and the access control systems manage the tokens, creation, (re)delegation and revocation. The proposed system is expected to decrease the process time of access control by using capability tokens.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.3 s.87
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

To evaluate the proposed shear strength models developed in a companion paper, the shear strengths of test specimens strengthened with FRP were predicted by ACl specification, and elsewhere. The advantage and disadvantage of the models were investigated by the comparisons with the test results. The characteristics and limitations of the existing model were investigated with respect to FRP types, strengthening methods, shear span to depth ratio and effective strength of FRP. The results of this parametric study showed that the proposed shear strength model is more accurate than other models.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

Optimal treatment of the torn posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) remains controversial. The type of tibial fixation (transtibial vs inlay), the femoral tunnel position within the femoral footprint (central, eccentric or isometric), and the number of bundles in the reconstruction (single-bundle vs double-bundle) are controversial issues. The PCL has a better chance of spontaneously healing than the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) because of a rich blood supply (near the branch of the middle genicular artery) and coverage with a thicker synovium. In general, for easier passage of the graft and full visualization of the original ligament attachment site during the precise positioning of the tunnel, the remaining PCL fibers are usually debrided during reconstruction. However, the remaining remnant structures would significantly contribute to the posterior stability of the knee joint, the healing of the graft, preserving proprioceptive function of the mechanoreceptors in the PCL. Double bundle PCL reconstruction may result in some surgical complications because of increased complexity of making tunnel. Therefore, single bundle PCL reconstruction with remnant preservation seems to be an effective procedure.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has been considered the primary treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patient. However, there is little biomechanical evidence regarding bilateral knee joint biomechanics during landing and cutting task after ACLR. Method: Eighteen females with ACLR participated in this investigation. Double leg jump landing (DLJL) and single leg jump cut (SLJC) biomechanics were assessed. Results: During DLJL, the healthy knee showed greater knee valgus angle at initial contact ($^{\circ}$) compared to the injured knee (Injured: $2.93{\pm}2.59$, Healthy: $4.20{\pm}2.46$, t=2.957, p=0.009). There was a significant difference in anterior tibial shear force ($N{\times}N^{-1}$) with greater in the injured knee (Injured: $1.41{\pm}0.39$, Healthy: $1.30{\pm}0.35$, t=2.201, p=0.042). During SLJC, injured knee showed greater knee extension moment ($N^*m{\times}[N^*m]^{-1}$) compared to healthy knee (Injured: $0.51{\pm}0.19$, Healthy: $0.47{\pm}0.17$, t=2.761, p=0.013). However, there was no significant differences between the knees in the other variables. Conclusion: ACLRfemales exhibited a greater knee valgus angle at initial contact and lesser anterior tibial shear force on the healthy knee during double leg jump landing. In addition, ACLR females showed a greater knee extension moment on the injured knee during single leg jump cut.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.239-252
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• 2014

This study aimed to assess the biomechanical performance of a new generation of artificial ligament, which can be considered "bioactive" and "biointegrated," implanted in sheep. Thirty sheep were implanted: 15 sheep received the artificial ligament grafted with a bioactive polymer (grafted) and 15 received the artificial ligament without a bioactive polymer (non-grafted). The animals were sacrificed 3 or 12 months after implantation. The knee kinematics, namely flexion-extension, anterior drawer, and varus-valgus tests, were evaluated using a fully characterized custom-made device. Afterward, the specimens were tested under uniaxial tension until failure. The flexion-extension showed significant differences between (grafted or non-grafted) artificial and native ligaments 3 months after implantation. This difference became non-significant 12 months postoperatively. The anterior tibial drawer was significantly increased 3 months after implantation and remained significantly different only for non-grafted ligament 12 months after implantation. Twelve months after implantation, the differences between grafted and non-grafted ligament biomechanical properties were significant in terms of stiffness. In terms of load to failure, grafted ligaments seem to have had slightly better performance than non-grafted ligaments 12 months postoperatively. Overall these results suggest that grafted artificial ligaments have slightly better biomechanical characteristics than non-grafted artificial ligaments 12 months after implantation in sheep.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.128-131
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• 1997

전방십자인대의 일차수복술이나 재건술후에 장기간의 비체중부하가 필요한지를 결정하기 위해서 일차수복술을 시행한 96례와 재건술을 시행한 82례등 총 178례를 대상으로 술후 체중부하시기에따라 두군으로 나누어 비교분석 하였다. 모든 례에서 술후 보조기를 착용하였고 120례에서는 술후 첫6주간 점차적으로 관절운동범위를 증가를 시키고 다음 6주간은 완전운동범위 회복상태에서 유지후 술후 12주에 체중부하를 허용하였으며 나머지 58례에서 술후 완전신전상태에서 즉시 체중부하를 시켜서 정기적으로 Lachman검사, KT 2000을 이용하여 불안정성여부를 관찰하였다. 평균 추시기간은 4.2년(2년$\~$6년)이었고 불안정성에 대한 평가는 AMA 분류에 따랐다. 최종추시상 모든환자에서 1+이상의 불안정성은 발견되지 않았으며 술후 12주에 체중부하를 한군에서 1a+가 104례$(86.7\%)$, 1b+군이 16례$(13.3\%)$로 관찰되고 즉시 체중부하를 한 군에서 1a+가 51례$(87.9\%)$, 1b+가 7례$(12.1\%)$에서 보였으나 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 본연구의 결과로 전방십자인대 일차수복술이나 재건술후 신전보조기를 착용시키고 즉시 보행을 시키는 것이 술후 슬관절의 불안정성에 영향을 주지 않으며 안전한 재활방법으로 생각된다.