• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

현재, 국내외 전단 설계기준에서 RC 및 PSC 부재의 전단보강철근의 최대항복강도를 제한하고 있다. 이는 고강도 전단보강철근을 사용한 RC 부재의 전단거동평가에 대한 선행 연구들에 근거한 것이다. 이에 비해 고강도 전단보강철근을 사용한 PSC 부재의 전단거동평가에 대한 연구는 미흡하며, PSC 부재는 긴장력에 의한 축압축력에 의해 RC 와는 다른 전단거동을 나타내므로 국내 기준에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 또한 이러한 제한으로 인해 고강도 철근을 PSC 부재에 적용할 경우 강도의 추가적인 상승분을 내력에 포함시킬 수 없어 고강도 재료의 사용을 저해시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 총 8개의 고강도 재료를 사용한 포스트텐션 PSC 보 전단실험을 실시하여 KCI-12 기준 및 ACI 318-14 기준의 항복강도 및 사인장균열의 폭을 검토하였다. ACI 318-14에서 요구하는 전단보강철근의 항복강도 제한값(420 MPa) 이상인 모든 PSC 실험체의 전단보강철근이 항복한 이후에 최대 내력에 도달하였으며, 실험 전단내력 또한 KCI-12 기준식의 전단강도 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 사용성 측면에서도 고강도 전단보강철근을 사용한 모든 실험체가 ACI 224위원회의 허용 균열폭(0.41 mm)을 초과하지 않았다. 본 연구의 실험결과에 근거하여 KCI-12 기준에서 제한하는 전단보강철근의 항복강도는 PSC 부재에 대해서 전단내력 및 균열의 사용성 측면을 모두 만족하는 것으로 판단되며 ACI 318-14의 전단보강철근 제한 기준은 다소 안전측에 속하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

Ties are mandated by many design guidelines and codes to prevent the progressive collapse of buildings initiated by local failures. This study develops a model to estimate catenary/cable action capacity and the required ties in continuous reinforced concrete beams to bridge above the potential failed interior columns. The developed model is derived based on virtual work method and verified using test results presented in the literature. Also, parametric investigations are conducted to estimate the required ties in continuous reinforced concrete beams supporting one-way slab systems. A comparison is conducted between the estimated tie reinforcement using the developed model and that provided by satisfying the integrity provisions of the ACI 318-14 (2014) code. It is shown that the required tie reinforcements to prevent progressive collapse using the developed model are obviously larger than that provided by the integrity requirements of the ACI 318-14 (2014) code. It has been demonstrated that the increases in the demanded tie reinforcements over that provided by satisfying ACI 318-14 (2014) integrity provisions are varied between 1.01 and 1.46.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2019

The objective of the present study is to examine the flexural behavior of two-span post-tensioned lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) beams using unbonded tendons and the reliability of the design provisions of ACI 318-14 for such beams. The parameters investigated were the effective prestress and loading type, including the symmetrical top one-point, two third-point, and analogous uniform loading systems. The unbonded prestressing three-wire strands were arranged with a harped profile of variable eccentricity. The total length of the beam, measured between both strand anchorages, was 11000 mm. The test results were compared with those compiled from simply supported LWAC one-way members, wherever possible. The ultimate load capacity of the present beam specimens was evaluated by the collapse mechanism of the plasticity theorem and the nominal section moment strength calculated following the provision of the ACI 318-14. The test results showed that the two-span post-tensioned LWAC beams had lower stress increase (Δf_ps) in the unbonded tendons than the simply supported LWAC beams with a similar reinforcement index. The effect of the loading type on Δf_ps and displacement ductility was less significant for two-span beams than for the comparable simply supported beams. The design equations for Δf_ps and Δf_ps proposed by ACI 318-14 and Harajli are conservative for the present two-span post-tensioned LWAC beams, although the safety decreases for the two-span beam, compared to the ratios between experiments and predictions obtained from simply supported beams.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.110-111
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• 2019

In ACI 318-19 published recently, the conditions and development length equation to use the headed deformed bars were changed considerably. Although the use of the larger-diameter(No.14 and 18) headed deformed bars isn't yet permitted, the use of the high strength(80,000psi) headed deformed bars is permitted and the effect of bar-diameter($d_b$) on the development length is increased considerably. Therefore, structures using larger-diameter headed deformed bars will be expected to be affected by this code change. We will study the effect of the code change on the development design and find out the design optimization method to minimize the effect of the changed conditions and development length equation.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2003

춤이 깊은 보 설계를 위한 현행 ACI 기준은 콘크리트 압축강도 40MPa이하의 실험결과를 바탕으로 한 반 경험적인 제안식으로서 40MPa이상 고강도콘크리트의 사용이 증가됨에 따라 현행 기준의 고강도 깊은 보에 대한 적용성 평가가 요구되고 있다. 고강도 깊은 보의 전단강도 예측을 위하여 본 연구에서는 콘크리트강도와 모멘트효과를 고려한 수정 연화 스트럿-타이 모델을 제시하였다. 제안모델 평가를 위하여 4개의 시험체를 제작하였으며, 콘크리트 압축강도 49~78MPa로 제작된 74개의 기존 실험 데이터를 적용하여 ACI 318-99 11.8기준, ACI 318-02 부록 A STM의 해석결과와 비교 평가하였다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

Deep beam shall be designed either by taking into account nonlinear distribution of strain or by Appendix A of Strut-and-Tie Models (STM) according to ACI 318(M) from version of 2002. Although STM is accepted as tool in design Discontinuity region (D-region) which mostly exist in Deep beam, Corbels, Dapped ends etc., it has been modified by many researchers. In this study we design deep beam by STMs which use simple truss for load distribution and the model of complex truss for load distribution compare with the ACI traditional which is designed by flexure design method and shear provided by concrete($V_c$) as provided in special provisions section of 11.8 in ACI 318-99 [1]. This study aims to find the different and efficiency of deep beam design based on variation of parameter compiled from many samples selected from ACI traditional and two model of STMs, simple and complex load distribution.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2014

Prestressed hollow-core slabs (HCS) are widely used for modern lightweight precast floor structures because they are cost-efficient by reducing materials, and have excellent flexural strength and stiffness by using prestressing tendons, compared to reinforced concrete (RC) floor system. According to the recently revised ACI318-08, the web-shear capacity of HCS members exceeding 315 mm in depth without the minimum shear reinforcement should be reduced by half. It is, however, difficult to provide shear reinforcement in HCS members produced by the extrusion method due to their unique concrete casting methods, and thus, their shear design is significantly affected by the minimum shear reinforcement provision in ACI318-08. In this study, a large number of shear test data on HCS members has been collected and analyzed to examine their web-shear capacity with consideration on the minimum shear reinforcement requirement in ACI318-08. The analysis results indicates that the minimum shear reinforcement requirement for deep HCS members are too severe, and that the web-shear strength equation in ACI318-08 does not provide good estimation of shear strengths for HCS members. Thus, in this paper, a rational web-shear strength equation for HCS members was derived in a simple manner, which provides a consistent margin of safety on shear strength for the HCS members up to 500 mm deep. More shear test data would be required to apply the proposed shear strength equation for the HCS members over 500 mm in depth though.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.657-680
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• 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams are structural members that predominantly fail in shear. Therefore, determining the shear strength of these types of beams is very important. The strut-and-tie method is commonly used to design deep beams, and this method has been adopted in many building codes (ACI318-14, Eurocode 2-2004, CSA A23.3-2004). In this study, the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting the shear strength of RC deep beams is investigated as a different approach to the strut-and-tie method. An ANN model was developed using experimental data for 214 normal and high-strength concrete deep beams from an existing literature database. Seven different input parameters affecting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were selected to create the ANN structure. Each parameter was arranged as an input vector and a corresponding output vector that includes the shear strength of the RC deep beam. The ANN model was trained and tested using a multi-layered back-propagation method. The most convenient ANN algorithm was determined as trainGDX. Additionally, the results in the existing literature and the accuracy of the strut-and-tie model in ACI318-14 in predicting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were investigated using the same test data. The study shows that the ANN model provides acceptable predictions of the ultimate shear strength of RC deep beams (maximum $R^2{\approx}0.97$). Additionally, the ANN model is shown to provide more accurate predictions of the shear capacity than all the other computed methods in this study. The ACI318-14-STM method was very conservative, as expected. Moreover, the study shows that the proposed ANN model predicts the shear strengths of RC deep beams better than does the strut-and-tie model approaches.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

원형 기둥의 나선철근은 축방향 철근의 위치 고정 및 좌굴방지와 코어콘크리트의 충분한 횡구속으로 기둥의 연성거동에 효과적인 역할을 한다. 각국은 기둥에 요구되는 연성을 확보하기 위하여 나선철근의 최소철근비를 제시하고 있다. ACI 318-14와 국내 콘크리트 구조설계 기준에서 제시하는 나선철근 최소철근비는 Richart et al.(1928)의 이론에 기초하여 개발되었으며 현재까지 사용되고 있다. 그러나 Richart et al.(1928)의 이론은 현대의 고강도 콘크리트, 고강도철근 그리고 나선철근의 배근조건 등의 영향을 고려하지 못한다. 이 연구에서는 나선철근으로 구속된 철근콘크리트 원형 기둥의 내력회복 및 연성증진에 요구되는 나선철근에 대한 수정 최소철근비 산정식을 제시한다. 수정 최소철근비 산정식은 콘크리트 압축강도, 나선철근 항복강도, 기둥의 단면적, 나선철근 배근간격, 나선철근 직경의 영향을 고려하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 재료강도 및 나선철근 최적비를 변수로 한 실험체의 일축 압축실험을 통하여 ACI 318-14에 제시하는 나선철근 최소철근비 산정식의 타당성을 검토하고, 그 결과를 토대로 나선철근 최소철근비 산정식의 수정방안을 고찰하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2021

본 논문은 SD700 확대머리철근의 겹침이음을 이용한 단차가 있는 보의 접합상세를 개발하기 위하여 실시한 구조성능평가 실험결과를 나타낸다. 실험변수는 주철근의 겹침이음길이, 철근 항복강도, 단부정착상세 등이다. 모든 실험체에 대하여 춤이 작은 보(B2)의 하부 주철근은 확대머리철근을 적용하였으며, 춤이 큰 보(B1)의 하부 주철근은 일자형 확대머리철근, 90° 갈고리형 확대머리철근 등 두 가지 상세로 이음방법을 적용하였다. 실험결과, SD500과 SD600을 적용한 실험체들은 겹침이음부에서 모두 휨파괴되었으며, 이로 인하여 최대내력은 유사하게 나타났다. SD500을 적용한 실험체들에 대하여, B1의 주철근을 90°갈고리형 확대머리철근으로 적용한 상세가 확대머리철근에 비하여 겹침이음부의 수평균열을 억제하였다. SD700의 확대머리철근을 사용한 실험체는 취성적인 정착파괴가 나타났으며, 겹침이음길이의 증가에 따라 최대내력이 증가하였다. SD700의 확대머리철근을 사용한 실험체들은 실험체정착길이/이론정착길이에 대한 실험내력/이론내력이 ACI 318-19 식은 1.30~1.48로 나타났으며, KDS-2021 식은 1.14~1.30로 평가되었다. 이를 볼 때, ACI 318-19 산정식이 보다 보수적으로 정착길이를 평가함으로써 더 큰 안전율을 가지고 있었다.