• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2009

Molecular markers developed from the flanking sequences of two cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-associated genes, orf456 and ${\Psi}atp6-2$, have been used for marker-assisted selection of CMS in pepper. However, in practice, the presence of orf456 and ${\Psi}atp6-2$ at substoichiometric levels even in maintainer lines hampers reliable selection of plants containing the CMS gene. In this study, we developed a novel CMS-specific molecular marker, accD-U, for reliable determination of CMS lines in pepper, and used the newly and previously developed markers to determine the cytoplasm types of pepper breeding lines and germplasms. This marker was developed from a deletion in a chloroplast-derived sequence in the mitochondrial genome of a CMS pepper line. CMS pepper lines could be unambiguously determined by presence or absence of the accD-U marker band. Application of orf456, ${\Psi}atp6-2$and accD-U to various pepper breeding lines and germplasms revealed that accD-U is the most reliable CMS selection marker. A wide distribution of orf456, but not ${\Psi}atp6-2$, in germplasms suggests that the pepper cytoplasm containing both orf456 and ${\Psi}atp6-2$ has been selected as CMS cytoplasm from cytoplasm containing only orf456. Furthermore, factors other than orf456 may be required for the regulation of male sterility in pepper.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

A study was conducted to observe the variation and inheritance of agronomic traits and their interrelationship in mungbean. The objective of the study was to compare agronomic traits and hardseed percentage of 268 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from the cross between wild Vigna subspecies sublobata "ACC 41" with the mungbean cultivar "Berken". The RIL population and their parents were evaluated under controlled conditions in a glass house at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. The results showed significant differences among the RILs and among the parents in all traits under study. Berken had a longer flowering date and a higher seed weight per plant, but less total leaf number and pod number per plant than ACC 41. A germination test between papers revealed that ACC 41 was 100% hard-seeded and did not germinate at all, while Berken germinated up to 100%. Their RILs distributed well between 0 to 100% hardseed. Upon scarification, all hardseed germinated within seven days. Narrowsense heritability estimates of total leave number, hardseedness, pod length, and pod width were highly heritable at 89.9, 98.9, 93.7, and 93.2%, respectively. The heritability of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant were lower at 63.1 and 58.4%, respectively. Seed weight per plant showed positive transgressive segregation when compared with ACC 41 and a positive correlation with 100 seed weight. While the number of seeds per pod showed a negative transgressive segregation when compared with Berken and a negative correlation with pod length and pod width. The RILs gave a 1:1 segregation ratio in leaflet shape, growth habit, and growth pattern, indicating that these traits were controlled by a single dominant gene.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends and find whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) of refugees could affect structural or functional changes of brains of those under MRI, focusing on volumes, functional connectivities, and metabolites. Methods: A literature search was done using PubMed, Embase, RISS, and KMBase to identify studies that matched our research purpose. A total of eight studies were identified using Prisma flow diagram by two reviewers independently. Results: Eight studies were identified. Three studies were on North Korean defectors as subjects. The number of studies that observed structural changes, functional changes, and metabolite changes in brains was 2, 5, and 2, respectively. Although each study observed various parts of the brain, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed commonly in three studies. The PTSD group showed reduction of ACC volume and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) metabolite in ACC compared to the non- PTSD group. When exposed to negative stimuli, the PTSD group showed higher neural activity than the non-PTSD group, but not vice versa. Conclusion: ACC showed significant difference in volume, neural activity, and NAA metabolite between the PTSD and the non-PTSD group, resulting in significant differences in structural changes, functional changes, metabolite changes, respectively. This study showed the need for conducting more research using various biomarkers to clarify the relationship between PTSD of refugees and their brain changes.

• 반도체공학회 논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

본 논문은 32, 72, 80MHz 의 주파수에서 작동하는 블루투스 저에너지(BLE) 스마트 태그 애플리케이션용으로 설계된 보정 기능이 있는 레퍼런스 클럭 합성기(CR)에 대해 설명합니다. 기존 주파수 합성기와 달리 제안된 설계는 외부 소자가 필요하지 않습니다. 단일 종단 안테나를 사용하여 2.4GHz 신호에서 - 36dBm 의 최소 입력 전력을 수신하는 클럭 합성기(CR)는 저잡음 증폭기(LNA)를 통해 수신된 RF 신호를 처리하여 클럭을 합성합니다. 이 방식을 통해 시스템은 크리스털에 의존하지 않고 레퍼런스 클럭을 생성할 수 있습니다. 수신된 신호는 LNA 에 의해 증폭된 이후 16 비트 ACC(자동 클럭 보정) 회로에 입력됩니다. ACC는 수신된 신호의 주파수를 발진기 출력 주파수와 비교하여 주파수 계산 방법을 통해 32MHz 레퍼런스 클럭 합성을 용이하게 합니다. 발진기는 주파수 분배기가 있는 링 발진기(RO)를 사용하여 구성되며, 다양한 시스템 구성 요소에 대해 세 가지 주파수(32/72/80MHz)를 제공합니다. 제안된 주파수 합성기는 55nm CMOS 공정을 사용하여 구현되었습니다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1331-1335
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 유전적으로 제2형 당뇨를 가진 Goto-Kakizaki 흰쥐의 간 세포액에 함유된 당 이용 대사 관련 주요 효소인 glucokinase(GK)와 acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)에 약용 식물 물 추출물들이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. $\alpha$-Glucosidase 저해제는 제2형 당뇨 치료와 예방을 위해 사용되어져 오고 있다. 따라서 약용식물 물 추출물들의 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 알아보았다. Goto-Kakizaki 흰쥐의 간 세포액 분획물을 GK과 ACC 활성을 알아보기 위해 사용하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 약용 식물들은 Lycium chinense(JGP), Discorea japonica Thunb.(SY), Pyrus pyrifolia(YSB), Cornus officinalis(SSY), Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR.(MDP), Cordyceps militaris(DCH) 그리고 Acanthopanax senticosus(GSO)였다. 지골피(JGP), 산약(SY), 야생배(YSB) 그리고 산수유(SSY) 물 추출물들은 GK 활성을 증가시켰고, 실험에 사용된 모든 약용식물 물추출물들은 간 ACC 활성을 증가시켰다. 야생배(YSB), 산수유(SSY), 목단피(MDP) 그리고 가시오가피(GSO) 물 추출물들은 대조군보다 현저히 높은 $\alpha$-glucosidase 활성 억제를 보여주었다. $\alpha$-Glucosidase 활성을 가장 억제시킨 것은 GSO 물 추출물이었고, 그 억제율은 $\alpha$-glucosidase 치료제인 acarbose보다 높았다. 따라서 제2형 당뇨에서 지골피 (JGP), 산약(SY), 야생배(YSB) 그리고 산수유(SSY) 물 추출물들은 글루코스 대사과정을 활성화시켜 항당뇨 효과를 나타내는 천연 소재일 것으로 생각되고 야생배(YBS), 목단피(MDP) 그리고 가시오가피(GSO)는 천연 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해제로써 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 약용식물 물 추출물에 의한 증가된 ACC 활성은 더해진 항당뇨 효과를 나타낼 것이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2006

인간 타액선 선양낭성암종 조직 18례에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하여 종물 주변의 정상 타액선 조직과 비교, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 1) EGF는 타액선 도관세포와 암종 조직의 50%에서 발현 되었으며, 정상 타액선 조직과 비교하여 암종 조직에서 발현이 증가되어 있지 않았다. 2) $TGF-{\alpha}$는 타액선 도관세포와 선포세포, 그리고 거의 모든 암종 조직에서 발현되었으며, 정상 타액선 조직과 비교하여 암종 조직에서 그 발현이 유의하게 증가되었다(P<0.05). 3) EGFR은 타액선 도관세포와 대부분의 암종 조직에서 발현되었으나, 발현의 강도에서 정상 타액선 조직과 암종 조직간의 차이는 없었다. 4) pEGFR은 정상 타액선 조직에서는 발현되지 않았으며, 암종 조직의 종양세포에서 그 발현이 증가되었다(P<0.05). 5) ErbB2/HER2는 타액선 도관세포와 거의 모든 암종 조직에서 발현되었으며, 정상 타액선 조직과 비교하여 암종 조직에서 그 발현이 유의하게 증가되었다 (P<0.05). 6) 검색된 인자들 중 $TGF-{\alpha}$와 ErbB2/HER2는 관사상체형 암종 조직에서와는 달리 충실형 암종 조직에서 100% 발현되어, 충실형 선양낭성암종의 증가된 악성도에 중요한 역할을 함을 암시하였다. 7) 종물 내의 종양관련 혈관내피세포에서도 위의 인자들이 모두 발현되어 종양관련 혈관내피세포는 선양낭성암종의 증식과 전이에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. 8) 종양 기질 내의 면역관련 세포들에서도 역시 위의 인자들이 발현되어 이들 세포들이 종양의 증식과 생존에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 추론을 가능하게 하였다. 위의 연구결과들을 종합하면 상피성장인자 신호전달계에 관여하는 인자들 중 $TGF-{\alpha}$, pEGFR, 그리고 ErbB2/HER2가 타액선 선양낭성암종에서 과발현 되었다. 따라서 이들 인자들이 타액선 선양낭성암종의 증식과 생존, 그리고 전이 과정에서 중요한 역할을 할 것이라는 추론을 가능하게 하였다. 추후 면역조직화학적 연구의 한계와 오류를 극복할 수 있는 기법으로 이들 인자들에 대한 재검색이 필요하리라 생각된다. 또한 과연 이들 인자들이 암생물학적으로 뿐만 아니라 임상적으로도 전이 및 환자 생존율과 관계된 인자로서의 가치가 있는지 평가해 보아야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Nowadays, with the advancement of computers, computer simulation linked with VR (Virtual Reality) technology has become a useful method for designing the automotive driving system. In this paper, the VR simulation system was developed to investigate the driving performances of the ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle) equipped with an ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) system. For this purpose, VR environment which generates visual and sound information of the vehicle, road, facilities, and terrain was organized for the realistic driving situation. Mathematical models of vehicle dynamic analysis, which includes the ACC algorithm, have been constructed for computer simulation. The ACC algorithm modulates the throttle and the brake functions of vehicles to regulate their speeds so that the vehicles can keep proper spacing. Also, the real-time simulation algorithm synchronizes vehicle dynamics simulation with VR rendering. With the developed VR simulation system, several scenarios are applied to evaluate the adaptive cruise controlled vehicle for various driving situations.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.114-120
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• 1997

For compensating the error motion of hydrostatic tables, we have introduced a way that the clearance of table is controlled corresponding to the amount of eror with the actively controlled variable capillary, named as ACC. In previous paper, through the basic test, it was confirmed that by the use of ACC, the error motion within 2.7$\mu$ m of a hydrostatic table could be compensated with the resolution of 27nm, 1/100 contollable range, and with the frequency bandwidth of 5.5Hz, structurally. In this paper, we performed practical compensation of the linear and angular motion error of hydrostatic table using ACC. For improving the compensated motion accuracy, iterative control method is put into the control system. The experimental results show that by the simultaneous compensation of error, the linear and angular motion error are improved upto 0.25$\mu$ m and 0.4arcsec, which are about 1/10 and 1/3 of the non-compensated motion errors respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Improvement of plant growth by Methylotrophic bacteria can be influenced through alterations in growth modulating enzymes or hormones, especially by decreasing ethylene levels enzymatically by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase or by production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In this study, the effect of seven strains of Methylobacterium on seedling ethylene emission of tomato and red pepper plants was evaluated under greenhouse condition. Ethylene emission was lowest in Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 inoculated tomato plants and CBMB110 inoculated red pepper plants at 47 days after sowing (DAS). However, at 58 DAS all inoculated plants showed almost similar pattern of ethylene emission. Methylobacterium inoculated tomato and red pepper plants showed significantly less ethylene emission compared to control. Our results demonstrated that Methylobacterium spp. inoculation promotes plant growth due to the reduction of ethylene emission and therefore can be potentially used in sustainable agriculture production systems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1089-1093
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• 2000

Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that occurs in exocrine glands such as major and minor salivary glands, lacrimal glands, ceruminal glands. It has a tendency for delayed distant metastasis and long clinical course. ACC of the lacrimal gland is generally found in adults and is usually managed by radical orbitectomy and supplemental external beam irradiation. The authors present two cases of recurrent lacrimal gland ACC with review of the literature.