• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2002

상추의 기내 callus 배양으로부터 ACAT (Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase) 억제 활성물질로 알려진 phytol 의 생산가능성이 연구되었다. Callus는 0.5mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA가 첨가된 MS 배지에 4주간 치상된 자엽 절편체로부터 유도되었으며, 다양한 수준의 chlorophyll을 함유하고 있었다. Phytol이 chlorophyll분자를 구성하는 물질로 알려져 있음에 도 불구하고, phytol의 추출량은 녹색의 자엽에서 보다 callus 에서 높게 나타났다. GC 분석결과, phytol의 추출량은 callus의 chlorophyll 함량과 비례하지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, callus의 chlorophyll 함량수준은 callus의 형성능과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 phytol의 기내생산에 있어서 상추의 callus 배양의 잠재성을 제시한다 하겠다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

사자발쑥의 지상부를 80% MeOH용액으로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 EtOAc, H-BuOH 및 $H_2O$로 용매 분획 하였다. 이 중 EtOAc 분획으로부터 silica gel과 octadecyl silica gel(ODS), Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography로 정제하여 4종의 triterpenoid를 분리하였다. 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR, MS 및 IR 등의 스펙트럼 데이터를 해석하여 wrightial(1), wrightial acetate(2), 27-norcycloart-20(21)-ene-25-al-3${\beta}$-ol acetate(3) 및 ursolic acid(4)로 동정하였다. 이 화합물들은 사자발쑥에서 처음으로 분리 보고 되었으며 특히, 화합물 3은 천연에서 처음으로 분리 보고 되었다. 또한 이번에 분리한 화합물에 대하여 항고지혈증 활성을 측정한 결과 화합물 1은 ACAT1과 ACAT2 효소에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값이 33 ${\mu}g/ml$와 45 ${\mu}g/ml$로 나타났고, 화합물 2는 ACAT1 효소에 대하여 $IC_{50}$ 값이 12 ${\mu}g/ml$로 나타났다. 화합물 3은 ACATI 효소에 대하여 $IC_{50}$값이 16 ${\mu}g/ml$으로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.2287-2290
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• 2008

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.229-229
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• 2019

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2016

BACKGROUNG/OBJECTIVES: Corn silk (CS) extract contains large amounts of maysin, which is a major flavonoid in CS. However, studies regarding the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CS extract on cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mouse fed high-fat diets. MATERIALS/METHODS: Normal-fat group fed 7% fat diet, high-fat (HF) group fed 25% fat diet, and high-fat with corn silk (HFCS) group were orally administered CS extract (100 mg/kg body weight) daily. Serum and hepatic levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol as well as serum free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin levels were determined. The mRNA expression levels of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hyroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ were determined. RESULTS: Oral administration of CS extract with HF improved serum glucose and insulin levels as well as attenuated HF-induced fatty liver. CS extracts significantly elevated mRNA expression levels of adipocytokines and reduced mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR. The mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 and LCAT between the HF group and HFCS group were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: CS extract supplementation with a high-fat diet improves levels of adipocytokine secretion and glucose homeostasis. CS extract is also effective in decreasing the regulatory pool of hepatic cholesterol, in line with decreased blood and hepatic levels of cholesterol though modulation of mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and FXR.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.366-369
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• 2004

Myristica fragrans Houtt were extracted in 80% aq. MeOH and solvent fractionated sing $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water, successively. The n-BuOH fraction gave three phenylpropanoids through application of silica gel column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenylpropanoids were determined by the interpretation of several spectral data, including NMR and MS as meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), nectandrin B (2) and syringin methyl ether (3). Compound 1, which was first isolated from this plant by authors, showed inhibitory activities with $60.0{\pm}2.1%\;(100\;{\mu}g/ml),\;42.6{\pm}0.9%\;(140\;{\mu}g/ml)\;and\;12.2{\pm}0.2%\;(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ on ACAT(acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase), chitin synthase III and HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), respectively. Compound 3 showed inhibitory activities with $27.2{\pm}0.9%\;(100\;{\mu}g/ml),\;45.5{\pm}0.8%\;(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ on ACAT and chitin synthase III.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.541-545
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• 2005

Flowers of Erigeron annuus L. were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H$_2$O. Repeated silica gel and OD S column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction led to the isolation of a sterol, through activityguided fractionation, using ACAT inhibitory activity measurements. From the physico-chemical data, including NMR, MS, and IR, the chemical structure of the compound was determined to be an ergosterol peroxide (1), which has been isolated for the first time from this plant. This compound exhibited hACAT-1 and Lp-PLA$_2$ inhibitory effects, with inhibitory values of 51.6 ${\pm}$ 0.9 and 51 .7 ${\pm}$ 1.2%, at a treatment concentration of 0.23 mM.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.937-941
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• 2006

Ixeris dentata forma albiflora was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_{2}O$. Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel ($C_{18},\;ODS$) column chromatography of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Physicochemical analysis using NMR, MS and IR revealed the chemical structures of the sesquiterpenes, which were zaluzanin (1), 9a-hydroxyguaian-4(15), 10(14), 11 (13)-triene-6, 12-olide(2), $3{\beta}-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-8{\beta}-hydroxyguaian$-4(15), 10(14)-diene-6, 12-olide (3), $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-8{\beta}-hydroxyguauan$-10(14)-ene-6, 12-olide (4), ixerin M (5), glucozaluzanin C (6), crepiside I (7), and ixerin D (8). This is the first time that these sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated from this plant. Compounds 1, 2 and 7 revealed relatively high cytotoxicities on human colon carcinoma cell and lung adeno-carcinoma cell, while compounds 5 and 7 showed acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitory activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.589-602
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• 2006

Hwangryunagyotang is supposed to have significant effects on some sorts of cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis. For this study. ACAT inhibitor was put in LDLR -/- mice to derive free cholesterol from it. This was to examine the effectiveness of Hwangryunnagyotang on its protecting and recovering function with endothelial cells damaged by free cholesterol through experimental. The results reported below. Hwangryunagyotang suppressed the crystallization of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and the numbers of free cholesterol crystal plate structured and reduced fragmentation of nucleus in ECV 304 cell strain by ACAT inhibitor significantly. Hwangryunagyotang also suppressed the necrosis of tissue in LDLR -/- mice' (treated with ACAT inhibitor) inflammatory portion which is adjacent to aortic root, proximal aorta and carotid artery by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. On the whole, Hwangryunagyotang suppressed the necrosis of endothelial cells and especially it's effcet for the necrosis of para-myocardial tissues by free cholesterol. With this result, I suggest Hwangryunagyotang might have protective and recovery effects on atherosclerosis, so we need to carry on this study henceforth clinically and experimentally as well.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2006

The current study examined the effect of quercetin supplements on the lipid-lowering and antioxidant metabolism in ethanol-fed rats. The control $group(E_8)$ received ethanol only diet for 8 wks, whereas the other group$(E_8Q_4)$ received a diet including quercetin supplementation(0.05% wt/wt) for 4 wks while on the ethanol diet for 8wks. The hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in the $E_8Q_4$ group than in the $E_8$ group. Supplementation with quercetin significantly elevated the HDL- cholesterol concentration, the HDL-C/total-C ratio, and lowered the atherogenic index(AI) compared to the $E_8$ group. The hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents were significantly lowered by the quercetin supplement compared to those of the control group. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT activities of the $E_8Q_4$ group were significantly lower than those of the $E_8$ group. The overall potential for antioxidant defense was significantly enhanced by the quercetin supplement, as indicated by a decrease in plasma and hepatic TBARS levels. The hepatic GSH-Px and G6PD activities were significantly higher in the $E_8Q_4$ group compared to the $E_8$ group. The current results suggest that dietary quercetin leads to the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT, which in turn lowers cholesterol levels and normalizes antioxidant enzyme activities.