• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2002

Cellular network applications are growing drastically and this requires a fast and efficient transport method between the base station and the mobile switching center. One possible solution is to use ATM links. The low data rate and small-sized packets in the typical cellular applications imply that significant amount of link bandwidth would be wasted, if this small sized packet is carried by one ATM cell. For efficient operation for such cellular and low bit rate applications, a new type of ATM Adaptation Layer, AAL Type 2, has been proposed. In this paper, the principles of AAL Type 2 are briefly described along with the introduction of other alternatives which have formed the basis for this new AAL. The result from the simulation to study the performance of the AAL Type 2 is discussed from the view point of packet delay and ATM cell use efficiency. Due to the variable size of packets in this application, the fairness issue in serving variable sized packets is also discussed along with the effect of fair queueing algorithm implemented at AAL Type 2.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

A lectin named AAL has been purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. AAL consisted of two identical subunits of 15.8 kDa, its pI was about 3.8 determined by isoelectric focusing, and no carbohydrate was discerned. Being treated by pyrogultamate aminopeptidase, the blocked N-terminus of AAL was sequenced as QGVNIYNI. AAL agglutinated human and animal erythrocytes regardless of blood type or animal species. Its hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by acid or alkali treatment and demetalization or addition of divalent metals $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. AAL was toxic to mice: its LD50 was 15.85 mg per kilogram body weight by intraperitoneal injection. In this study, two novel activities of AAL were proved. It showed inhibition activity to infection of tobacco mosaic virus on Nicotiana glutinosa. The result of IEF suggested that AAL attached to TMV particles. Mycelia differentiation promotion was the other interesting activity. AAL promoted the differentiation of fruit body primordia from the mycelia of Agrocybe aegerita and Auricularia polytricha. AAL antiserum was prepared and immunologically cross-reactived with several proteins from five other kinds of mushrooms. These results suggested that AAL probably was a representative of a large protein family, which plays important physiological roles in mushroom.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8B
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• pp.739-746
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• 2004

An ATM/AAL2 is standardized to transmit delay sensitive application services, which has small size packet, efficiently. An AAL2 transmission scheme is used to deliver voice and data traffic on the lob interface between base station (Node-B) and Radio Network Controller (RNC) in UMTS network. To predict AAL2 performance, a detailed end-to-end UMTS network performance simulator was developed. We performed detailed simulation(cell packing density and bandwidth gain) for voice and data services in UTRAN. The results indicate that the maximum bandwidth gain in Node-B is about 17% and the bandwidth gain of AAL2 multiplexing in $I_{ub}$ for data services is less than that for voice service. Futhermore, the more offered load increase the more the bandwidth gain decreases in a concentrator.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.229-232
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• 2000

AAL2는 ATM 망에서 Low bit Rate의 음성이나 데이터를 Real-Time으로 전송하기 위해 만들어진 표준안이다. IMT-2000 System에서는 ATM을 근간으로 시스템이 구성되며, 이동전화 가입자의 음성패킷이나 Low bit rate 데이터를 전송하기 위해 AAL2를 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 IMT-2000 System에서 AAL2를 구현하기 위한 시스템의 구조와 실제AAL2를 구현한 예를 보인다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2001

This paper models and evaluates the AAL multiplexer to analyze AAL protocol in ATM networks. We consider an AAL multiplexer in which a single periodically determinsitic CBR traffic stream and several variable size bursty background traffic streams are multiplexed and one ATM cell stream goes out. We model the AAL multiplexer as a B/sup X/ + D/D/1/K queue and analyze this queueing system. We represent various performance measures such as loss probability and waiting time in the basis of cell and packet.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.713-716
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• 1998

We propose the dejittering method against the jitter originated from the cell losses in ATM network when CBR traffic is transfereed on AAL5. Cell numbering algong with maintaining a timer at receier side introduces 0.669 times peak-to-peak PDV of the AAL5 PDU to that in ITU-T AAL5 standard, and the AAL5 user-HDTV decoder-receives the same or more error-free transport packets in the proposed algorithm than those in the ITU-T AAL5 standard for the same network simulation environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.689-692
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서 CBR(Constant Bit Rate) 트래 픽 전송을 위한 AAL(ATM Adaptation Layer) type 1 프로세서를 설계 및 구현하였다. AAL 계층의 중요 기능들은 ITU-T Recommendations I.362 와 I.363 에 근거하여 설계하였다. AAL 계층의 주요한 역할은 데이터의 Segmentation 및 셀의 Reassembly 를 하는 것으로, Segmentation 과정에서는 상위 계층의 연속적인 데이터를 Segmentation 하여 53-byte 크기의 ATM 셀을 구성하는 기능이다. Reassembly 과정에서는 들어오는 셀들을 연속적인 데이터로 만들어 AAL 계층 보다 상위 계층으로 전달하는 것이다. 이 과정에서 셀의 Header 를 확인한 후 오류 검정을 거치게 되며, 데이터에 오류가 있을 경우에는 해당 셀을 버리고 오류가 없을 시에만 상위 계층으로 전달한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 Simple AAL type1 프로세서는 향후 모든 type 의 AAL 을 수용하는 칩 개발에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.10B
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• pp.1852-1860
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• 1999

This paper studied performance of the AAL2 for variable rate real time services in ATM network with discrete-time simulation model. In this simulation, input parameters are packet fill delay for AAL2 PDU generation, guard time for ATM cell generation, burstness and number of channels. Though variation of the above mentioned parameters, we obtained end-to end delay variations and throughput, analyzed performance effect of the each parameter for voice packet service.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1379-1382
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서의 통합 네트워크 구현을 위한 IP data packet를 처리하기 위한 AAL type5 프로토콜 프로세서를 설계 및 구현하였다. AAL 계층의 중요 기능들은 ITU-T Recommendation 1.363과 1.363.5 에 근거하여 설계하였다. AAL 계층의 주요한 역할은 데이터의 Segmentation 및 셀의 Reassembly를 하는 것으로, Segmentation 과정에서는 상위 계층의 연속적인 데이터를 Segmentation하여 53-byte 크기의 ATM 셀을 구성하는 기능이다. Reassembly 과정에서는 들어오는 셀들을 연속적인 데이터로 만들어 AAL 계층 보다 상위 계층으로 전달하는 것이다. 이 과정에서 셀의 Header 를 확인한 후 crc-32를 통한 오류 검정을 거치게 되며, 데이터에 오류가 있을 경우에는 해당 셀을 버리고 오류가 없을 시에만 상위 계층으로 전달한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 AAL Type 5 프로세서는 향후 모든 Type의 data를 수용하는 칩 개발에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 본 논문에서 원할한 테스트를 위해 데이터의 loop back 신호 DLB를 사용했다 VHDL 해석기로는 Synopsys 사의 VHDL Analyzer를 사용하였고, Design Compiler로 회로를 합성하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.113-116
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• 1999

This paper presents a hardware architecture of AAL(ATM Adaptation Layer) type 2 switch. The proposed architecture can assign and configure maximum AAL2 CID limit. AAL2 is the protocol which has been recommended by ITU-T and ATM-Forum for low bit rate delay sensitive services. The architecture assumes 155 Mbps STM-1/STS-3c physical interface, maximum VCC can be 64K connections. It can support maximum 16,384M AAL2 connections. For efficient use of peripheral memory, a concept of segment address was proposed. The proposed AAL2 switch hardware architecture can be used in ATM network as a standalone server or embedded module in a ATM switching system.