• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 1999

During the previous several decades the osseointegrated implants have been considered as the most ideal therapy for the fully edentulous or partially edentulous patients. Although the research on the biocompatibility of osseointegration, the oral tactile function, and the histo-neurologic study had been performed, the change of the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time of implant prostheses has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implant pros-theses to natural teeth according to the specific postinsertion time intervals. The fifty seven patients treated with $Br{\aa}nemark$ implants during the recent seven years were involved in this study. The oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force were measured according to the postinsertion time (${\leqq}6\;months,\;{\leqq}12\;{\leqq}\;18\;months\;{\leqq}\;24\;months,\;and\;{\geqq}20\;months$) 1. The passive tactile threshold of implants was higher than 6-7 times when comparing to natural teeth(P<0.05) 2. The absolute pressure threshold in horizontal and vertical direction for the passive tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the post insertion time 13-18 months group and had increased significantly in the post insertion time over 25 months group (P<0.05) 3. 50% limit thickness and 100% absolute thickness for the active tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the postinsertion time 7-12 months group ($AT_{50}:P<0.005,\;AT_{100}:P<0.05$) 4. The maximal occlusal force of the implants prostheses had decreased when comparing with natural teeth in the postinsertion time 1-6 months group(P<0.05) and after that there was no significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth(P<0.05) 5. Maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time had increased significantly in the 13-18 months group (P<0.05) after that there was no significant difference. 6. There was positive correlation between age and oral tactile sensibility tested in horizontal and vertical direction ($P_{H:r}=0.39,\;P_{v:r}=0.41$) and there was no correlation between age and maximal occlusal force, age and active tactile sensibility 7. According to the results or the questionnaire, 76.6% of the patients were satisfied with the function and 96.7% of the patients were satisfied with the sensibility. In conclusion oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implants have changed with the postinsertion time. Oral tactile function of implants was lower than that of the natural teeth, but for the maximal occlusal force there was no difference between implants and natural teeth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

In this paper, we use the Raman spectra measured from platelet to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease(AD). The Raman spectra used in the experiments were preprocessed with the following method and then fed into the classifier. The first step of the preprocessing is a simple smoothing followed by background elimination to the original spectra to make it easy to measure the intensity of the peaks. The last step of the preprocessing was peak alignment with the reference peak. After the inspection of the preprocessed spectra, we found that proportion of two peak intensity at 743 and 757 $cm^{-1}$ and peak intensity at 1658 $cm^{-1}$ are the most discriminative features. Then we apply mapstd method for normalization. The method returned data with means to 0 and deviation to 1. With these two features, the classification result involving 278 spectra showed about 95.5% true classification in case of MLP(multi-layer perceptron). It means that the Raman spectra measured from platelet would be effectively used to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.65-79
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• 2024

Background: Exhaled condensates contain inflammatory biomarkers; however, their roles in the clinical field have been under-investigated. Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects admitted to pulmonology clinics. We collected exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and analysed the levels of six and 12 biomarkers using conventional and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: Among the 123 subjects, healthy controls constituted the largest group (81 participants; 65.9%), followed by the preserved ratio impaired spirometry group (21 patients; 17.1%) and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group (21 patients; 17.1%). In COPD patients, platelet derived growth factor-AA exhibited strong positive correlations with COPD assessment test (ρ=0.5926, p=0.0423) and COPD-specific version of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) score (total, ρ=0.6725, p=0.0166; activity, ρ=0.7176, p=0.0086; and impacts, ρ=0.6151, p=0.0333). Granzyme B showed strong positive correlations with SGRQ-C score (symptoms, ρ=0.6078, p=0.0360; and impacts, ρ=0.6007, p=0.0389). Interleukin 6 exhibited a strong positive correlation with SGRQ-C score (activity, ρ=0.4671, p=0.0378). The absolute serum eosinophil and basophil counts showed positive correlations with pro-collagen I alpha 1 (ρ=0.6735, p=0.0164 and ρ=0.6295, p=0.0283, respectively). In healthy subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity demonstrated significant correlation with CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (ρ=0.3897 and p=0.0068). FEV₁ exhibited significant correlation with CCL11/eotaxin (ρ=0.4445 and p=0.0017). Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers in EBC might be useful to predict quality of life concerning respiratory symptoms and serologic markers. Further studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2004

In the manufacture progress of LCD or semiconductor, there are used many kinds of gas like erosion gas, dilution gas, toxic gas as a progress which used these gas there are required high puritize to increase accumulation rate of semiconductor or LCD materials work progress of semiconductor or LCD it demand many things like the material which could minimize metallic dust that could be occured by reaction between gas and transfer pipe laying material, illumination of the surface, emition of the gas, metal liquation, welding etc also demand quality geting stricted. Material-Low-sulfur-contend (0.007-0010), vacuum-arc-remelt(VAR), seamless, high-purity tubing material is recommend for enhance welding lower surface defect density All wetted stainless steel surface must be 316LSS elecrto polishinged with ${\leq}0.254{\mu}m$($10.0{\mu}in$) Ra average surface finish, $Cr/Fe{\geq}1.1$ and $Cr_2O_3$ thickness ${\geq}25{\AA}$ From the AES analytical the oxide layer thickness (23.5~36 angstroms silicon dioxide equivalent) and chromum to iron ratios is similar to those generally found on electropolished stainless steel., molybdenum and silicon contaminants ; elements characteristic of stainless steel (iron, nickel and chromium); and oxygen were found on the surface Phosphorus and nitrogen are common contaminants from the electropolish and passivation steps.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2001

Litter size has been one of the important economic traits in porcine reproduction. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been shown to mediate actions of the steroid hormone or to synergize with other endocrine factors so that it consequently plays roles in reproductive processes, including ovulation, implantation, maintenance of pregnancy, and fetal development. However, the effect of the serum IGF system on porcine litter size has not been deeply studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to relate serum IFG-II concentration and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression with porcine litter size. Moreover, the possible association of those with estrogen receptor (ER) as a candidate gene for litter size was investigated. Swine were separated into two groups showing high and low litter sizes, and sera were collected from sows in the estrous cycle to postnatal growth of their female progeny. Serum IFG-II concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay and IGFBP-3 expression was detected by Western ligand blotting. During the estrous cycle, IGFBP-3 expression in both groups decreased moderately from metestrus to estrus, but IFG-II concentration showed a reverse pattern. Also, IFG-II concentration and IGFBP-3 expression decreased gradually as pregnancy proceeded. Unlike IGFBP-3, IFG-II decreased moderately as newborn pigs grew. Significant differences in serum IFG-II amount between the two groups were detected at 60 (p<0.01), 75, 90, and 105 d (p<0.05) of pregnancy and at 60 (p<0.01), 45, and 105 d (p<0.05) of postnatal growth. Furthermore, based on ER genotypes, a high litter size group with genotypes AB and BB showed lower IFG-II concentration than a low litter size group with a genotype AA during pregnancy. Taken together, the results indicate that the serum IFG-II and IGFBP-3 are correlated with the litter size in pigs.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.353-356
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• 2012

We present new constraints on the cosmic optical background (COB) obtained from an analysis of the Pioneer 10/11 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP) data. After careful examination of the data quality, the usable measurements free from the zodiacal light are integrated into sky maps at the blue (${\sim}0.44{\mu}m$) and red (${\sim}0.64{\mu}m$) bands. Accurate starlight subtraction was achieved by referring to all-sky star catalogs and a Galactic stellar population synthesis model down to 32.0 mag. We find that the residual light is separated into two components: one component shows a clear correlation with the thermal $100{\mu}m$ brightness, whilst the other shows a constant level in the lowest $100{\mu}m$ brightness region. The presence of the second component is significant after all the uncertainties and possible residual light in the Galaxy are taken into account, thus it most likely has an extragalactic origin (i.e., the COB). The derived COB brightness is ($(1.8{\pm}0.9){\times}10^{-9}$ and $(1.2{\pm}0.9){\times}10^{-9}\;erg\;s^{-1}\;cm^{-2}\;sr^{-1}\;{\AA}^{-1}$ in the blue and red spectral regions, respectively, or $7.9{\pm}4.0$ and $7.7{\pm}5.8\;nW\;m^{-2}\;sr^{-1}$. Based on a comparison with the integrated brightness of galaxies, we conclude that the bulk of the COB is comprised of normal galaxies which have already been resolved by the current deepest observations. There seems to be little room for contributions from other populations including "first stars" at these wavelengths. On the other hand, the first component of the IPP residual light represents the diffuse Galactic light (DGL)-scattered starlight by the interstellar dust. We derive the mean DGL-to-$100{\mu}m$ brightness ratios of $2.1{\times}10^{-3}$ and $4.6{\times}10^{-3}$ at the two bands, which are roughly consistent with previous observations toward denser dust regions. Extended red emission in the diffuse interstellar medium is also confirmed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.814-820
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• 2016

FtsZ, a tubulin homologue, is an essential protein of the Z-ring assembly in bacterial cell division. It consists of two domains, the N-terminal and C-terminal core domains, and has a conserved C-terminal tail region. Lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments and several Z-ring associated proteins (Zaps) are necessary for modulating Z-ring formation. ZapD, one of the positive regulators of Z-ring assembly, directly binds to the C-terminal tail of FtsZ and promotes stable Z-ring formation during cytokinesis. To gain structural and functional insights into how ZapD interacts with the C-terminal tail of FtsZ, we solved two crystal structures of ZapD proteins from Salmonella typhimurium (StZapD) and Escherichia coli (EcZapD) at a 2.6 and $3.1{\AA}$ resolution, respectively. Several conserved residues are clustered on the concave sides of the StZapD and EcZapD dimers, the suggested FtsZ binding site. Modeled structures of EcZapD-EcFtsZ and subsequent binding studies using bio-layer interferometry also identified the EcFtsZ binding site on EcZapD. The structural insights and the results of bio-layer interferometry assays suggest that the two FtsZ binding sites of ZapD dimer might be responsible for the binding of ZapD dimer to two protofilaments to hold them together.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1994

As it has been reported that the depolarization induced acetylcholine(ACh) release is modulated by activation of presynaptic $A_1-adenosine$ heteroreceptor and various lines of evidence indicate the $A_2-receptor$ is present In hippocampus, this study was undertaken to delineate the role of adenosine receptors on hippocampal ACh release. Slices from the rat hippocampus were equilibrated with $[^3H]-choline$ and the release of the labelled product, $[^3H]-ACh$, which evoked by electrical stimulation(3 Hz, $5\;Vcm^{-1}$, 2 ms, rectangular pulses) was measured, and the influence of various agents on the evoked tritium outflow was Investigated. Adenosine$(0.3{\sim}100\;{\mu}M)$ and CPA$(0.1{\sim}30\;{\mu}M)$ decreased the $[^3H]-ACh$ release in a dose-dependent manner without changing the basal rate of release. DPCPX$(1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$, a selective $A_1-receptor$, antagonist, increased the $[^3H]-ACh$ release in a dose related fashion with slight increase of basal tritium release. And the effects of adenosine and CPA were significantly inhibited by $DPCPX(2\;{\mu}M)$ treatment. CPCA, a specific $A_2-agonist$, in concentration ranging from 0.3 to 30 ${\mu}M$, decreased the evoked tritium outflow, and these effects were also abolished by $DPCPX(2\;{\mu}M)$ treatment. But the CPCA effects were not affected by $DMPX(2\;{\mu}M)$, a specific Aa-antagonist, treatment. However, CGS 21680c, a recently introduced potent $A_2-agonist$, in concentration ranging from 0.1 to $10{\mu}M$, did not alter the evoked tritium outflow. These results indicate that the decrement of the evoked ACh release by adenosine is mediated by $A_1-heteroreceptor$, but $A_2-adenosine$ receptor is not involved in ACh release in the rat hippocampus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1972

There are some repels in which they studied on the change of acid-consuming capacity of aluminium hydroxide resulted from the passing of time. However, the relationship between grain sizes(particle sizes) and the acid-consuming capacity of dried aluminium hydroxide gel was not been studied. And studies on the grain sizes of aluminium hydroxide gel qualified by pharmacopoeia of Korea has not been reported. For the purpose of studying these two problems, the author prepared two-kinds of aluminium hydroxide gel as follows : $Na_2OAl_2O_3+CO_2------{\longrightarrow}Al(OH)_3{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}$sample 1 $Al_2(SO_4)_318H_2O+6NaHCO_3{\longrightarrow}Al(OH)_3{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}$sample 2 Both of sample 1 and 2 are found to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction methods, and their acid-consuming capacities were determined by the method of pharmacopeia of Korea. The grain size was measured by X-ray diffraction method, the particle sizes observed by electron microscopy, and the change of acid-consuming capacity with passing of time was determined by the method of pharmacopoeia of Korea. The results of these studies are summerized as follows: 1. The grain size was linearly enlarged as the time goes by. The aluminium hydroxide gel gradually crystallized in a certain period of time. 2. The acid-consuming capacity was in exponential function, decreased as the grain size of them enlarged. 3. One particle consists of tens of grains.4. Grinding the Sample obtained in any period of testing time in mortar did not change both their grain size and their acid-consuming capacity. 5. The grain size of dried aluminium hydroxide gel ought to be micronized less than $100{\AA}$ for maintaining the ability such as consumes 250m1 of 0. 1N-HC1 solution per Is of $Al(OH)_3$ described in pharmacopoeia of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 2016

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) gene plays an important role in the biosynthesis process controlled by a number of fatty acid transcription factors. This study investigates the relationships between 130 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene and the fatty acid composition of muscle fat in the commercial population of Korean native cattle. We identified 38 SNPs and verified relationships between 3 SNPs (g.1159-71208 A>G, g.42555-29812 G>A, and g.72362 G>T) and the fatty acid composition of commercial Korean native cattle (n = 513). Cattle with the AA genotype of g.1159-71208 A>G and the GG genotype of g.42555-29812 G>A and g.72362 G>T had higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and carcass traits (p<0.05). The results revealed that the 3 identified SNPs in the $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene affected fatty acid composition and carcass traits, suggesting that these 3 SNPs may improve the flavor and quality of beef in commercial Korean native cattle.