• Title/Summary/Keyword: A375-S2

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Theoretical Design for the Production of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in a Closed Plant Factory

  • Bae, Jong Hyang;Austin, Jirapa;Jeon, Yoon-A;Cha, Mi-Kyung;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.840-844
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    • 2016
  • Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop with high nutritional value. The leaves and sprouts of quinoa can also be consumed either raw or cooked, providing considerably nutritional value as well as high antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study was carried out to obtain basic data to assist in the practical design of a plant factory with artificial lighting for the cultivation of quinoa as a leafy vegetable. We estimated the energy content of the quinoa and the electrical energy required to produce this crop. The yield was 1,000 plants per day, with a planting density and light intensity of $0.015m^2$ ($15{\times}10cm$) and $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The total number of plants, cultivation area, and electricity consumption were estimated to be 25,000, $375m^2$, and $93,750{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. White fluorescent lamps were used at a power of 20.4 kW from 1,857 fluorescent lamps (FL, 55 W), and the cost for electricity was approximately 1,820 dollars (exchange rate of $1 = 1,200 won) per month. For a daily harvest of 1,000 plants per day in a closed plant factory, the estimated light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost would be 15,473, 46,421, and 55,704 dollars, respectively. The calculated production cost per plant, including labor costs, would be 27 cents for the 25-day cultivation period, with a marketable ratio of 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, income, and depreciation costs, the selling price per plant was estimated to be approximately 56 cents.

A Numerical Design and Feasibility Study of Self-Wastage Experiment Using Simulant Material in a Sodium Fast Reactor

  • Jang, Sunghyon;Takata, Takashi;Yamaguchi, Akira
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.368-375
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    • 2016
  • A sodiume-water reaction takes place when high-pressured water vapor leaks into sodium through a tiny defect on the surface of the heat transfer tube in a steam generator of the sodium-cooled fast reactor. The sodiume-water reaction brings deterioration of the mechanical strength of the heat transfer tube at the initial leakage site. As a result, it damages the crack itself, which may eventually enlarge into a larger opening. This self-enlargement is called "self-wastage phenomenon." In this study, a simulant experiment was proposed to reproduce the self-enlargement of a crack and to evaluate the mechanism of the self-wastage. The damage on the surface of the crack was simulated by making the neutralization reaction with hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution. A numerical investigation was carried out to validate the feasibility of the approach and to determine experimental conditions. From the computation results, it is observed that when 5M HCl is injected into 5M of NaOH with 0.05 m/s inlet velocity, the temperature at the surface near the crack increased over 319.26 K. The computational results show that the self-wastage phenomenon is capable of being reproduced by the simulant experiment.

Proteomic Analysis of Protein Expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Response to Temperature Shift

  • Lee Myoung-Ro;Bae Song-Mee;Kim Tong-Soo;Lee Kwang-Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.375-382
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    • 2006
  • From its initial colonization to causation of disease, Streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved strategies to cope with a number of stressful in vivo environmental conditions. In order to analyze a global view of this organism's response to heat shock, we established a 2-D electrophoresis proteome map of the S. pneumoniae D39 soluble proteins under in vitro culture conditions and performed the comparative proteome analysis to a 37 to $42^{\circ}C$ temperature up-shift in S. pneumoniae. When the temperature of an exponentially growing S. pneumoniae D39 culture was raised to $42^{\circ}C$, the expression level of 25 proteins showed changes when compared to the control. Among these 25 proteins, 12 were identified by MALDI-TOF and LC-coupled ESI MS/MS. The identified proteins were shown to be involved in the general stress response, energy metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis pathways, and purine metabolism. These results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of adaptation to heat shock by S. pneumoniae and may facilitate the assessment of a possible role for these proteins in the physiology and pathogenesis of this pathogen.

Macronutrient Intake and Blood Pressure of Adolescents in Rural Korea (청소년기의 열량영양소 섭취양상과 혈압)

  • Kim, Young-Ok;Suh, Il;Nam, Chung-Mo;Kim, Suk-Il;Park, Im-Soo;Ahn, Hong-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.366-375
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    • 1996
  • The effect of carbohydrates, fat and protein consumption on the blood pressure of adolescents was investigated from the cross sectional data. The two major areas of inquiry were : 1)measuring the variation of blood pressure at various levels of macronutient intake. 2)measuring the relative importance between the factor of nutrient intake and physical growth. A total of 726 students(341 boys and 385 girls) in the first grade of middle school in Kangwha country were studied for their dietary consumption and physical growth as well as blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used as the analytical method to identify the relative importance between the factors. Besides the macronutrient consumption, other nutrients such as vitamin and mineral intakes were included in the regression model. The results showed a variation of blood pressure by macronutrient intake level was in consistant both in blood pressure and by gender. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing protein intake for girls(p<0.05). However, it was not observed in the case of boys. The systolic blood pressure of boys showed a tendency to decrease with fat intake increase, while their diastolic blood pressure showed the opposite trend. Results of the regression analysis showed that physical growth was a more influential factor than nutrition on blood pressure for both sexes. This could imply that the dietary hypertension factors observed in adults may not be operative generally in a population with normotensive blood pressure during growth.

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Induction of Apoptosis in HT-29 Human Colorectal Cancer by Aloin (인간 대장암 세포 HT-29에서 Aloin에 의한 Apoptosis 유도)

  • Yoo, Eun-Seon;Woo, Joong-Seok;Kim, Sung-Hyun;Lee, Jae-Han;Han, So-Hee;Jung, Soo-Hyun;Park, Young-Seok;Kim, Byeong-Soo;Kim, Sang-Ki;Park, Byung-Kwon;Jung, Ji-Youn
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.495-501
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    • 2019
  • Aloin [1,8-Dihydroxy-10-(${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone], is a natural anthraquinone from aloe. It has been shown to have antioxidant and anticancer effects in various types of human cancer cells, but the anticancer effects of aloin in human colorectal cancer cells HT-29 have not been elucidated. In this study, possible mechanisms by which aloin exerts its apoptotic action in cultured human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells were investigated. The results of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay shows that treatment with aloin (0, 100, 200, 300 and $400{\mu}M$) reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner in HT-29 and showed no effects on cell proliferation in A375SM and AGS cells. In addition, it was confirmed that apoptotic body was significantly increased as shown by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and increased apoptosis rate by flow cytometry in HT-29 cells treated with aloin (0, 200 and $400{\mu}M$). We confirmed by western blotting that aloin activated Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, -8 and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) were not changed compared with the control. Aloin induced up-regulation of phospho-p38 and down-regulation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Therefore, aloin suppressed the growth inhibitory effects by the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells and has potential as a cancer preventive medicine.

Refractometric Glucose Biosensor Incorporating a Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator in Polymeric Waveguides (수직형 폴리머 마이크로링 공진기 기반의 글루코스 바이오 센서)

  • Kim, Gun-Duk;Son, Keun-Sik;Lee, Hak-Soon;Kim, Ki-Do;Lee, Sang-Shin
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.127-131
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    • 2008
  • A refractometric glucose biosensor incorporating a vertically coupled microring resonator in polymers was proposed and realized. The ring was covered with a target analyte of glucose solution with a certain concentration, so that its effective refractive index could be altered and, as a result, the resonance wavelength of the sensor was shifted. Therefore the concentration of the glucose solution can be estimated by observing the shift in the resonance wavelength. Two schemes were exploited for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor. First, the effective refractive index of the polymeric waveguide used for the resonator sensor was adjusted to approach that of the target analyte as best as possible. Second, the ring waveguide, which serves as a crucial sensing part, was appropriately over-etched to enlarge its contact area with the analyte. The proposed resonator sensor was designed with the beam propagation method. The refractive indices of the core and cladding polymer involved were 1.430 and 1.375 respectively, leading to the waveguide's effective refractive index of ${\sim}1.390$, which is faiirly close to that of the glucose solution of ${\sim}1.333$. The prepared ring resonator with the $400-{\mu}m$ radius exhibited the free spectral range of 0.66 nm, the bandwidth of 0.15 nm, and the quality factor of 10,000. For the sensor operating at 1,550 nm wavelength, the achieved sensitivity was as great as 0.28 pm/(mg/dL), which is equivalent to 200 nm/RIU.

Breast Density and Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

  • Bae, Jong-Myon;Kim, Eun Hee
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.367-375
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted. Results: Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; $I^2=50.0%$). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47). Conclusions: In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.

Evacuation Safety Evaluation of Tourist Hotels with the Fire Alarm Method

  • Moon, Sung-Chun;Kong, Ha-Sung
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.363-375
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety of evacuation using the Pathfinder program for the alert at once, the priority alarm method, the priority alarm method for the four floors above, and the sequential priority alarm method, which is a modification of the priority alarm method specified in the tourist hotel building. Currently, in Korea's National Fire Safety Codes (NFSC), fire alarm methods are compulsorily applied differently depending on the number of floors and total floor area of a building. Although the growth rate is getting faster due to the diversification of building structures, it is still an obstacle to improving evacuation safety to comply with the standardized fire alarm method in NFSC. As a result of the experiment, the evacuation time was found to be faster with the priority alarm method for the four floors above than the priority alarm method applied to the specific firefighting object. Compared to the priority alarm method applied to the tourist hotel, which is a specific firefighting target with 5 or more floors and a total floor area of more than 3,000m2, the time was shortened by 3.7 seconds when measured by applying the priority alarm method for the four floors directly above. This indicates that it is necessary to take measures to select a fire alarm method suitable for the structure and environmental conditions of the building rather than applying the uniform NFSC regulations.

Feed-Forward Compensation Technique in Stationary Reference Frame for the Enhanced Disturbance Rejection Performance in Parallel Operation of Double-Conversion UPSs (이중 변환 UPS의 병렬 운전 시 외란 저감 성능 향상을 위한 정지 좌표계 상의 전향 보상 기법)

  • Ryu, Hyo-Jun;Yoon, Young-Doo;Mo, Jae-Sung;Choi, Seung-Cheol;Woo, Tae-Gyeom
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.367-375
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    • 2022
  • Generally, a proportional-resonant controller is used to eliminate steady-state errors during the voltage-current control of a double-conversion uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in a stationary reference frame. Additionally, the feed-forward control compensating for the load current, which can be considered a disturbance of the voltage controller, can be used to improve the disturbance rejection performance. However, during the parallel operation of UPSs, circulating current can occur between UPS modules when performing both feed-forward control and droop control because feed-forward control reduces the circulating current impedance. This study proposes a feed-forward compensation technique that considers the impedance of circulating current. An additional feed-forward compensation technique is developed to enhance the disturbance rejection performance. The validity of the proposed feed-forward compensation technique is verified by the experiment results of the parallel operation of a 500 W double-conversion UPS module.

Organ Induction by Combined Dose of bFGF and HGF in Animal Cap Assay of Early Xenopus laevis Embryos. (Xenopus laevis 초기 배의 동물극 분리배양에서 bFGF와 HGF 혼합처리에 의한 기관유도)

  • 진정효;윤춘식;이호선;박용욱;정선우
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.375-384
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    • 2004
  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to induce multiple functions in early development, including mesoderm formation, gastrulation movement and antero-posterior patterning. The induction of mesoderm from Xenopus presumptive ectoderm and the combination effect on inducing organs of bFGF(basic FGF) and HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) were studied. Explants were cultured in the combined solution for 3 days to normal embryo arrive at St. 43. These effects on combined dose were examined by histological experiment and by immunohistochemical method. The concentrations of growth factors were tested in 0, 0.5, 1, 10 and also tested in 50 ng/ml of bFGF, and 0, 1, 10, 50 and 100ng/ml of HGF respectively. The synergistic effects were seen in the combined-dose of bFGF and HGF rather than in single dose. Various organs were differentiated and highest inducing effects were seen at the combined concentration of 1 ng/ml of bFGF and 10ng/ml of HGF, and at the concentration 10ng/ml of bFGF and 1 ng/ml of HGF. The bFGF induces various organs from cultured animal cap explants and the effects are time and dose-dependent. HGF is also a potent mitogen for renal tubular cells and for mature hepatocytes in primary culture. Eyes were developed in high percentage at the combined concentration of 1 and 10ng/ml of bFGF, and 1 and 10 ng/ml of HGF. From the induced eye and normal embryonic eye, RPE65 was commonly detected by monoclonal antibodies 40All and 25F5 and the localization of RPE65 was seen by AP reaction.