• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2015

In this paper, we introduce a wireless package system based on the amateur radio HR(HAM Radio) and satellite communication as a novel wireless disaster communication system and have configured a interference scenario receiving interference from adjacent base stations and D2D groups in the disaster network. In such interference scenarios, we propose a frequency re-allocation method to avoid interference and communicate with disaster networks by securing the channel capacity required between D2D terminals. As a result of computer simulation, we can find the proposed method has improved BED performance of a gain of 1.5dB and overall system throughput than conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2011

국제기구인 정부간 기후변화협의체(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 이하 IPCC)에서는 기후변화가 기온 상승에 따른 증발산량의 증가, 강수량 및 유출량의 시공간적 분포의 변동 등을 초래하여 수자원의 효율적 관리 및 안정적인 공급에 어려움을 증대시킬 것으로 전망하였다. 또한 IPCC 4차 보고서에 따르면 21세기말 지구의 평균기온은 현재보다 최대 $6.3^{\circ}C$정도 더 상승할 것으로 전망하였다. 전구평균기온이 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 증가할 경우 아시아에서만 연간 700만 명이상이 홍수피해 위기에 직면할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 국내의 경우 기온은 전구평균기온에 비해 2배 이상 높은 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하였으며, 최근 50년간의 강우일수는 감소한 반면 일강수량이 80mm 이상인 호우일수의 발생빈도는 증가되고 있다고 보고되었다. 또한 최근의 물수지 해석과 관련하여 거시적인 관점에서 기온 및 강수량 증가에 따른 물순환 과정을 모의하고, 농업용수, 댐건설, 도시화, 토지이용의 변화 등 인위적인 환경 변화 및 기후변화에 따른 유출량의 변화를 정량화하려는 연구들이 수행되고 있다(한국건설기술원, 2007). 이를 위하여 단기적이 아니라 장기적인 측면에서 유출분석을 할 필요가 있으나, 현재까지 보유하고 있는 실측 자료의 한계 및 이러한 조사를 위해 요구되는 시간 및 비용의 한계 때문에, 유출해석 모형을 주로 이용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 장래 건설예정인 미계측 호소의 유량과 수질을 모의하기 위하여 하천, 하구, 호소 및 해역에 고루 적용할 수 있는 3차원 수리 동력학적인 모델인 EFDC 모형과 시간의 변화에 따른 수질을 모의하는데 가장 널리 이용하는 WASP 모형을 도입하였다. 향후, 내성천의 영주댐 건설과 같은 큰 변화가 발생하였을 기후 변화의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 EFDC와 WASP모형을 이용하여 대상유역에 대한 유출량과 수온의 변화를 통하여 A2, B1 기후변화 시나리오별로 2020년, 2050년, 2080년의 수질(BOD, TN, TP)변화를 분석하여 보았다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. EFDC 및 WASP 모형의 연계를 통한 기후 변화 시나리오에 따른 미래의 저수지 수질예측 모의를 수행한 결과, BOD, TN, TP 등 수질농도 변화는 2020년에서 2080년도로 갈수록 BOD, TN 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, TP농도는 감소하였다. 시나리오별 변화 특성은 TN, TP 농도는 A2 시나리오가 다소 높고, BOD 농도는 B1 시나리오가 A2보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. EFDC와 WASP을 이용하여 미계측 호소에 대한 기후변화 시나리오별로 적용하여 수질변화를 예측하여 보았는데, 향후 기후변화에 따른 기온, 유량변화와 수질 항목간의 상간관계 정립 및 수질 모의의 불확실성 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

In the case of residential facilities, general fire scenarios cannot be applied. Becauseit is difficult to quantify due to the types of combustibles and various fire loads. Existing research conducting surveys of combustibles, but research on fire characteristics is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, an Excel macro that can be quantified by experimenting with the HRR experiments of sofa, drawer, mattress, chair, desk and TV, which are typical combustibles. As a result of experimenting 6 loading combustibles in domestic residential facilities by using a furniture calorimeter, values of 2,391.26kW appeared from the sofa, 1,891.80kW from the drawer, 1,778.95kW from the mattress, 1,104kW from the chair, 291kW from the desk, and 135.09kW from the TV. Also, by applying the α value of the fire growth rate by classifying fire-growing speeds at NFPA 72 (National Fire Alarm Code 2007, Annex B), the mattress can be defined as Very Fast, the sofa and drawer Fast, the TV Slow, the desk Slow, and the chair Medium.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.209-221
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on the nonpoint source pollution in a small watershed using a mid-range model. The study area is a basin in a rural area that covers 384 ha with a composition of 50% forest and 19% paddy. The hydrologic and water quality data were monitored from 1996 to 2004, and the feasibility of the GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading function) model was examined in the agricultural small watershed using the data obtained from the study area. As one of the studies on climate change, KEI (Korea Environment Institute) has presented the monthly variation ratio of rainfall in Korea based on the climate change scenario for rainfall and temperature. These values and observed daily rainfall data of forty-one years from 1964 to 2004 in Suwon were used to generate daily weather data using the stochastic weather generator model (WGEN). Stream runoff was calibrated by the data of $1996{\sim}1999$ and was verified in $2002{\sim}2004$. The results were determination coeff, ($R^2$) of $0.70{\sim}0.91$ and root mean square error (RMSE) of $2.11{\sim}5.71$. Water quality simulation for SS, TN and TP showed $R^2$ values of 0.58, 0.47 and 0.62, respectively, The results for the impact of climate change on nonpoint source pollution show that if the factors of watershed are maintained as in the present circumstances, pollutant TN loads and TP would be expected to increase remarkably for the rainy season in the next fifty years.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.85-97
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• 2009

Continuous increase of traffic demand has caused confirmed congestion, fuel consumption, emission, safety, etc. as serious social problems at the present time. The Smart Highway Project has been conducted by the supervision of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affaire to solve such problems since 2007. The Smart Highway Project includes LDWS (Lane Departure Warning System), a system to prevent broadside collisions and accidents, as a sub-technology of road-vehicle associating technologies. This system warns drivers when their vehicle deviates from the lane where they are traveling at high-speed on the highway. In this paper, the LDWS was evaluated using CBA to analyze the socio-economic consequences. Estimated benefits include reduction of accidents and convenience of drivers. In addition, the economics according to the distribution rate is various when it comes to Lane Departure Warning Technology, the economics of both cases - positive scenario and negative scenario, which was analyzed. As a result, the Benefit-Cost ratio(B/C) of negative scenario showed 0.97 in 2020 and 1.36 in 2030 while B/C ratio of the positive scenario showed 1.04 in 2020 and 1.59 in 2030, which indicated that the higher distribution rate is, the higher the economics generates. Therefore, it is judged that the introduction of Lane Departure Warning Technology will result in high economics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2012

기후변화가 수자원에 미치는 영향을 예측하는 데에 널리 사용되는 GCMs (General Circulation Models)는 모의 결과의 시 공간적 해상도가 낮기 때문에 상세화 (Downscaling) 기법을 거쳐 수문 모형에 적용된다. 상세화 기법은 크게 역학적 상세화 (Dynamical downscaling)와 통계적 상세화 (Statistical downscaling)로 구분되며, 종류가 매우 다양하고 각각의 모의 능력에 차이가 있으므로 적절한 기법을 선택할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 통계적 상세화 기법 중 인공신경망과 LARS-WG 모형을 활용하여 CGCM3.1 T63의 모의 결과를 상세화하고, 두 모형의 모의 결과를 비교하는 데에 있다. 인공신경망은 비선형함수에 의한 전이함수 모형인 반면 LARS-WG는 추계학적 기상 발생기 모형으로, 각 모형을 이용해 CGCM3.1 T63의 강수량 및 평균기온 모의 결과를 서울 지역에 대해 공간적으로 상세화하였다. 모형의 검 보정은 1971년부터 2000년까지 30년 동안의 서울 관측소 일 기상 자료와 CGCM3.1 T63 (20C3M 시나리오) 모의 결과를 이용하여 수행하였다. 각 기법의 비교 및 평가는 2001년부터 2011년까지 11년 동안의 일 기상 자료와 CGCM3.1 T63 (IPCC SRES A1B 시나리오) 모의 결과를 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 인공신경망 모형은 입력 자료의 형태에 따라 모의 결과가 크게 달라지는 특성을 보였으며, LARS-WG 모형은 강수량을 실제보다 과소 추정하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 강수량과 평균기온만을 대상으로 하였으나, 추후에 다른 기상인자를 고려함으로써 모형의 적용성을 보다 종합적으로 판단할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2023

Ground-level ozone affects human health and plant growth. Ozone is produced by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic and biogenic sources. In this study, two different land cover and emission factor datasets were input to the MEGAN v2.1 emission model to examine how these parameters contribute to the biogenic emissions and ozone production. Four input sensitivity scenarios (A, B, C and D) were generated from land cover and vegetation emission factors combination. The effects of BVOCs emissions by scenario were also investigated. From air quality modeling result using CAMx, maximum 1 hour ozone concentrations were estimated 62 ppb, 60 ppb, 68 ppb, 65 ppb, 55 ppb for scenarios A, B, C, D and E, respectively. For maximum 8 hour ozone concentration, 57 ppb, 56 ppb, 63 ppb, 60 ppb, and 53 ppb were estimated by scenario. The minimum difference by land cover was up to 25 ppb and by emission factor that was up to 35 ppb. From the modeling performance evaluation using ground ozone measurement over the six regions (East Seoul, West Seoul, Incheon, Namyangju, Wonju, and Daegu), the model performed well in terms of the correlation coefficient (0.6 to 0.82). For the 4 urban regions (East Seoul, West Seoul, Incheon, and Namyangju), ozone simulations were not quite sensitive to the change of BVOC emissions. For rural regions (Wonju and Daegu) , however, BVOC emission affected ozone concentration much more than previously mentioned regions, especially in case of scenario C. This implies the importance of biogenic emissions on ozone production over the sub-urban to rural regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

This study developed a growth model for Larix leptolepis based on the WLS model to examine the effects of climate change on them. The site index was chosen as the dependent variable and location, weather, and edaphic factor were chosen as independent variables. Simulations were performed under three A1B climate change scenarios with the temperature ranging from $-3.3^{\circ}C$ to $+3.3^{\circ}C$. The simulation results showed that the site index decreased with peak at $-0.8^{\circ}C$. The decrease level of the site index by region was also analyzed. Each scenario, site index has decreased mostly but some region was increased. When the temperature increased up to $3^{\circ}C$, site index was decreased to everywhere.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2012

To predict the future distribution of forest vegetation, the present forest stand distributions of South Korea were represented by multinomial logit model with the following environmental variables: summer average precipitation, the coldest month average temperature, elevation, degree of base saturation, and soil organic matter. The future forest community was predicted by applying the MIROC3.2 hires A1B scenario. The future climate data were downscaled by statistically method. The coldest month average temperature increased $4.4^{\circ}C$, $6.0^{\circ}C$, and $9.4^{\circ}C$, and 3 months average precipitation changed -1.2%, 5.7%, and 5.3% for 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s respectively. For the projected summer precipitation and the coldest temperature, the future deciduous and mixed forests in the study area increased 56.9% and 8.3% and the coniferous forest decreased 11.2% in 2080s based on present.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.865-881
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• 2010

To evaluate influence of the future climate change on water environment, it is necessary to use a rainfall-runoff model, or a basin model allowing us to simultaneously simulate water quality factors such as sediment and nutrient material. Thus, SWAT is selected as a watershed-based model and Nakdong river basin is chosen as a target basin for this study. To apply climate change scenarios as input data to SWAT, Australian model (CSIRO: Mk3.0, CSMK) and Canadian models (CCCma: CGCM3-T47, CT47) of GCMs are used. Each GCMs which have A2, B1, and A1B scenarios effectively represent the climate characteristics of the Korean peninsula. For detecting climate change in Nakdong river basin, precipitation and temperature, increasing rate of these were analyzed in each scenarios. By simulation results, flow and increasing rate of these were analyzed at particular points which are important in the object basin. Flow and variation of flow in the scenarios for present and future climate changes were compared and analyzed by years, seasons, divided into mid terms. In most of the points temperature and flow rate are increased, because climate change is expected to have a significant effect on rising water temperature and flow rate of river and lake, further on the basis of this study result should set enhancing up water control project of hydraulic structures caused by increasing outer discharge of the Nakdong River Basin due to climate change.