• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

The relationships between morphological structures and residual stress behaviors of polyimide thin films depending on isomeric diamines were investigated. For this study, Poly(phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-PDA) and poly(oxydiphenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-ODA) films were prepared from their isomeric diamines: 1,3-phenylene diamine (1,3-PDA) 1,4-phenylene diamine (1.4-PDA), 3,4'-oxydiphenylene diamine (3,4'-ODA), and 4,4'-oxydiphenylene diamine (4,4'-ODA), respectively. For those films, residual stresses were detected in-situ during thermal imidization of the isomeric polyimide as a function of processing temperature over the range of 25~$400^{\circ}C$ using. Thin Film Stress Analyzer (TFSA). In comparison, residual stress of BPDA-1.4PDA having better in-plain orientation and chain order was the lowest value of 7MPa whereas those of BPDA-1,3-PDA, BPDA-3,4'-ODA, and BPDA-4,4'-ODA were in the range of 40-50MPa. Conclusively, the effect of morphological nature (chain rigidity, chain order, orientation) and chain mobility relating to the g1ass transition behavior on the residual stress of isomeric polyimide thin films wart analyzed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

With the advance of ubiquitous environment, a lot of changes occur in various kinds of applications. The marketing for festivals is not an exception. Due to the needs for changes in the festival marketing, researches about active marketing suitable for ubiquitous environment are increasing. The purpose of this paper is to develop a u-pamphlet based on PDA and QR code. In this paper, we focus on Jeju Jeongweol Daeboreum Fire Festival, shortly Jeju Fire Festival, as a pamphlet content, which is one of the best domestic festivals. When tourists attend Jeju Fire Festival, the proposed u-pamphlet provides various forms of Jeju Fire Festival information either by accessing digital content stored in PDA directly or by interpreting QR code in the Festival area and connecting remote digital content indirectly. In addition, in order to analyze the necessity, the usefulness, the functionality, and the technical barriers of the u-pamphlet, we make a questionnaire after we exhibit our u-pamphlet.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

Different kinds of post-deposition annealing (PDA) by a rapid thermal process (RTP) are used to enhance the field-effect passivation of $Al_2O_3$ film in crystal Si solar cells. To characterize the effects of PDA on $Al_2O_3$ and the interface, metal-insulator semiconductor (MIS) devices were fabricated. The effects of PDA were characterized as functions of RTP temperature from $400{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ and RTP time from 30~120 s. A high temperature PDA can retard the passivation of thin $Al_2O_3$ film in c-Si solar cells. PDA by RTP at $400^{\circ}C$ results in better passivation than a PDA at $400^{\circ}C$ in forming gas ($H_2$ 4% in $N_2$) for 30 minutes. A high thermal budget causes blistering on $Al_2O_3$ film, which degrades its thermal stability and effective lifetime. It is related to the film structure, deposition temperature, thickness of the film, and annealing temperature. RTP shows the possibility of being applied to the PDA of $Al_2O_3$ film. Optimal PDA conditions should be studied for specific $Al_2O_3$ films, considering blistering.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.193-195
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• 2016

The purpose of this report is to introduce persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) with persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Case 1 was a Cocker Spaniel with PRAA and case 2 was a Maltese with PDA. PLCVC was enclosed at the sites of PRAA and PDA surgery; therefore, it was lifted dorsally during PDA and PRAA surgery. Surgery to repair congenital heart defects including PRAA and PDA is recommended for dogs that do not die of PLCVC at a young age.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.370-373
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• 2004

The rapid proliferation of mobile device such as PDA allows users more ubiquitous access to multimedia information. The user mobility provides users a uniform vision of their preferred working environment independently of their current points of attachment. Supporting the user mobility requires the Player capable of efficiently presenting the multimedia contents. MPEC-4 provides not only the description for coding audio and video (as its predecessors MPEG-1 and MPEG-2), but also for coding images, animations, interactivity and protecting content. With MPEG-4, we present interactive media using multiple objects - audio, video, image, 2D geometry, and text - in a single format. Therefore we propose the MPEC-4 Player for PDA. The proposed MPEG-4 Player for PDA supports mobility, portability and personality.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.290-296
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a home care nursing network system for operating home care effectively and efficiently by utilizing a wire-wireless network and mobile computing in order to record and send patients' data in real time, and by combining the headquarter office and the local offices with home care nurses over the Internet. It complements the preceding research from 1999 by adding home care nursing standard guidelines and upgrading the PDA program. Method: Method/l and Prototyping were adopted to develop the main network system. Result: The detailed research process is as follows: 1 )home care nursing standard guidelines for Diabetes, cancer and peritoneal-dialysis were added in 12 domains of nursing problem fields with nursing assessment/intervention algorithms. 2) complementing the PDA program was done by omitting and integrating the home care nursing algorhythm path which is unnecessary and duplicated. Also, upgrading the PDA system was done by utilizing the machinery and tools where the PDA and the data transmission modem are integrated, CDMX-1X base construction, in order to reduce a transmission error or transmission failure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.32-40
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate variation of spark plug protrusion and PDA valve on the exhaust emission in a gasoline engine. Swirl is one of the important parameters that affects the characteristics of combustion. PDA valve has been developed to satisfy requirements of sufficient swirl generation for improving the combustion and reducing of emission level. Also, especially, the variation of spark plug protrusion have an important effect to the early flame propagative process. This is largely due to the high flame speed by short of flame propagation distance. So, this is forced that injection timing, spark timing and intake air motion govern the stable combustion. As a result, using two combustion chamber, without charge of engine specification and the variable spark plug location and PDA valve could be reduced exhaust gas at a part load engine conditions(1500rpm imep 3.9bar, 2000rpm imep 3.2bar, 2400rpm imep 3.9bar).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.448-450
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• 2003

정보화 기기가 소형화 됨에 따라, 언제 어디서나 다양한 고성능의 정보화 기기를 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 환경 하에서 이 기종간의 자유로운 인터페이스의 필요성이 점점 부각되고 있다. 본 논문은 PDA를 이용한 이기종 컴퓨터의 작동과 통신 방법의 제공에 관한 연구 논문이다. 지능형가상작업공간 상에서 각종 정보 기기들은 카메라와 프로젝터를 통해 자신의 뷰를 확장하며 공동작업에 참가하게된다. 이때 PDA를 데스크탑의 입력장치로 사용함으로써 이 기종간의 정보교환을 편리하게 해주며, 이를 이용한 카메라 기반 3D 마우스를 구현함으로써 실용성을 보인다.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.132-137
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• 2016

Based on mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA), a novel technique to fabricate carbon nanowire (CNW) arrays is presented for a possible use of porous carbon electrode in electrochemical energy storage applications. PDA can give more porosity and nitrogen-doping effect to carbon electrodes, since it has high graphitic carbon yield characteristic and rich amine functionalities. Using such outstanding properties, the applicability of PDA for electrochemical energy storage devices was investigated. To achieve this, the decoration of the CNW arrays on carbon fiber surface was performed to increase the surface area for storage of electrical charge and the chemical active sites. Here, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) arrays were hydrothermally grown on the carbon fiber surface and then, PDA was coated on ZnO NWs. Finally, high temperature annealing was performed to carbonize PDA coating layers. For higher energy density, manganese oxide ($MnO_x$) nanoparticles (NPs), were deposited on the carbonized PDA NW arrays. The enlarged surface area induced by carbon nanowire arrays led to a 4.7-fold enhancement in areal capacitance compared to that of bare carbon fibers. The capacitance of nanowire-decorated electrodes reached up to $105.7mF/cm^2$, which is 59 times higher than that of pristine carbon fibers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

Telemedicine uses common technologies that provide a conduit for information exchange between physicians nurses and patients. In addition to patient records, medical professionals can obtain vital signs and other reference data through telemedicine applications. also, recent advancement in RF technology and wireless communications has enabled the development of Ubiquitous networks. Mobile telemedicine involves more than just communicating via mobile phone of PDA that sends and receives medical data on Portable Internet. this paper describes the design of a mobile telemedicine PDA prototype based on Embedded Linux that can be used to monitor the medical information using a single board computer(SBC). This system would be very useful for patients with chronic illness, especially in an emergent environment, and for containing medical cost in the aged society.