• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2024

Background Among the cleft types, bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) generally requires multiple surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development. This study aimed to describe speech outcomes in 5-year-old Korean children with BCLP and examine whether normal speech could be achieved before starting school. Methods The retrospective study analyzed 52 children with complete BCLP who underwent primary palatal surgery at a tertiary medical center. Three speech-language pathologists made perceptual judgments on recordings from a speech follow-up assessment of 5-year-old children. They assessed the children's speech in terms of articulation, speech intelligibility, resonance, and voice using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Korean Modification. Results The results indicated that at the age of five, 65 to 70% of children with BCLP presented articulation and resonance within normal or acceptable ranges. Further, seven children with BCLP (13.5%) needed both additional speech therapy and palatal surgery for persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency and speech problems even at the age of five. Conclusion This study confirmed that routine follow-up speech assessments are essential as a substantial number of children with BCLP require secondary surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.51-54
• /
• 2010

Surgery has a key role in the treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), but the resectability of paraspinal MPNSTs is only 20%. Therefore, spinal MPNSTs show frequent recurrence and poor prognosis. Local recurrence is much more common than metastasis for MPNSTs, and surgery still has a key role in the treatment of local recurrence. Therefore, it is important that recurrence must be detected before resectability is lost. However, no evidence-based follow-up protocol has been established for MPNST. The authors performed gross total resection in a 34-year-old woman presented with thoracic MPNST. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not administered since these adjuvant therapies generally do not improve survival in MPNST and may cause additional neurovascular damage. Instead, the authors monitored the primary site every 3 months using magnetic resonance imaging to detect local recurrence at the earliest opportunity. The tumor recurred locally on two occasions without overt symptoms at 21 and 24 months postoperatively. These recurrences were treated successfully by gross total removal.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2017

An 11-year-old neutered male Maltese presented for radiation therapy for nasal transitional cell carcinoma. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was provided for the owner's request. Clinical signs improved 6 days after radiation therapy. Adverse effects including alopecia and pigmentation on the facial region were observed at 21 days after radiation therapy. The first follow-up computed tomography (CT) 96 days after SBRT revealed that the nasal tumor had decreased by 60.63% compared with the pre-treatment volume. Clinical signs related with the tumor reassigned 151 days after SBRT, and the second follow-up CT revealed tumor relapse. The patient was died 238 days after SBRT due to tumor relapse. SBRT showed a good tumor control effect with relatively mild radiation toxicity relative to other radiation therapy modalities, in accordance with a previous study. Further studies are needed to establish an effective treatment protocol, such as total dose, fractional dose, and inter-fractional period, in canine malignant nasal tumors.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2007

Background : Hot flushes are general postmenopausal symptoms which about 75% of climacteric women undergo. They affect hotness, perspirations, systemic weakness, panic disorders, insomnia. Acupuncture is effective in alleviating hot flushes in practice. Assessment effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in hot flushes would be needed through multi-center trial. Objectives : Purpose of this study is to develope the protocol of effects of acupuncture on hot flushes, a postmenopausal symptom in climacteric women. Methods & Results : It will be a multi-centered, randomized, sham controlled, comparative trial. It will be performed by Good Clinical Practice after approval of Institutional Review Board. Selection criteria will be set according those of FDA above moderate degree. There will be a notice on concomitant medication, other herbs, dietary supplements. Superficial needling on sham points will be used for control group. Treatment period will be 8 weeks with 12 weeks' follow up. Some questionnaire scale will be used as the primary and secondary outcome. Conclusions : The clinical trials based on this protocol will be performed.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.235-239
• /
• 2022

Background: The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of training program based on job stress management in NEDSA and line staff. Methods: The study method of this study was quantitative and quasi-experimental research Methods: From the statistical population (all employees of the NEDSA and line staff in 2020-2021), 30 of these people were selected by judgmental sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were first matched based on age and education and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. First, pre-test was taken from both groups (Job Stress Questionnaire). The experimental group was presented with a job stress management training package and no protocol was presented in the control group. After the sessions, post-test was received from both groups (experimental and control). After two months, a follow-up test was performed. Results: The results were entered into SPSS-24 software and analyzed. The results of repeated measure showed high effectiveness of the job stress management package (researcher-made). The results showed that the job stress management training package showed 67.5% effectiveness and also the training effect of job stress management training was stable for two months (follow-up). Conclusion: Based on these results, Training program based on stress management can be effective in military staff.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1995

From Sept. 1986 to Dec. 1992, seventy three cases of Enneking's stage IIB osteosarcoma of extremities, which were proved histologically, took neoadjuvant chemotherapy and completed our protocol. Their average age was 16.7 years(7 to 57). For neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 37 cases took high dose methotrexate(HDMTX)-adriamycin(ADR)-cisplatin(CDDP) regimen(HDMTX group) and 36 cases took ADR-CDDP(ADR-CDDP group). The average follow up was 17 months(2-63). According to Kaplan-Meier's plot, 5-year continuously disease free survival for whole 73 cases of neoadjuvant group was 45.2%, for HDMTX group 68.4%, for ADR-CDDP group 26.6%. There was significant stastical difference between these two groups(p<0.001), with log-rank test. There can be a different survival according to the chemotherapeutic protocols. Better results can be achieved through refined protocol and effective chemotherapeutic agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1127-1130
• /
• 2013

Background: The standard national protocol for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children was implemented in 2006. A systematic evaluation of the treatment outcome is needed. This study examined the relapse-free survival among childhood ALL cases treated with this protocol and related factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in children aged between 0-15 years, newly diagnosed with ALL between March 2006 and March 2011 at Srinagarind Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. The patients were treated on the basis of stratified risk as per the Thai national protocol. Data were compiled from the hospital records. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe relapse-free survival and the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the associated factors. Results: Of the 103 children recruited, 86 (83.5%) achieved complete remission. The total follow-up time was 3132.5 person-months. Eighteen (20.9%) relapsed. The incidence density was 0.6 per 100 person-months (95%CI: 0.4, 0.9). The respective relapse-free rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 93.0% (95%CI: 85.1, 96.8), 84.5% (95%CI: 74.0, 90.9) and 64.1% (95%CI: 45.6, 77.8). A factor associated with the relapse-free rate was age under 1 year (HR=6.0; 95%CI: 1.1, 33.8). Conclusions: The rate of being relapse-free in ALL children treated under the Thai national protocol at Srinagarind Hospital was better than with former protocols; however, it is still not as good as in developed countries. Further review of the treatment approach of ALL is needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Our institution has implemented two different adjuvant protocols in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-CCRT) and sequential postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) followed by postoperative chemotherapy (POCT). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between the two adjuvant protocols. Materials and Methods: From March 1997 to October 2012, 68 patients were treated with CT-CCRT (n = 25) and sequential PORT followed by POCT (RT-CT; n = 43). The CT-CCRT protocol consisted of 2 cycles of cisplatin-based POCT followed by PORT concurrently with 2 cycles of POCT. The RT-CT protocol consisted of PORT followed by 4 cycles of cisplatin-based POCT. PORT was administered using conventional fractionation with a dose of 50.4-60 Gy. We compared the outcomes between the two adjuvant protocols and analyzed the clinical factors affecting survivals. Results: Median follow-up time was 43.9 months (range, 3.2 to 74.0 months), and the 5-year overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 53.9%, 68.2%, and 51.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS (p = 0.074), LRFS (p = 0.094), and DMFS (p = 0.490) between the two protocols. In multivariable analyses, adjuvant protocol remained as a significant prognostic factor for LRFS, favouring CT-CCRT (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.506, p = 0.046) over RT-CT, not for OS (HR = 0.647, p = 0.229). Conclusion: CT-CCRT protocol increased LRFS more than RT-CT protocol in patients with completely resected NSCLC, but not in OS. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of CCRT strategy compared with sequential strategy.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.64-74
• /
• 2013

The aim of this research is to explore the potential of analogy and metaphor as design strategies for supporting the creative design thinking. For the empirical research on analogical and metaphoric process in designing, we conducted design experiments that consist of three different conditions of given items as stimulation for design inspiration: baseline, surrealist paintings, and housing design collections. The results were analyzed using a protocol analysis in order to obtain more systmatic interpretation of the design processes and strategies. As a result, it was noted that students are more apt to read visual information rather than semantic information in the given items. Instead of the representation of their senses or feelings from the paintings, they visualized the analogical images of the paintings for the design representation. However, analogical and metaphoric thinking derived from the given items seem change a designer's perspective, thus bring a novel interpretation on design problems, and eventually more creative and meaningful design ideas. An extended research using one-semester training and observation of the design studio process is introduced as a follow-up study for this paper. This research will investigate the long-term effect of the analogy and metaphor on the design thinking.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2003

목적 : 신생아 수신증은 산전 초음파 시행의 증가와 함께 그 빈도가 증가하고 있는 질환이나 그 자연 경과에 대한 이해의 부족으로 산후의 치료, 특히 수술적 중재에 대한 합의는 아직 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 저자들은 미리 정해진 원안에 따라 추적 관찰 중인 환아들의 경과 관찰을 통해 수술 가능성을 시사하는 조기 검사 결과와 술후 신기능 저하의 위험 인자를 분석하여 수신증의 치료 지침을 정립하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1994년 4월부터 2000년 6월까지 산전초음파 검사에서 수신증이 발견되어 출생 1개월이내 시행한 신초음파 검사에서 진단이 확인된 환아들을 대상으로 하였다. 일측성 수신증을 가진 환아들만을 대상으로 하였으며 방광요관역류를 포함한 요로계 기형이 동반된 환아들은 제외하였다. 128명의 환아의 128 신단위(renal unit)가 대상이 되었으며, 이들 중 12개월 이상 추적관찰이 된 90 신단위만을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 신단위는 생후 3일 이후부터 1개월 이내에 시행한 신초음파 검사의 신우 전후경에 따라 6개의 군으로 나누었으며 경과 추적 관찰 및 수술적 중재는 미리 정해진 원안(set protocol)에 따라 시행하였다. $^{99m}Tc-MAG3$과 신장 초음파 검사를 3, 6, 12개월에 시행하였고 신초음파 검사에서 신우 전후경과 Society for Fetal Urology grade를 측정하였다. 결과 : 초기 APPD가 10 mm 미만인 관에서는 수술을 받은 예가 없었으며 대부분 완해 혹은 호전의 경과를 보였다. APPD 25 mm 이상군에서는 대부분 수술을 받았으며, 초기 APPD가 10-19 mm인 군에서는 12개월에 완해부터 수술까지 다양한 결과를 보였다. 초기 APPD가 10-19 mm인 군에서 pyeloplasty를 시행받은 환아들의 초기 검사소견을 수술을 받지 않은 환아들과 비교하였을 때, 수술을 받게 된 환아들에서는 초기의 SFU 지수가 유의하게 높았으며 신기능곡선의 모양이 폐색의 형태가 주로 보였다. 술후의 신기능을 추적하였을 때, 신기능이 저하된 군에서는 기능이 회복된 군과 비교하여 술전 신기능이 감소하여 있었고, 수술 당시 연령이 증가되어 있었다. 결론 : 초기 신초음파 검사에서 신우 전후경이 10 mm 미만인 경우는 대부분 자연 소실되므로 경과 관찰만 하면 되고, 20 mm 이상인 경우는 대부분 수술이 필요하며, 10-19 mm인 환아들에서 SFU 지수가 높거나 MAG3 스캔에서 폐색을 시사하는 소견이 있을 경우, 신기능의 저하가 진행될 수 있으므로 조기 수술이 신장 기능 보존을 위해 바람직할 것으로 생각되며, 수술 적응증을 상대 신기능 40% 이하로 상향 조정하는 것이 추천된다.