• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1993

The human's biomechanical structure keeps an optimal state by adapting the original biomechanical structure according to a change in the physical environment. This phenomenon is believed to be the main cause of loosening of the total hip replacement which is used widely in these days. In this study the bone density change due to artificial hip joint, which is generally believed as bone-remodeling, was investigated by the finite element method. For this, 2-D FEM models with 4 nodal point elements were constructed for intact and implanted cases. The density was calculated by comparing the relative amounts of effective stress for these two cases. In this way, calculated new density values were used in the next step as input values and this procedure repeated until convergence was obtained. Severe density change was detected at the femoral cortex of the proximal-medial side as expected. Moreover, following surprising result was found from this analysis. Titanium alloy prosthesis showed less density change compared to stainless steel prosthesis at earlier stage, however, almost same amount of the density change was detected at final stage. It was also found that other design parameters could not significantly affect its density change.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.887-895
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• 2014

The study provides baseline data on developing ready-to-wear clothes for adult females in their twenties who have finished shaping their bodies and have realized an ideal shape. We analyzed the data from females aged from 20 to 29 in "The $5^{th}$ Size Korea Survey" and "The $6^{th}$ Size Korea Survey", and sorted body shapes into several types according to drop values before analyzing and comparing the characteristics among groups. We also referred to the change by year in the size of upper inner wear. To classify body shapes, three drop values were assigned for bust girth - waist girth, hip girth - waist girth, hip girth - bust girth; through cluster analysis all data were classified into three body types. Type 1 is more like normal body shapes with small drop values at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build lower body. Type 2 is X-shaped body shaped like a fiddle with big drop values at all parts. Type 3 is Y-shaped body with a big drop value at the bust girth - waist girth and well-build upper body. Type 2, X-shaped body, has the majority of distribution in every year, which proved to be the most idealistic body shape. There was a change in the brassiere cup size. Korean ladies in their twenties have larger breasts. The body shapes of Korean females in their twenties are increasingly like those of westerners. Bust girth is a very critical element to set measurements and design patterns for upper wear; consequently, a change in the size of breasts should be considered.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of composite resins used for splinting teeth by comparing a self-cure resin cement (Superbond C&B, SB), a flowable composite resin (G-aenial Universal Flo A2, GU), and a composite resin exclusively used for splinting teeth (G-Fix, GF) before and after aging in NaOCl. Methods: Resin samples were fabricated to a size of 2 mm thickness and 8.5 mm diameter and light-cured with an LED light curing unit (G-Light, n = 12). Immediately after fabrication, CIE L*a*b* values of the resin samples were measured with a spectrophotometer (CM-5) as baseline. Then, the resin samples were immersed in 5% NaOCl at $60^{\circ}C$ and the color was measured after 23 hours every day for 4 days. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post hoc test (p<0.05), and color differences (${\Delta}E$) of resin samples before and after NaOCl aging were also calculated. Results: For SB, there were no changes in L* and a* values but changes were observed in b* values. For GU, there were no changes in L* and b* values but in a* values. For GF, changes were observed in L*, a*, and b* values. All resin samples showed highest ${\Delta}E$ between baseline and the 1st day of NaOCl immersion. ${\Delta}E$ of SB, GU, and GF was 4.6 - 5.8, 4.9 - 7.9, and 9.9 - 16.9, respectively. GF showed highest color change during NaOCl aging. Conclusion: The results of this color quality evaluation showed that the composite resin exclusively used for splinting teeth might be more vulnerable to color change during intraoral service.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.405-420
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 수문요소의 변동을 파악하기 위해 섬진강댐과 소양강댐 유역의 물순환 과정에 미치는 영향을 분석 평가하였다. 그 결과를 정리하자면 다음과 같다. 먼저 지난 30년간 기온과 강수량은 점차 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있으나 증발산량은 지역에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있으며 연평균 기온상승과 연증발산량의 증가가 정의 관계에 있다고 볼 수 없었다. Penman-FAO24법에 기초한 기후학적 물수지방법과 실측값은 서로 유의한 것으로 밝혀져 국내 물수지 연구에 사용가능한 것으로 사료된다. 한편 연강수량 증대에 따라 연유출량의 증가는 인정되나 연유출률에 대한 변동은 실측값과 계산값 간의 변동이 상이하게 나타나고 있어 기후변화의 영향이 유역의 유출특성에 크게 영향을 미치고 있다고 단정하기 어렵다. 기후변화에 의한 수자원관리와 재난관리에 큰 어려움이 예상되고 있다는 것은 이미 널리 알려진 사실이다. 이에 대한 적절한 대응방안을 강구하기 위해서는 유역의 기후학적 조건과 수문학적 변동성에 대한 깊은 이해가 필요하며 보다 조밀한 수문관측망의 구축과 신뢰도 높은 자료의 축적이 전제되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.955-968
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• 2010

Three-dimensional body data has been used in many industry fields including the apparel industry. This research used data from a study of the changes in lower body girth measurements from a 3D scan study of 25 female subjects aged 18 to 24 in four postures; a standing posture, a $120^{\circ}$ knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with a $90^{\circ}$ knee bend. We used the information on the difference between standing and seated measurements to adjust ease values for pants patterns an evaluation of the appearance, and the comfort of the pants. Waist girth in the sitting posture increased 8% compared to a standing posture and the hip girth measurement increased 7%. A basic pants pattern (pants A) with 2.4cm ease at the waist and 2.6cm ease at the hip was developed and a pants pattern (pants B) was developed using the rates of lower body girth change with a 5.7cm ease (8% change) at the waist and 7cm ease (7% change) at the hip. The appearance assessment items of pants A in a standing posture were higher than pants B. On the other hand, most appearance assessment items of pants B in a sitting posture were higher than pants A, especially the ease of pants back waistline and the appearance of the whole back. Comfort assessment items of pants B in both standing and sitting postures were higher than the comfort assessment items for pants A, especially the location of pants waistline, the ease of pants at the waistline, and the ease at the abdomen. In order to find the best level of ease for better appearance and comfort in both standing and sitting postures, 20 pants were constructed with ease values at the waist and hip in increments of 1.1cm in the range between the ease values of pants A and pants B. A fit test was conducted to compare the average appearance and comfort ratings that identified the pants with the best ease values at the waist and hip. The highest total mean was achieved in the pants with a waist ease of 4.6cm and hip ease of 4.8cm.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

The change of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity during regeneration of rat liver was studied. Cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal COMTs activities were estimated in regenerating rat livers over a period of ten days after $70\%$ (median and left lateral lobes) partial hepatectomy. The values of Km and Vmax in the hepatic enzymes were also measured. The activities of cytosolic and microsomal COMTs in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy were found to be significantly increased between the second and the third day. Whereas the mitochondrial COMT activity did not change. The Vmax values of the cytosolic and microsomal COMTs in the regenerating rat liver were significantly increased at the second day after partial hepatectomy, however, the Km values of the above hepatic enzymes did not vary in all the experimental groups. Therefore, the results suggest that the biosynthesis of COMT was increased during the regeneration of rat liver.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.584-588
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• 1998

Red pepper powders with variuos seed contents (0%, 10%, 20%) and particle sizes were stored at 0$^{\circ}C$, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 30$^{\circ}C$ for 90 days, and the changes in their characteristics were monitored. The initial moisture content was about 13%, and the powders were packed in 0.1 mm-thick polypropylene (PP) bags. Moisture content of each power remained constantly, so PP bags appeared to be effective to prevent moisture transmission. All the values of L＊, a＊ and b＊ were higher in fine particles than in coarse particles. Storage at 0$^{\circ}C$ did not change any color values, however, overall color values devreased apparently when stored at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. Capsanthin contents decreased gradually at all storage temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperature. The contents of capsaicinoids in fine particles (49∼59 mg%) were twic as much as those in coarse particles (15∼36 mg%), and they did not change throughout the storage.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of values towards Korea fair trade coffee consumers upon attitudes and behavioral intentions and verified the moderating effects of ethical consumption consciousness between relationships among values, attitudes and behavioral intentions. A total of 283 data were analyzed for consumers of fair trade coffee residing in Seoul. Structural equation models were used to identify the relationship between the variables. As a result of the analysis, Schwartz (1994)'s 30 value items were factored into four areas: openness to change, self-enhancement, conservation, and self-transcendence. The value of 'self-transcendence' showed a significant positive impact on attitudes toward fair trade coffee, whereas 'openness to change' had a significant negative impact. Positive attitude toward fair trade coffee showed a significant impact on intentions to buy fair trade coffee. In addition, a moderating effect of ethical consumption consciousness between attitude and behavioral intention was found. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2001

The increase of video data makes the demand of efficient retrieval, storing, and browsing technologies necessary. In this paper, a video segmentation method (scene change detection method, or shot boundary detection method) for the development of such systems is proposed. For abrupt cut detection, inter-frame similarities are computed using luminance and edge histograms and a cut is declared when the similarities are under th predetermined threshold values. A gradual scene change detection is based on the similarities between the current frame and the previous shot boundary frame. A correlation method is used to obtain universal threshold values, which are applied to various video data. Experimental results show that propose method provides 90% precision and 98% recall rates for abrupt cut, and 59% precision and 79% recall rates for gradual change.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2023

Purpose: The precision error of a bone density meter reflects the equipment and reproducibility of results by an examiner. Precision error values can be expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), CV%, and root mean square-SD (RMS-SD). The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) currently recommends using RMS-SD as the precision error value. When a 95% confidence interval is applied, the least significant change (LSC) value is calculated by multiplying the precision error value by 2.77. Exceeding the LSC value reflects a significant difference in measured bone density. Therefore, the LSC value of a bone density equipment is an essential factor for accurately determining a patient's bone density. Accordingly, we aimed to calculate the LSC value of a bone density meter (Lunar iDXA, GE) and compare it with the value recommended by the ISCD. We also assessed whether the value measured by the iDXA equipment was below the LSC value recommended by ISCD. Material and Methods: The bone densities of the lumbar spine and thighs of 30 participants were measured twice, and the LSC values were calculated using the precision calculation tool provided by the ISCD (http://www.iscd.org). To check the reproducibility of the measurement, patients were asked to completely dismount from the equipment after the first measurement; the patient was then repositioned before proceeding with the second measurement. Results: The LSC values derived using the CV% values recommended by the ISCD were 5.3% for the lumbar spine and 5.0% for the thigh. The LSC values measured using our bone density equipment were 2.47% for the lumbar spine and 1.61% for the thigh. The LSC value using RMS-SD was 0.031 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.017 g/cm² for the thigh. Conclusion: that the findings confirm that the CV% value measured using our bone density meter and the LSC value using RMS-SD were maintained very stably. This can be helpful for obtaining accurate measurements during bone density follow-up examinations.