• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2004

Purpose: Many diagnostic modalities have been used for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Feeding materials during esophageal pH monitoring may interfere the result of examination and esophageal pH monitoring can not diagnose GER in case of alkaline reflux. The purpose of our study is to evaluate whether scintigraphy can substitiute 24 hr pH monitoring in children with GERD. Methods: From March 2002 to June 2003, 23 patients (12 boys and 11 girls, mean age 27 months) who have been admitted to Hanyang University Hospital presented with GER symptoms (recurrent vomiting, cough, chest pain, irritability) were included in the study. Scintigraphy and 24 hr pH monitoring were performed in all patients. Results: Six out of the 23 patients (26.1%) had evidence of GER on 24 hr pH monitoring, whereas nine of 23 patients (39.2%) exhibited GER by scintigraphy. Two out of the 23 patients could not be tested because of irritability. Three (14.3%) patients had evidence of GER on both 24 hr pH monitoring and scintigraphy, three (14.3%) patients on only 24 hr pH monitoring, six (28.6%) patients on only scintigraphy, and nine (42.9%) patients had no evidence of GER on both methods. No correlation was observed between 24 hr pH monitoring and scintigraphic results by Fisher's exact test (p=0.523) or Kendal's tau (t=0.678). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that there was no correlation between 24 hr pH monitoring and scintigraphy. Therefore these modalities could be used as complementary tests to diagnose GERD.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

Our study shows the following results of the patterns and reality of oral health of 862 Government employees and private school employees who had received oral examinations from April to May, 2000. For the exposition of each group to dental service, the male groups(37.4%) were more exposed than the female ones(30.0%, p<0.05), while the scaling experience results indicated that more ages mean more scaling(the over 50 year group 27.1%, 41-50 group 23.9%, 31-40 group 20.5%, 21-30 group 10.8%, p<0.001). The data involving sweet food and refreshments revealed that 'positive respondents' in the male groups were 19.7% with 12.5% positive in the female ones, and 'negative respondents' were 32.3% and 51.0% in the male and female groups respectively(p<0.001). For the oral odor, the male groups(37.9%) are more severe than the female ones(25.5%, p<0.01). The results of dental caries revealed that 19.1% of the male and 13.9% of the female said 'yes'(p<0.05), with 25.1% of the male and 11.1% of the female suffering from missing teeth(p<0.001); 77.4% of the male and 51.0% of the female from periodontal disease (p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1235-1241
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• 2012

Antioxidant properties and antioxidant compound contents in different parts of 14 commercial mushrooms were evaluated. Methanolic extracts from the entire mushroom, the pileus and the stipe, separately, were screened for their DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Total ubiquinones (Coenzyme Qs; CoQs), total phenolic, and flavonoid contents were determined, in order to assess the extract's antioxidant activity. The portion of the mushroom selected had an effect on the results, with pileus methanolic extract exhibiting the greatest antioxidant effect (p<0.05). The analyzed mushrooms contained powerful antioxidants such as phenols (144.5~536.6 mg of gallic acid equivalents, mg GAE/100 g of dried weight, dw), flavonoids (3.7~31.2 mg of quercetin equivalents, mg QE/100 g dw) and ubiquinones (65.6~485.1 ${\mu}g$/100 g dw). Content of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in the 14 commercial mushrooms varied from 23.1 to 256.2 ${\mu}g$/100 g and from 16.1 to 238.3 ${\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Phellinus linteus showed the highest antioxidant activity among all species due to the contribution of antioxidants such as phenols (530.5 mg GAE/100 g dw) and ubiquinones (308.8 ug/100 g dw). A positive linear correlation was demonstrated between free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic ($R^2=0.79$) and ubiquinone ($R^2=0.59$) contents in the pileus of mushrooms (p<0.05). Our data indicate that commercial mushrooms have potential as dietary sources of CoQs and phenolic antioxidants.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.465-502
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to find out the general characteristics of school health teachers, the status of school health resources and the degrees of self-confident performance for the 124 school health teachers in Pusan City. Data was collected by means of questionaires from Aug. 1986 to Mar. 1987. The data were analyzed by use of percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson-correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1 . General Characteristics of School Health Teachers (SHT) 1) The average of age of the SHT was 32.8 years old and 39.5% of them were from 30 to 34 years old. 2) The average for school nursing experience of the SHT was 7.9 years and 37.9% of them were from 5 to 9 years. 3) The 45.2% of them have not the clinical experience. 4) The 74.2% of them were graduated from the 3 years college of nursing. 2. Status of school health resources and nursing activities. 1) The average of student number was 2497.3 and class number was 45.2. 2) The average of school health budget was 1039000 won and 27.7% of school health budget expended on examination cost. 3) Only 29.0% of all schools have organization for school health. 4) The 84.7% of all schools have health clinic separately and 69.1% of schools have less than $33m^2$ sized. 5) The average of clinic visitor number was 2111.8 for 1 year. 6) Major problem was on digestive system. And other problems were skin, respiratory, musculo-skeletal system and dental problem. 7) The number of literal message was 14.4 times for 1 year. 3. The degree of the school health teachers' self-confidence. The school health teachers' self-confidence was deviced into 6 and the maximum degree was 4. 1) Program planning & evaluation; 2.8 2) Clinic management; 2.9 3) Health education, 3.0 4) Management of school environment; 2.7 5) Health care services; 2.7 6) Operating of school health organization; 2.4 4. Significances to the degree of self-confidence on school health nursing activities. 1) There was significant difference between clinical management and Religion (t=2.15 p<.05) 2) There was significant difference between Operating of school health organization and level of school (F=3.588 p<.05) 3) Program planning & evaluation: expending time for clinical management (r=-0.184 p<.05) expending time for health care services (r=0.273 p<.01) 4) Clinical management: use of separate health clinic (r=0.151 p<.05) 5) Health education: use of separate health clinic (r=0.170 p<0.5) 6) Health care services: No. of student (r=-0.144 p<0.5) No. of class (r=-0.160 p<.05) 5. The degree of the school health teachers' self-discipline. The school health teachers' self-discipline was devided into 2 and the maximum degree was 2. 1) Program planning & evaluation:1.8 2) Clinic management: 1.9 3) Health education: 1.9 4) Management of school environment: 1.7 5) Health care services: 1.8 6) Operating of school health organization.: 1.3 6. Significances to the degree of self-discipline on school health nursing activities 1) Program planning & evaluation; Level of nursing education (F=4.309 p<.01) 2) Clinical management: Level of nursing education (F=3.587 p<.05) 3) Operating of school health organization: School health organization (t=-2.68 p<.01) 4) Health care services: School health organization (t=2,58 p<.05) 5) School health performance: School health organization (t=2.32 p<.05) 6) Program planning & evaluation: School health experience (r=0.239 p<.01) Expending time for program planning & evaluation (r=-0.172 p<.05) 7) Clinic management: School health experience (r=0.249 p<.01) Expending time for dinic management (r=0.181 p<.05) No. of student (r=-0.158 p<.05) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.199 p<0.5) 8) Health education: School health experience (r=0.234 p<0.1) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.193 p<.05) 9) Management of school environment: Age of school health teacher (r=0.142 p<.05) School health experience (r=0.255 p<.01) 10) Operating of school health organization: Medicine Purchase (r=-0.163 p<.05) 11) Health care services: School health experience (r=0.148 p<.05) Medicine purchase (r=-0.229 p<.01) 12) Total school health performance: School health experience (r=0.200 p<.05) Medicine purchase(r=-0.168 p<.05) Based on the above results, the suggestions are as follows: 1) As the SHT take charge of the reasonable number of student, the students will have benefit of the good health service in quality. 2) It is recommended to use the health clinic separately and to arrange adequate place for good school health service. 3) It is necessary that the SHT participate budget for school health. 4) It is required to enhance self-confidence on school health nursing activities through continuous educational programs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal CP level in growing goat kids. Forty male goats were divided into four treatment groups fed diets containing CP 12, 14, 16, and 18% of concentrate feed, and rice straw, respectively. Results are summarized as follows. Average daily gain’s(ADG) of groups fed diets with CP 14% and CP 18% were 84.0 and 83.0g/d each, which were higher than group fed diets with CP 12% grown at 69.2g of ADG(P<0.05). Daily feed intakes of concentrate and rice straw were 590g and 45g each and there was no difference found between treatments. The amounts of feed required for body weight gain(g) were similar in the range of 7.0-7.3 for groups fed diets with CP 14%, 16% or 18%. But the group fed diets with CP 12% required somewhat more feed for gain at 8.8g. Dressing percentage of groups fed diet with CP 12% was 61.7%, which was higher than groups fed diets with CP 14% or CP 18%(P<0.05) but similar to that fed diet with CP 16%. Meat percentage from goats fed diet with CP 16% was 51.7%, which were higher than goats fed diets with CP 12% or CP 14%(P<0.05). Fat deposition of CP 12% group was higher than the other groups(P<0.05). Percentage of bone weight averaged 17.0% without any difference among treatment groups. Shear force and cooking loss, which are physical properties of goat meats, were lower in CP 16% and CP 14% groups than the other two groups. Water holding capacity of goats meats from CP 16% was higher than those from CP 18% group(P<0.05). Results from panel test showed that juiciness of meats from CP 16% group was higher than those from CP 12% group(P<0.05). Meats from CP 16% also was tested to be more tender than meats from the other groups. Results from this work suggest that the optimum crude protein level in growing goat's concentrate is 14-16% and that increase above this level seems not to improve meat production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to estimate satisfaction and evaluation degree of students' spot-practice in department of food and nutrition and to investigate relating factors to them for development of spot-practice Programme. The survey for analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to 229 students finished internship. Proportions of the students were 93.9% for senior, 93.9% for female. Proportions of spot-practice facilities were 38.9%, 46.7%, and 14.4% for school, business & industry, and hospital respectively. The major part of subjects (83.8%) took part in spot-practice during 2 weeks. The satisfaction scores to spot-practice were the lowest for pay, and the highest for a kind of spot-practice facilities. The evaluation scores were the lowest for 'I made a plan and prepared my work in advanced', and the highest for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The satisfaction score in hospital was significantly lower than those in school or business & industry. The satisfaction score in self-operated foodservice was significantly higher than that in contract managed one. However, there no significant differences in evaluation scores by foodsevice employment type. In the case of coincidence of area in spot-practice and residence, or facilities of spot-practice and job desired, the satisfaction and evaluation scores were significantly higher than those of others. The period of spot-practice was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction scores for atmosphere of spot-practice facilities, service and treatment for spot-practice student, while negatively correlated with evaluation score for 'I did my best for doing my work'. The spot-practice pay was significantly positively correlated with satisfaction and evaluation scores for various items. In conclusion, various factors are related to satisfaction and evaluation degree of spot-practice students, and consist concern and support from college St university, foodservice institution, and government for systematic spot-Practice are required.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

Purpose : This study was undertaken to investigate clinical aspects of nutcracker syndrome in children including sexual distribution, age of onset, the ratio of peak flow velocity between the narrowed and dilated portions in the left renal vein and prevalence of hematuria or proteinuria. Materials and Method : The subjects included 30 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome using Doppler sonography from September 1999 to January 2001 in Severance Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology. The diagnostic criteria for nutcracker syndrome was a peak flow velocity of ratio is more than 5.0. Results : Patients consisted of 14 males and 16 females. The mean age was 9.19${\pm}$2.31 years old and the ratio of peak flow velocity was 8.52${\pm}$2.24. Age of onset us higher in males 9.68${\pm}$2.82 year old than in females, 8.76${\pm}$1.72 year old respectively(P<0.05). But there was no difference in the ratio of peak flow velocities ; 8.45${\pm}$2.31 in the male group , 8.58${\pm}$2.25 in the female group(P>0.05). There was no difference in the age of onset and the ratio of peak flow velocity between patients with hematuria and without hematuria. Among patients with nutcracker syndrome, 24 cases of hematuria, 3 cases of proteinuria only, and 3 cases of hematuria with proteinuria. Conclusion : In children of school age, early diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome and consistent follow up is worthy of consideration, especially ill the prevention of sequelae. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 9-14, 2001)

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1393-1397
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined respiratory physical therapy on respiratory function, spinal curve and spinal mobility for community-dwelling elderlies with restrictive lung diseases. In total, 10 patients participated in an 8-week intervention program of thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination. The results of the study are as follows: for respiratory function, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly improved to $.30{\pm}0.31{\ell}$, $.46{\pm}.42{\ell}$, and $18.10{\pm}11.39%$, respectively (p<.05). For spinal curve, the thoracic curve and the lumbar curve were improved significantly to $-2.20{\pm}1.40^{\circ}$ and $-1.20{\pm}1.14^{\circ}$, respectively (p<.01). For spinal mobility, the thoracic flexion ($3.40{\pm}2.99^{\circ}$), thoracic extension ($3.50{\pm}1.43^{\circ}$), lumbar flexion ($4.50{\pm}4.74^{\circ}$), and lumbar extension($-1.50{\pm}1.84^{\circ}$) were all significantly improved (p<.05). These findings indicate that thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination improve the respiratory function, spinal alignment, and spinal mobility in elderly people with restrictive lung diseases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of major and university choice in the changing environments that kick out the insincere universities keeping pace with the national policy. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 177 subjects after receiving informed consents. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, influencing factors on university and department choice including multiple application. Chi-square test was used for analysis of the difference between early and regular admission. Results : Employment was the most important reason for choice of dental hygiene department that accounted for 96%. The access route for university information was college homepage for entrance information that accounted for 72.3% and 76.3% of applicants were advised by their parents for their choice for university. The information was mainly composed of school life(92.1%) and employment (81.9%). The applicants wanted to meet the students(58.8%) and to come in contact with the university homepage(57.1%). Early and regular applicants differed in reasons for college entrance(p=0.032), information delivery for major(p=0.013) and multiple application for entrance(p<0.01). Conclusions : University homepage and communication with the students will give much information to the applicants. So the university had better choose the homepage and communication for marketing strategy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.559-569
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes(nosocomial infection, patient fall, pressure ulcer). Method: The subjects of this study were 305 nurses from 20 general hospitals who worked at 39 medical and surgical wards. Self-reporting questionnaire which was developed by the writer through preceding study was used. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 10.0. program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA. Result: The mean of patient-to-nurse ration was 5.2:1. 65% among 20 hospitals was over 300 beds, 90 was located in urban area and 55 was private hospitals. Patient-to-nurse ration of hospitals in under 300 beds or rural area or private ownership was lower than hospitals in 300 beds or urban area or public ownership. 89.9 among 39 wards was medical or surgical wards. The mean of length of stay, 8-14 days got a majority and showed higher patient-to-nurse ration. Of the general characteristics, rural was significantly hight to patient fall(F=3.205, p<.05), medical unit was significantly high to patient fall, pressure ulcer(patient fall: F=8.890, p<.001, pressure ulcer: F=3.399, p<.05) and over 15 days was significantly higher than under 14 days of the mean of length of stay. And there was significant relationship between over 6.0:1 and over 4.0:1 to less than 5.0:1(F=4.817,p<.01). Conclusion: This study has shown a relationship between patient-to-nurse ration and patient fall using not objective research tool but self-reporting questionnaire. Therefore further research is needed to study using objective research tool. Based on this study, the effect of nurse staffing levels on patient outcome also has to be studied.